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In this age where intelligent voices can chat with you, we can't help but ask:
How did artificial intelligence (AI) go from being a science fiction scene to being a part of our lives?
To answer this question, we have to go back in time and meet the English gentleman who made machine thinking possible – Alan Turing.
Turing test
In 1950, Turing published a paper called "Computing Machines and Intelligence", proposing a thought experiment that came to be known as the "Turing test". Turing's idea was simple: if a machine could make it impossible for a human to distinguish it from another human in a conversation, then the machine could say that it was intelligent.
This test is like setting a "threshold of wisdom" for AI.
It is estimated that Turing himself did not expect that his idea would not only become the "North Star" in the field of AI, but also make countless scientists and engineers crazy. They began to wonder: how can you get a machine to say something that people believe to be true, how can you make a machine's answer sound less "machine"?
The Turing Test and the measurement of AI intelligence
The Turing Test is like a "game of imitation" where both machines and humans have to pull out all the stops. Machines should try to pretend to be humans, and humans should try not to be deceived by machines. This game not only tests the language ability of machines, but also tests human judgment.
But the Turing test is not a panacea. Some people questioned that it only focuses on verbal communication and ignores other intelligent manifestations of the machine, such as visual recognition, emotional understanding, etc. Moreover, some machines may only be "shiny on the surface" and still "mushy on the back".
The birth and early development of AI
In the long history of artificial intelligence, the "Dartmouth" conference in 1956 is undoubtedly an epoch-making event. Not only did it bring together the brightest minds of the time, but it was also the birthplace of the concept of AI.
The four initiators of the conference, McCarthy, Minsky, Shannon and Rochester, gave the conference a very "futuristic technology" name in order to get "sponsorship funds". They first coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" in their proposal to the Rockefeller Foundation.
Their goal is to explore how machines can mimic the intelligent behavior of humans. This proposal, like a "declaration of independence" in the field of AI, heralds the dawn of a new scientific era.
They believe that all aspects of intelligence can in principle be accurately described and simulated by machines. This concept has become the cornerstone of AI research, leading subsequent researchers to continue to explore and make breakthroughs.
Although Dr. Morrison of the Rockefeller Foundation did not use the term "artificial intelligence" directly in his reply, but called it a "mathematical model of the mind," his cautious approach did not prevent the meeting from taking place. The foundation's funding, although only $7,500, has become an important driving force in the history of AI development.
After this meeting, AI began its growth journey. Early research, while challenging, also yielded some initial results that laid the groundwork for today's AI technology. It is these early efforts that have allowed AI to gradually develop from a simple concept to a broad field of multidisciplinary and multi-application.
Turing Award and Contributions in the Field of AI
To recognize those who have made outstanding contributions to the field of computer science, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) established the Turing Award. This award is like the "Nobel Prize" in the computer industry, allowing those scientists who have worked hard in the field of AI to get the recognition they deserve.
The achievements of Turing Award winners are like bright stars that light up the sky of AI. Their research not only promotes the development of AI technology, but also gives us a deeper understanding of intelligence.
From the Dartmouth conference to modern AI
From Dartmouth to today, AI has come a long and winding road. Today's AI can not only play chess and write poetry, but can even drive a car and see a doctor. AI is present in almost every aspect of our lives.
Modern AI technology has evolved from the early rule-driven to today's deep learning and neural networks. These technologies allow machines to not only "think", but also "learn" and even "create".
epilogue
Looking back at the history of AI, it is not difficult to see that its development is like a relay race. The efforts of each generation of scientists pave the way for the next generation of researchers. Closely related to us, the development of AI determines the future of our work and life.
And last year, OpenAI released a compelling report that delved into the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the labor market. The report reveals a remarkable development: up to 80 percent of the U.S. labor market is expected to experience some degree of disruption in the future, and 19 percent of those markets will be severely impacted, with at least half of jobs in these areas gradually being replaced by AI technology.
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