Question one
What the hell is the "shock therapy" of the collapse of the USSR?
Many history buffs ask: what the hell was "shock therapy" at the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union?
Today, Lao Feng uses simple and rough language to explain it clearly for you.
Implementer of shock therapy: Boris Yeltsin
For example, on the battlefield, if a soldier is shot in the lower leg and the wound may become infected, there are two treatment options:
The first treatment plan is called "conservative therapy", which is to disinfect, sterilize, bandage, take medicine, rest, and let the wound heal slowly, this process will be very long, and you need to be very careful in the operation, because if you are not careful, the wound will become infected.
The second treatment plan is called "shock therapy", which is simple and rude, directly sawing the lower leg of the shot, in the process of sawing, the soldier will pass out because of too much pain, this is called shock therapy, this therapy can solve the problem in a short time, but the cost is very large, one is to faint in pain, and the other is to lose a lower leg.
Then, for the Soviet Union back then, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the newborn Russia had to take the road of marketization and capitalism.
At that time, there were two options, one was "incremental reform" and the other was called "shock therapy", and the difference between the two was as follows:
Option 1: "Gradual reform": Set up a transition period, very gently and gradually relax price and currency controls, very gently carry out shareholding and privatization reforms for state-owned enterprises, and gradually dismiss and properly arrange employment outlets for redundant workers in state-owned enterprises.
Option 2, "shock therapy": there is no transition period, sudden relaxation of price and currency controls, sudden privatization of state-owned enterprises, all employees in state-owned enterprises who are floating in the business, all the employees who are floating in the state-owned enterprises are dismissed overnight, and no employment is arranged, in short, Russia has become a capitalist country overnight, everyone is in charge of their own people, and whoever suddenly falls into poverty, the state does not care, and seeks their own way out, and so on, it is called shock therapy.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia was reborn, took the market-oriented reform, and took the capitalist road, and chose the second way: shock therapy. It's aggressive. However, at that time, the Russians did not grasp the scale and proportion at the macro level or in the details, so the shock therapy in Russia plunged the country into serious poverty, resulting in a large number of Russians unemployed, all industries withered, factories shut down, national income plummeted, and living standards fell sharply.
Shock therapy led to economic difficulties in Russia, and people had to wait in long queues to buy bread
To put it simply, this is the truth about the so-called "shock therapy" after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
There are many reasons for this, one of which is that Yeltsin, the first Russian president, "sought speed": After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Yeltsin was very eager to prove that his market-oriented reform was correct, so he hoped to make a change as soon as possible, and in order to achieve this wish of "transformation as soon as possible," Yeltsin could not wait, so he adopted a radical and quick-acting "shock therapy." Of course, Yeltsin's "pursuit of speed" was only one of the reasons, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia was in financial difficulties and could not afford the heavy financial costs brought about by gradual reforms, so it was also a helpless move to adopt "shock therapy" at that time.
Question two
Why did Zhuge Liang fight in a wheelchair?
We have seen it from almost all film and television dramas: Zhuge Liang always fights in a wheelchair, as shown in the following pictures:
Let me ask: Is Zhuge Liang crippled? Is he half-paralyzed? Why did he sit in a wheelchair to fight?
Today, Lao Feng will tell you the answer.
The answer to this question is actually very simple: because you have been deceived by film and television dramas.
Yes, you have been scammed by movies and television.
In fact, according to the text of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang was not a "wheelchair" at all, but an ancient "four-wheeled vehicle", as shown in the following figures:
As you can see, the "four-wheeled vehicle" that Zhuge Liang sat on back then was an outdoor vehicle modified from a "four-wheeled chariot" and specially given to Wenchen.
Moreover, we can also see that the "four-wheeled vehicle" that Zhuge Liang is sitting on is similar to a horse-drawn carriage and a chariot, and it needs to be pulled by a horse, and it is not the appearance of a "wheelchair" for the disabled at all.
We can refer to the relevant description of the sixty-fourth chapter of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms":
“...... Kong Ming rode a four-wheeled vehicle and fanned out... Zhang Ren saw that Kong Ming's army was not in order... Military academies of all sizes came to kill. Kong Ming abandoned the four-wheeled vehicle, got on his horse and retreated across the bridge......"
It can be seen that Zhuge Liang is sitting on a "four-wheeled vehicle", a "car", not a wheelchair.
So, what is this "four-wheeled vehicle" all about? What is it used for? To put it simply, it goes like this:
In ancient times, military ministers usually rode horses, and Wenchen actually rode horses, but not every Wenchen liked to ride horses, some Wenchen did not like to ride horses, were not used to riding horses, or because they had fallen on horseback, were afraid of riding horses, etc., so in ancient times, there were some civil officials, asking people to imitate the "four-wheeled chariot", build a four-wheeled car, and then use a horse in front, and the civil official sits on the "four-wheeled car", which can avoid the fatigue of riding a horse, in other words, Zhuge Liang's four-wheeled vehicle is horse-drawn, not a wheelchair.
The "four-wheeled car" that civil officials sat on in ancient times was also called "plain car" and "plain car" at that time.
This is the origin of Zhuge Liang taking a "four-wheeled vehicle" to the battlefield to guide the operation.
As for the "wheelchair" in the film and television drama, it is completely made up by the screenwriter's brain, and it is not like that at all, why should the chariot-shaped four-wheeled brain be made into a "wheelchair"? Because the wheelchair looks more elegant and Zhuge Liang is more calm, these are all artistic processing, and their purpose is to highlight Zhuge Liang's difference and extraordinary.
In fact, if you think about it: the soldier pushed Zhuge Liang's extremely inconvenient "wheelchair for the disabled", crossed the mountains and mountains, and arrived at various field battlefields, the difficulty can be imagined, as long as you are a normal person, you will know how ridiculous, how unreliable, and how ungrounded this thing is.
Going deeper, in fact, Zhuge Liang's "four-wheeled car" is not recorded in the official historical material "Three Kingdoms".
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a novel, and "Three Kingdoms" is a history book.
We don't know where the statement that Zhuge Liang took a "four-wheeled car" in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" came from, in the final analysis, since there is no record of "Zhuge Liang riding a four-wheeled car" in the history book "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", then the details of "riding a four-wheeled car" in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are actually very likely to be fictional and fabricated.
Many people take film and television dramas as history, which is a very inadequate. Ring it.