Clinical data show
About 10 years after the onset of diabetes
There will be 30%~40% of patients
At least one complication can occur
And many complications once they occur
Drug treatment is often difficult to reverse
It has gradually become the main cause of death in diabetic patients
On April 19, Guan Binbin, deputy chief physician and MD of the Department of Endocrinology of Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, was a guest in the live broadcast room of "Doctor I Want to Ask", starting from prevention and answering questions related to diabetes prevention and treatment.
Many readers in the live broadcast room asked questions online
↓↓↓
Complications of diabetes are extremely harmful
In the live broadcast room, many readers' questions revolve around complications, Guan Binbin said that the complications of diabetes are divided into acute and chronic:
- Chronic complications are the key concerns of diabetic patients, mainly including: macrovascular complications, such as cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and lower limb vascular lesions, and microvascular complications, such as renal lesions, fundus lesions, neuropathy, etc.
"Like diabetic retinopathy, you can be blind in severe cases. People with diabetic nephropathy experience swelling of both lower extremities. Guan Binbin said that diabetic peripheral neuropathy will cause numbness in both lower limbs, sensory loss, paresthesia, pinprick pain in the ends of the lower limbs and fingers, and it will be so painful that you can't sleep at night.
Guan Binbin reminds that diabetes complications need to be prevented and managed as soon as possible:
✦ Under the guidance of a doctor, oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin injections should be taken regularly.
✦ Fasting blood sugar should be maintained at 4.4~7.0mmol/L as much as possible, blood sugar should be maintained at less than 10mmol/L two hours after meals, and glycosylated hemoglobin should be measured every three months, and the better standard should be less than 7%.
✦ Blood lipids and blood pressure need to be actively controlled.
✦ It is recommended to be screened for diabetes complications at least once a year.
Diabetes is irreversible but remissionable
To avoid diabetic complications, and more importantly, to avoid diabetes, to prevent in advance, know in advance, and treat in advance, otherwise once you have diabetes, you can only take medication for life.
In the live broadcast, some fans are also concerned about whether diabetes can be reversed, Guan Binbin said that diabetes is a chronic lifelong disease, and it is theoretically impossible to reverse.
He said that at present, there are some early diabetic patients, especially obese type 2 diabetic patients, after strict dietary control, the weight has improved significantly, and can gradually restore blood sugar to a normal state, and even for a long period of time, there is no need to take any hypoglycemic drugs, which is medically called "diabetes remission state", but it is not equal to cure, and blood sugar may rise again in the case of weight gain or stress.
Guan Binbin reminded that patients need active lifestyle intervention to maintain diabetes remission for a long time. "Diabetes management is the concept of the five carriages, diet therapy is the foundation, exercise therapy is the means, drug treatment is the weapon, diabetes self-blood glucose monitoring is the guarantee, and diabetes education is the core."
Drug treatment of diabetes mellitus should be patient-centered
Guan Binbin introduced that the selection of hypoglycemic drugs is divided into two aspects, the first is to evaluate the patient's fasting blood glucose, two-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, body weight, liver and kidney function, etc.
Secondly, it is necessary to consider the degree of hypoglycemia of the drug, adverse reactions, risk of hypoglycemia, impact on weight, etc., as well as the availability of oral hypoglycemic drugs, as well as the price of the drug.
He suggested that patients can communicate with doctors on specific medication regimens, and now advocate patient-centered, patients participate in the selection of clinical drug regimens, and doctors carry out individualized medication according to the specific conditions of each patient.
Diabetics are not recommended to consume sugar substitutes
In terms of diet, Guan Binbin reminded that it is not recommended for diabetics to eat sugar substitutes, although it does not increase this calorie, nor does it directly raise blood sugar, but there will be other side effects, "like sugar alcohols may increase diarrhea, fructose may increase fatty liver and hyperuricemia and so on."
He suggested that diabetic patients should pay attention to the control of food amount, especially the control of total calories, avoid eating delicate carbohydrates and high-fat foods, recommend eating some foods with a low glycemic index, such as buckwheat, eat more vegetables, reduce the intake of red meat or refined meat, and avoid supper.
It is recommended that diabetic patients drink boiled water, weak tea, black coffee, skim milk every day, if there is no diabetic nephropathy, you can also drink soy milk, carbonated drinks, milk tea and other sugary diets are invisible killers that cause diabetes, don't touch them.
About diabetes
Join the Health Report Diabetes Exchange Group
↓↓↓
Organization of the event
Organizers: Fujian Health News, Fujian Daily
Co-organizer: Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University