Dazhong reporter Xing Zhen correspondent Zhang Yingying reported from Binzhou
April 15-21, 2024 is the 30th National Cancer Prevention and Treatment Publicity Week, and the theme of this year's Publicity Week is "Comprehensive Policies and Scientific Cancer Prevention". In March 2024, the National Cancer Center released the 2022 national cancer epidemiological data, showing that lung cancer has the highest incidence and death rate in both rural and urban areas, regardless of whether it is a man or a woman, and the threat to human life is much higher than that of other types of cancer. Recently, Liu Jianwei, director of the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, unveiled the mystery of "the first major cancer" for the public from the early detection and effective diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer to the current scientific management and surgical improvement of lung diseases.
Long-term smoking, chronic lung disease, environmental pollution, etc., the occurrence of lung cancer is mostly related to these factors
Liu Jianwei introduced that long-term heavy smoking is one of the common causes of lung cancer. The second is living in a polluted environment, such as long-term exposure to radioactive carcinogens such as nickel and copper. The third is comorbid with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease. The fourth is family clustering, and a family history of lung cancer is also one of the most common groups of people with lung cancer.
Recent research data have shown that kitchen fumes have also been listed as one of the causative factors of lung diseases. Therefore, to prevent lung cancer scientifically, it is necessary to quit smoking and pay attention to airway protection. "Pay attention to wearing masks and pay attention to protection in polluted environments. Liu Jianwei said, "It is more important to have regular physical examinations, early precancerous lesions are easy to be found in the physical examination, through low-dose spiral CT scanning, we can find abnormal lesions in the lungs, so that early lung cancer can be screened." ”
In addition, it has also been found in clinical work that many young women who do not smoke are also one of the high-risk groups of lung cancer. "This poses a new challenge for our lung cancer screening, and current research shows that the main cause of lung cancer in young women who do not smoke is still related to genetic mutations," Liu said. ”
The number of patients with pulmonary nodules has increased, most of which are benign, and there is no need to "talk about molanodisia"
With the widespread use of chest CT in physical examination, more and more pulmonary nodules are being found in clinical work. Many citizens panicked after the physical examination, and the lung nodules written on the physical examination report also became a thorn buried in the hearts of many people, always feeling that their lungs had been diseased, and they were worried about lung health.
Liu Jianwei said that in fact, more than 95% of the pulmonary nodules found in clinical work are benign nodules, and less than 5% of the pulmonary nodules require our high attention or surgical treatment.
"Pulmonary nodules can be divided into ground-glass nodules and solid nodules in the lungs, in the case of ground-glass nodules in the lungs, inflammation can manifest as ground-glass nodules in the lungs, early tumors can also develop into ground-glass nodules, and can also be imaging manifestations of early-stage lung cancer. Liu Jianwei explained that ground-glass nodules are a very inert lesion, and most of them can be absorbed or disappeared through follow-up observation and anti-inflammatory treatment, so there is no need to rush to surgery if ground-glass nodules are found in physical examination, and regular follow-up observation is very crucial, "so as to avoid overtreatment and avoid the pain of surgery for some patients with inflammatory nodules."
Combined with many years of clinical experience, Liu Jianwei concluded that it is very important to help patients face their conditions correctly and objectively, eliminate patients' panic, and do not have to "talk about grinding color", which is also a responsibility and responsibility of thoracic surgeons.
Giving full play to the role of follow-up and applying minimally invasive techniques, lung cancer treatment has been innovated step by step
"We have implemented the whole process management of pulmonary nodules, and if pulmonary nodules are found in the physical examination of the Affiliated Hospital of Binhai Medical College, there will be professional doctors and nurses to follow up and re-examine them regularly, so as to truly realize the early detection, early diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases and cancer. Liu Jianwei said that whether it is from the management method or from the treatment method, they have made a lot of efforts for the early prevention and treatment of lung cancer, and have also achieved obvious results.
Years of clinical practice have proved that ground-glass nodules in the lungs are a very indolent lesion, and the current pathological studies have defined atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ as precancerous lesions, which can be regarded as a benign disease, so the surgical period of lung nodules is critical. High-risk nodules with early-stage lung cancer require aggressive surgical intervention if the density or volume of the lesions increases after a long follow-up. At present, the surgical treatment of pulmonary nodules is mainly based on minimally invasive surgery, and the most clinical application is single-port thoracoscopic surgery, which can remove lung lesions through only one incision to achieve the purpose of clinical cure. "Since September 2023, we have also innovatively carried out a minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery that preserves spontaneous breathing and eliminates the need for endotracheal intubation, with a smaller surgical section and faster recovery. Liu Jianwei introduced that the patient retains spontaneous breathing, and the patient does not have the stimulation of tracheal intubation after surgery, which reduces the patient's pharyngeal discomfort, and the symptoms of stubborn and irritating cough that are prone to occur after surgery are milder, the recovery is faster, and the medical experience has also been greatly improved.
At present, the incidence of pulmonary nodules is at a high rate, and how to accurately identify early lung cancer is one of the key contents of thoracic surgery. In this regard, Liu Jianwei is full of confidence, he said that the current lung surgery has basically achieved homogeneity, lung nodules do not have to go far, they are confident to escort the lung health care of the surrounding people, and will continue to seek forward on the road of professional improvement.