Three
I remember when I went to the Eight Immortals Palace, and I had a very good impression of this place. I only saw a few pavilions and pavilions in the courtyard, small bridges and flowing water, the environment was quiet, the courtyard was full of strange flowers and plants, there were a few towering ancient trees, the green cover was like clouds, just like Qionglin Langyuan, the fairy resort, and the people had the feeling of forgetting their worries.
I am particularly interested in the plaques and couplets hanging inside and outside the central hall of the Eight Immortal Palace, such as the plaque of "Its Way of Great Light" inscribed by the Kuomintang veteran Shao Lizi on the lintel of the Lingguan Palace, and the couplet "Upholding the Right and Suppressing the Evil and Stabilizing the Parties"; on the door of the Eight Immortals Palace, the plaque of the imperial pen of the Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty is hung "Bao Zheng Xianchuan", and the two couplets of the palace door, the first pair is: "Guidian imitates the pearl foil silver screen of the Lingguan Palace; and the Langhan jade axis of 5,000 famous moral sayings under the vertical pillar of the canonical seal." The second painting is: the evening drum and the morning bell wake up the dust, the yellow sorghum dream, the Donghua preaching, the Zhongli teaching, the Guanghui Cidu, the Zhu Yu Qingsheng Lang Yongbu, the Xuzan Cave, the Xuan Quan, the true Lang Yuan, the Lin Palace, the new Hui Gong Gong There are also plaques such as "Fuzong Yijiao", "Respect for Taoism and Virtue", "Taoism and Heaven and Earth", "Vacuum Wonders", "Puhua Fate" and other plaques, which can be read and pondered carefully, making people enlightened.
"Xi'an Dictionary of the Republic of China" contains: "In November of the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1926), Xi'an was relieved, and after Feng Yuxiang led his troops to Xi'an in January of the following year, his subordinates were stationed in the Taoist temple of the Eight Immortals Palace, and the Taoist classics were damaged. The prison court asked Song Bolu, a celebrity in Shaanxi, to try to stop it, and Song sent a letter to Feng Yuxiang to mediate. Feng Yuxiang ordered the army to withdraw from the Eight Immortals Palace, so that the cultural relics and classics in the Taoist temple could be preserved.
In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), when Tang Xu'an served as the supervisor of the Eight Immortals Palace, it was completely repaired, and Yang Hucheng, Shao Lizi, Sun Weiru, Yu Youren and others donated more than 24,000 yuan, and successively rebuilt the Lu Zu Palace, the Taibai Palace, the Lingguan Palace, the Eight Immortals Palace, the Doumu Palace, the Mountain Gate, etc., and completed the construction in the twenty-seventh year (1938). ”
In addition, the two tablets that survived the "Cultural Revolution" inlaid on the brick wall of the courtyard are the "Monument to the Eight Immortals Palace of Wanshou in Xijing" erected by the Tang Xu'an Supervision Institute in the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938) after the rebuilding of the Eight Immortal Palaces under the funding of General Yang Hucheng and Shao Lizi, and the other is the "Monument of the Eight Immortals of the Empress Dowager Cixi" erected by Abbot Li Zongyang for Cixi. It is particularly rare and has become the most direct witness to the history of the Eight Immortals Palace.
When Li Zongyang served as the abbot of the Eight Immortal Nunnery, he met the Empress Dowager Cixi stationed in the Eight Immortal Nunnery, and Li presided over the Taoist congregation to greet him, and won the favor of Cixi at the time of tribulation, and she also named Li Zongyang as "the real person in the jade crown and purple robe". When Cixi inquired about the nunnery, Li told her that the nunnery was often harassed by local thugs, especially when hundreds of acres of wheat in the nunnery were stolen and looted during the summer harvest. When the Queen Mother heard this, she was angry, so she gave the Eight Immortals Nunnery a royal stick and said: "If you dare to offend, you will be punished with this stick." In addition, this stick is also known as the imperial staff, and it is said that killing people does not pay for their lives, and is not bound by the "Great Qing Law". So, the royal stick in the nunnery was enshrined in the Doumu Palace. Since then, it has been very effective, and no one dares to violate the ban again. It's a pity that this stick was destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution".
Four
On July 30, 2004, when the State Post Bureau issued the stamp "Myth - Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea". At a publicity work meeting of the Shaanxi Provincial Philatelic Association and the Postage and Stamps Bureau, I proposed that the Xi'an Eight Immortals Palace should be one of the most important places for the stamps of "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", and that the first ceremony should be held in the Eight Immortals Palace in Xi'an. Without waiting for me to explain, I was immediately opposed by the participants: "The original location of "Eight Immortals Across the Sea" can only be Penglai, Shandong, and it can't be played with Shaanxi Eight Poles." At this time, there were senior philatelists and the person in charge of the Provincial Postal Association secretly handing out notes, worried that I would be embarrassed to talk nonsense. So, I gave a rough outline of the article I wrote for the stamps of "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" at the meeting, and it was finally affirmed in the initial skeptical voice. Finally reported to the State Post Bureau, and successfully won one of the first launch ceremonies for the Eight Immortals Palace in Xi'an.
Then, the leaders of the Provincial Philatelic Association and the Postage and Stamp Bureau went to Dongguan Baxian Nunnery to find the presiding officer Hu Chenglin, and agreed to hold the launch ceremony. Naturally, they hit it off, and everyone was happy, for which the Taoist temple also ordered thousands of sets of stamp sheetlets of "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea". The deputy general manager of Shaanxi Provincial Post Company praised me at the meeting, saying that a plan would earn back 1 million yuan for Shaanxi Post, which was still struggling to operate that year.
Why does the Palace of the Eight Immortals have the qualifications to be the first place of the stamps of "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea"? I wrote in the article: "This is because the Palace of the Eight Immortals in Xi'an is the only one named after the Eight Immortals among the 21 national key palaces announced by the State Council. It is the original site of the Chang'an liquor shop where the most famous Lu Dongbin was lit by Zhong Liquan in the Eight Immortals, and there is a stone tablet in front of the Eight Immortals Palace, and the side is engraved "Mr. Lu Chunyang meets Mr. Han Zhongli's enlightenment". According to the "Legend of the Immortals": Zhongli Patriarch in Chang'an wine shop, feeling Lu Dongbin, "Huangliang Mengjue" became an immortal, and later generations set up an ancestral hall to commemorate Lu Zu here.
The legend of the Eight Immortals originated in Shaanxi, and the main activity areas of several Gaodao in the Eight Immortals are in Chang'an and Guanzhong. For example, Li Tiegui sleepwalked in Huashan and cultivated with Laojun. The "Complete Biography of the Eight Immortals" written by the Qing Dynasty Wuzhi Taoist said that Huashan Zixia Cave was Li Tieguai's cave house. Later, Li Tiegui cultivated in Zhongnan Mountain and ignited Zhong Liquan. Zhong Liquan was a native of Xianyang in Jingzhao in the Tang Dynasty, he lit up Lu Yan (Lu Dongbin), and practiced in Zhongnan Mountain together, and there is a site of "Zhong Lu Ping" in Tangyu, Meixian County. "All Tang Poems" contains Zhong Liquan's "Three Quatrains of the Title of Chang'an Wine Shop Wall". Among them, there are poems such as "sitting and lying down often carrying a pot of wine" and "evacuating a husband among the people", which can be seen in its style. There is also "self-said residence is even the sea, don't be the first peak of Penglai", pointing out the yearning for Penglai Wonderland. The prototype of Zhang Guo Lao in the Eight Immortals is the famous Taoist Zhang Guo in the Tang Dynasty, when he was in Chang'an, Tang Xuanzong's thinking of advocating Taoism was greatly influenced by him, because of the surprise of his immortal arts, there is a legend of marrying the royal sister, and the "Old Tang Book" and "New Tang Book" have records about Zhang Guo's various abilities. Han Xiangzi has Xiangzi Cave in Lantian to commemorate him in Languan to point out Han Wengong (Han Yu), Han Yu's "Left Move to Languan to Show Nephew Sun Xiang" has a poem "Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling, and the snow hugs Languan and does not move forward". According to legend, Han Xiangzi is Han Yu's nephew, living in seclusion in Languan, living in Chang'an with Han Yu, and there is Xiangzi Temple Street in Xi'an as evidence. And Lan Caihe also has a legend, he often carries a flower basket on Chang'an Avenue and sings, "All Tang Poems" contains a poem "Song Song" "Song Lan Caihe, the world can be geometric." The red face of the three spring trees, the passing years are a shuttle. "In the early Qing Dynasty, there was "Lan Cai and Chang'an Farce". After Lan Caihe got drunk in the restaurant, he flew into an immortal by crane.
Five
It can be said that the worship of the Eight Immortals was preceded by the worship of Zhong Lu, and the core characters of the Eight Immortals should be dominated by Zhong Lu. The worship of the Eight Immortals is very closely related to Taoism, and the Chongyang Palace in Huxian County is the ancestral nunnery of the Quanzhen Dao. The legend of Wang Chongyang, the patriarch of Quanzhen Dao, is the enlightenment of Lu Dongbin and respects Lu Zu as a teacher. Zhong Liquan, Lu Dongbin, Wang Chongyang, and the aforementioned Liu Haichan were enshrined as the Five Ancestors of the North by Quanzhen Dao. It can be said that from the worship of Zhonglu to the worship of the Eight Immortals, it is because of the Quanzhen Dao.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, when Quanzhen Dao was at its peak, Genghis Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, hired Qiu Chuji, one of the seven sons of Quanzhen, an apprentice of Wang Chongyang, as a national teacher to lead the whole country Taoism, and Qiu Chuji must have worshiped Lu Dongbin, one of the five ancestors of Quanzhen Dao, and Qiu Chuji presided over the construction of Lu Dongbin's Chunyang Palace in Rui County, Shanxi.
Qiu Chuji (1148-1227), a native of Qixia (now Shandong Province) in Dengzhou, was a Taoist Quanzhen Taoist master, a real person, a thinker, a politician, a writer, a health scientist and a pharmacist. Qiu Chuji was respected by the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty, the Mongol Empire and the broad masses of the people, and because he went to the Western Regions at the age of 74, he was famous for "respecting heaven and loving the people", "reducing slaughter", and "purifying his heart and few desires" to persuade Genghis Khan to stop killing and loving the people, that is, "stop killing with a word". I especially appreciate a sentence from a real person in Changchun Qiu: "I have learned a 'real' word in 50 years, and I am not willing to abandon it once I do it." And as their own motto.
And now in the Eight Immortals Palace in Xi'an, there is a Lu Zu Hall that worships Lu Dongbin in the east courtyard, and there is a Qiu Zu Hall that worships Qiu Zhuji in the west courtyard, which proves this.
At that time, the Eight Immortals Nunnery was not far from the Chongyang Palace of the ancestral nunnery of the Quanzhen Dao in Huxian County, and it was the Chang'an wine shop where Lu Dongbin became an immortal and attained Taoism. Later, "Zhong Lu" developed into eight immortals, and after the analysis and research of Professor Fan Guangchun of the Taoist Research Center of the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, there is also an allusion to the meaning of the seven sons of Quanzhen plus his teacher Wang Chongyang, and there is exactly one woman among the seven sons of Quanzhen, whose name is not two, and this is the future He Xiangu. In addition, Quanzhen Dao advocates the unity of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, and He Xiangu also has the implication of representing the image of Buddhism Guanyin, and the representative of Confucianism added Uncle Cao Guo, these two are in a foil position in the Eight Immortals, and there are no active relics in the area of Chang'an Guanzhong, and they are not like the other people who are all high roads with real bodies.
Wang Chongyang, the patriarch of Quanzhen Dao, was a native of Guanzhong, but his disciples Quanzhen Seven Sons were all from Shandong, and later, Quanzhen Dao was greatly developed in Shandong. An important source of the legend of the Eight Immortals is the "Journey to the East of the Eight Immortals", which alludes to the allusion to the development and preaching of the Quanzhen Dao to Henan and Shandong. Qiu Chuji wrote the words "Remembering the Dharma", the first sentence of which "from the east to the sea", and the last sentence "driving the clouds towards God" implied the meaning of the eight immortals crossing the sea. It can be said that the Eight Immortals crossed the sea, starting from Chang'an, passing through Shandong and crossing the East China Sea to Penglai Immortal Island. ”
According to the earliest records in history, Lu Dongbin should be a native of Chang'an, Guanzhong, Shaanxi. The "History of the Kingdom" of the Northern Song Dynasty contains: "Guanzhong Yiren Lu Dongbin. "History of the Song Dynasty • The Biography of Chen Jun" contains: Lu Yan "Kansai Yiren." In the Yuezhou stone carving "Autobiography of Lu Dongbin" collected by Wu Zeng of the Song Dynasty, Lu said that he "I am a Jingzhao person." The Yuan Dynasty's "Biography of Tang Caizi" and "Tang Poetry Advocacy" all recorded that Lu was a Jingzhao person, and "Jiangzhou Wangjiang Pavilion Self-Record" contained: "I am a Jingchuan person." "Xi'an Mansion Chronicles" volume 37: "Lu Dongbin, the first name Shaoguang, Guan Youren. ”
Lu Dongbin's grandfather Lu Wei, the Tang Dynasty Rite Minister, and his father Lu Rang, served as the county lieutenant of Lantian and the county magistrate of Sanyuan in his early years. The place where Lu Dongbin was born should be in the area of Jingzhao Chang'an or Guanzhong, otherwise it is impossible for Lu Dongbin's autobiography to call himself "I am a Jingzhao person".
After the Yuan Dynasty, there was a saying that Lu Dongbin was a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). This should refer to his ancestral hometown, because his great-grandfather Lu Yanzhi was the envoy of the Hedong Festival.
There is also a Luzu Temple on the old Jiufu Street in the west section of Xi'an Youth Road, and the four big characters on the gate plaque are written "Fuyou Famous Palace". April 14 is said to be Lu Dongbin's birthday. At this time of the year, the Luzu Temple and the Eight Immortals Nunnery hold the Luzu Christmas Puja. It is a pity that it was bombed by Japanese planes during the Anti-Japanese War, and the main hall was lifted, leaving only broken walls. Then, a few years later, the munitions stored by the troops in the Luzu Temple caused an explosion, and most of the temple was destroyed.
I remember that every time I go to the cultural relics market of the Eight Immortals, I must turn around, although I am not here to Taobao to pick up leaks, just feel the strong historical atmosphere here, look at the Qin bricks and Han tiles, the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror, as well as the clay pots and jade that do not know the age and origin, and I am in a good mood, comfortable and happy. I also went to the famous old Xujia Huang Guichou Hotel nearby to taste the thick wine that the store claimed, Lu Dongbin in the Eight Immortals, and Li Bai's "Eight Immortals" and others drank it. "Xi'an Dictionary of the Republic of China" contains: Changle Fang Xu Ji Huang Guichou Hotel "In the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, it was already famous in Chang'an. When Mr. Yu was in charge of Shaanxi, he went to drink, and improvised the signboard of "Xujia Huang Guichou Hotel" after drinking. ”
There is also such a couplet hanging high in this store: "Li Bai asked who was good, and Liu Ling replied that it was high." Of course, I didn't care about asking whether this couplet was true or false, so I came here to drink a bowl of thick wine, just to relive the chic of "Li Baidou's 100 poems on wine, and sleeping in a restaurant in Chang'an City".