I am a clinician who has been working for many years. Over the course of my career, I have witnessed a variety of health issues, with food allergies being an area that is both common and often misunderstood. Some people think that food allergies are a sign of oversensitivity, even hypocrisy. However, from a medical point of view, food allergies are a serious health issue that needs to be taken seriously.
Let me share a memorable case. One spring afternoon last year, an anxious mother came to my clinic in a hurry with her little daughter. The little girl suddenly felt swollen lips and difficulty breathing after school lunch. Upon inquiry, I learned that she had peanut butter sandwiches in her lunch box – this was her first time trying something with peanuts. After emergency treatment and stabilization of her symptoms, we performed a series of allergy tests, which confirmed that she had a severe peanut allergy.
Food allergy basics
In our clinic, cases of food allergies are increasing every day. As a doctor, I often come across misconceptions about food allergies, and some even think it's just a "hypocrisy". But in reality, food allergies are a serious medical problem that involves an abnormal reaction of our immune system to the composition of food.
What are food allergies?
Food allergies occur when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies certain proteins in food as harmful substances. This causes the immune system to overreact, releasing large amounts of chemicals, such as histamine, which are the main cause of allergy symptoms.
Common food allergens
Some foods are more likely to cause allergic reactions than others. The most common food allergens include:
Nuts: such as peanuts, almonds, and walnuts.
Seafood: especially shellfish and fish.
Dairy: Milk is a common cause of food allergies in children.
Eggs: Especially egg whites.
Soybeans and wheat: These ingredients are widely found in a variety of processed foods.
Biological mechanisms of food allergies
When a person ingests the food they are allergic to, their immune system begins to produce a specific antibody called IgE. These antibodies cause immune cells to release histamine and other chemicals, which can trigger allergy symptoms.
Symptoms and harms of food allergies
You've probably heard of food allergies, but do you really understand what they are and how much of an impact they can have on people's lives? As a doctor, I often see patients who suffer from food allergies, with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening, each of which cannot be ignored.
Symptoms: from mild to severe
Symptoms of food allergies can range from very mild to extremely severe. The most common mild symptoms include rash, itching, slight swelling of the lips or tongue, etc. These symptoms, while not immediately life-threatening, can cause discomfort and anxiety to patients.
However, food allergies can also lead to more serious reactions such as asthma exacerbations, difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, etc., which require immediate medical intervention. The most severe is anaphylactic shock, commonly known as "anaphilaxi", which is a rapidly developing anaphylaxis that can be life-threatening for a short period of time, manifested by a sudden drop in blood pressure and severe dyspnea.
Harm: More than just physical pain
The effects of food allergies go far beyond physical symptoms. For individuals with food allergies, daily life can become challenging. Dietary restrictions not only affect nutrient intake, but may also affect social activities. Many patients feel anxious and isolated when eating out, worrying that the food may contain potential allergens.
In addition, food allergies can also cause mental health problems. Long-term anxiety and fear of a sudden, severe allergic reaction can lead to chronic stress, affecting the mental health of the patient.
Manage and treat food allergies
When a food allergy is diagnosed, management and treatment become crucial. This is not only to avoid unpleasant symptoms, but also to prevent potential life-threatening situations. Here are some practical management strategies and treatments to ensure that people with allergies can safely cope with the food challenges of their daily lives.
1. Avoid allergens
The most basic and effective management method is to completely avoid exposure to known allergens. This includes:
Read food labels carefully: Manufacturers often indicate ingredients that may cause allergies on food packaging.
Ask for ingredient information: When eating at a restaurant, ask the waiter if the food contains your allergens to ensure food safety.
Cross-contamination vigilance: Use separate cooking and food storage facilities to prevent cross-contamination of allergens with other foods.
2. Measures to deal with accidental ingestion of allergens
Even the most thoughtful people can sometimes accidentally ingest allergens. In this regard, it is important to be prepared to respond to emergencies:
Carry an epinephrine auto-injector with you: For severe food allergic reactions, epinephrine is the only treatment that can quickly reverse the symptoms of allergy. Make sure you have it with you and let those around you know how to use it.
Have an emergency plan: Make sure family, friends, and co-workers are aware of your allergies and emergency responses.
3. Regular review and follow-up
Allergies can change over time, and regular medical reviews can help you understand any changes in your condition.
Have regular skin or blood tests: This can help monitor if allergen reactions have lessened or worsened.
Have regular consultations with your allergist: they can provide up-to-date information and treatment recommendations to help you better manage your food allergies.
4. Education and self-advocacy
It's important to know how to manage food allergies and advocate for your needs.
Participate in educational programs: Learn about the latest scientific developments and management strategies for food allergy.
Community and school advocacy: Make sure your work and study environment is supportive and understanding of food allergies.