In the rainy season and autumn grain harvest season, due to the hot and humid climate, the feed is easy to mold and deteriorate, and the feed is easy to be infected with Aspergillus flavus in this season, and pigs are prone to feed poisoning if they eat moldy feed. In animal husbandry, the safety of feed is directly related to the health and performance of animals. In particular, maize, as an important source of energy, is widely used in aquaculture around the world. However, when corn is not stored properly or exposed to humid environment, it is very easy to mildew, producing toxic substances such as aflatoxin, Fusarium toxin, etc., which can cause animal poisoning. This article will focus on the problem of poisoning caused by the ingestion of moldy corn in pigs, and propose corresponding control strategies.
1. Causes and symptoms of mildew corn poisoning:
1. Cause analysis: In the rainy season and autumn grain harvest season, due to factors such as excessive humidity, unsuitable temperature, poor ventilation, etc., corn mold in the storage process, in this season feed is easy to be infected with Aspergillus flavus, and pigs are prone to feed poisoning after eating moldy feed. Among the common mycotoxins in feed, the more serious ones are aflatoxins, chlomatoxins and orange flavoxins. The liver of pigs has a strong ability to detoxify many toxins, but it is powerless against aflatoxins. When the aflatoxin content in the feed is more than 0.2%, pigs may cause growth arrest and death, once poisoned, the toxin is difficult to neutralize or eliminate, generally die within a few days, pregnant sows eat moldy feed, easy to cause abortion, litter and stillbirth. The impact of moldy feed on pig breeding is very serious, how to reduce the harm of mycotoxins in feed to pigs?
2. Poisoning symptoms: pig moldy corn poisoning is a chronic poisoning disease, and the course of the disease in large pigs is not only long, sometimes up to two months, showing chronic poisoning symptoms. Piglets are mostly acute. Pigs with chronic poisoning are mainly loss of appetite, depressed, unsteady walking, often isolated, hunched back, body temperature close to normal, and the visible mucous membrane is jaundice-colored. In addition to the above-mentioned severe symptoms, the sick pigs are agitated and sometimes jump out of the pen or head against the wall. When walking, swaying from side to side, turning in circles, or walking straight stops when encountering obstacles, and slams your head against obstacles. Sick pigs are depressed, their ears droop, their hindquarters weak, or they are lying on the ground, drooling, and often die within a few days.
2. Detoxification treatment and related prevention and control measures: In order to avoid economic losses and ensure the safety of pork products, active and effective measures must be taken to prevent poisoning incidents caused by pigs eating moldy corn.
1. The purchased and stored corn, soybean meal and other feed raw materials must be properly preserved, the moisture content must be controlled below 13%, and the storage environment must be ventilated and dry. The storage period should not exceed half a year, generally a small amount of feed or feed raw materials are purchased, and the storage time in the farm is minimized, which can effectively reduce gas and die of mold.
2. The feed with high water content must be fed on the same day, such as distiller's grains, tofu residue, powder residue, etc., the water content is particularly high, and it is easy to be polluted and deteriorated by mold and spoilage bacteria.
3. It is strictly forbidden to feed pigs with moldy feed.
4. Early detection and screening: Regularly inspect the quality of the corn in stock, and use rapid detection kits to monitor fungal contamination. Strict sorting before processing to remove obvious mildew particles.
5. Carry out simple detoxification treatment on moldy feed, and then mix with other non-moldy feed, the treatment method is to remove moldy grains or moldy blocks for moldy feed first, and then crush the feed, put it into the cement pool and add 3-4 times of water to the feed, fully stir and soak it, soak out the toxins in the feed, and change the water twice a day until the soaked water turns from brown to colorless. The second is to treat with alkali, the method is to add 200 kg of water to 100 kg of moldy feed, and then add 1 kg of baking soda powder or 2 kg of fresh quicklime to boil together, wait for about 30 minutes after the moldy corn kernels are boiled and cracked, and then let it cool naturally to room temperature, and rinse with water until there is no alkaline smell.
6. Immediately stop feeding moldy feed after finding that pigs are poisoned by moldy feed, which is a key prevention and control measure, increase the amount of green feed, and the poisoning is light and can be healed without medication. Immediately pour potassium permanganate solution into the poisoned pigs, and each poisoned piglet is mixed into the feed after grinding with a tablet of ferrous sulfate and vitamin B1 2-4 tablets per day, and the effect is better. In order to discharge the toxin, 25-50 grams of sodium sulfate can be taken internally. Chlorpromazine may be injected intramuscularly for sedation purposes.
In summary, prevention is the best way to solve swine mold corn poisoning. Through strict feed quality management, scientific ration ratio, suitable storage environment and many other details of control, in order to avoid risks to the greatest extent. Future research should continue to explore more efficient detoxification technologies and establish a more accurate risk assessment system, so as to solve the problem at the source and achieve the sustainable development of a green and healthy livestock and poultry industry. The purpose of this paper is to raise the level of understanding of this common and non-negligible problem in the industry, and hope to stimulate the attention of relevant practitioners and all walks of life to this topic, and jointly promote the healthy development of animal husbandry.