When 56-year-old Aunt Li visited the doctor, she reported paroxysmal chest tightness, chest pain, sweating and other symptoms 6 hours ago, mostly during activities, a total of 3 episodes, each lasting a few seconds, which can be relieved after rest, without other uncomfortable symptoms, and no special treatment.
After learning about Aunt Li's condition, the doctor gave a physical examination and showed that the heart rate and pulse rate were 65 beats per minute, the rhythm was uniform, there was no bulge in the precordial area, the apical pulse was normal, there was no tremor and pericardial friction rub, the dullness of the heart was not enlarged, and no murmur and pericardial friction friction were heard in each valve area.
Subsequently, the doctor performed an electrocardiogram examination on her, which showed abnormal changes in the left ventricular surface of sinus rhythm and ST-T, and performed cardiac color ultrasound examination, which showed segmental defects of left atrial large myocardium, combined with Aunt Li's clinical manifestations, she was preliminarily diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and recommended hospitalization.
After being admitted to the hospital, Aunt Li cooperated with the three myocardial examinations, which showed troponin I.0.01ng/mL, creatine kinase isoenzyme 4.06ng/mL, and myoglobin <30ng/mL, all of which were within the normal range.
Combined with the results of other relevant examinations, the doctor considered that the effect of drug treatment was ideal, and carried out regular drug treatment after communicating with Aunt Li.
After 7 days of drug treatment, Aunt Li's chest tightness, chest pain, and sweating symptoms basically disappeared, during which there was no atrial fibrillation, the physical examination showed that the rhythm was aligned, there was no bulge in the precordial area, and the apical pulse was normal.
Doctors remind that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common type of cardiac hypertrophy and is a cardiomyopathy characterized by asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy, smaller ventricular cavity, obstruction of left ventricular filling, and decreased diastolic compliance.
The disease has a certain hereditary nature, about 50% of patients have an obvious family history, patients often present with palpitations, chest pain, exertional dyspnea and other symptoms, if accompanied by outflow obstruction, dizziness, syncope and other symptoms, so once the above uncomfortable symptoms appear, patients should pay attention to timely medical treatment to avoid serious adverse consequences.
Cardiovascular disease has become a major public health problem that threatens the lives and health of people on the mainland.
In recent years, cardiovascular disease has been the title of "the world's number one health killer", causing 4 million deaths in mainland China every year, accounting for more than 40% of the total deaths, and 2 out of every 5 deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases.
However, with the continuous improvement of living standards, unhealthy lifestyles have pushed up the number of cardiovascular diseases, especially these five factors directly affect our vascular health.
5 factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease
1. Unhealthy diet: With the gradual improvement of living standards, people's dietary structure is also quietly changing, some people in daily life, the diet structure is unreasonable, love to eat high-calorie, high-fat food, which to a certain extent, will make their weight gain, but also will make blood pressure rise, glucose tolerance is impaired, easy to cause cardiovascular disease, not conducive to physical health.
2. Lack of exercise: Many office workers need to sit in the office for a long time, the amount of exercise is very small, and the body is not effectively exercised, which will not only make the body gradually fall into a sub-health state, but also increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
3. Smoking and drinking too much: Some data show that tobacco contains a large number of harmful substances, including nicotine and other substances will increase the incidence of myocardial infarction, and drinking alcohol will affect people's heart rhythm, if drinking too much, it will cause irregular heartbeat and increase the possibility of cardiovascular disease.
4. High mental pressure: In modern society, many people's work and family pressure are increasing, and the work intensity is also relatively large, so that the spirit is under greater pressure, and the mental state of maintaining a high concentration for a long time is not conducive to physical health.
5. High blood lipids: Some data show that high blood pressure, high triglycerides, high cholesterol, etc. will increase the incidence of arteriosclerosis, thrombosis and other diseases, and increase the possibility of cardiovascular diseases.
How can we postpone cardiovascular disease by 10 years? Try to do these 7 things
According to the research and analysis of the 2023 "Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in China", if the "primary prevention" work is actively done, the onset of cardiovascular diseases can be postponed by ten years.
1
Eat a reasonable diet
In daily life, increasing the intake of fiber such as fresh vegetables, whole grains, and whole grains, reducing saturated fat, reducing salt for cooking and condiments, controlling cholesterol and carbohydrate intake, and avoiding trans fats can help reverse or alleviate obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and hypertension, as well as cardiovascular disease prevention.
(1) Increase the intake of fresh vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains and fish, studies have shown that an increase of 7g of total daily dietary fiber intake can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 9%, while an increase of 10g of dietary fiber per day can reduce the risk of moderate heart disease by 16% and the risk of type 2 diabetes by 6%.
(2) Limit excessive sodium intake, no more than 5g of salt per day, and eat less salty (pickled) vegetables, fermented bean curd, preserved eggs and other pickled products.
(3) Limit excessive cholesterol intake, replace saturated fat with unsaturated fat, Chinese and foreign dietary guidelines recommend that the daily intake of saturated fatty acids should not exceed 10% of total calories, and patients with hypercholesterolemia are recommended to control it below 7%.
Studies have found that high intake of saturated fatty acids is an important risk factor for the increase of blood cholesterol and triglycerides and the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
Saturated fatty acids are mostly found in animal fats and milk fat, these foods are also rich in cholesterol, coconut oil, cottonseed oil and cocoa butter in plant foods contain a lot of saturated fatty acids, and the more common unsaturated fatty acid foods in life are olive oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, etc.
(4) Avoid trans fats (acids), studies have shown that a daily intake of 2% more trans fatty acids will increase the risk of coronary heart disease by 23%.
Trans fatty acids are mainly produced during the hydrogenation (hardening) of vegetable oils, so they are mainly found in margarine and baked goods, including crackers, bread, fast food (e.g. french fries, fish, onion rings), margarine, etc.
(5) Carbohydrate intake provides 50%~55% of daily energy, eat more high-quality carbohydrates such as whole grains, and eat less polished rice, fine noodles and added sugar.
2
Keep moving
Moderate- to high-intensity physical activity is associated with reduced cardiovascular events and mortality.
It is recommended that adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (e.g., running, brisk walking, swimming, cycling, etc.) or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity or an equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity per week.
Moderate or 150 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
3
Control your weight
Obesity is the "mastermind" behind cardiovascular disease.
Studies have found that the prevalence of hypertension in patients with a BMI of ≥ 24 is 3~4 times that of those with a BMI of less than 24, while the mortality rate of obesity due to coronary heart disease attacks can reach 30%~40% of the total case fatality rate.
4
Stay away from tobacco
Smoking is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality, and the higher the amount and duration of smoking, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, and adolescents should stay away from tobacco.
In addition, exposure to secondhand smoke also increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke, and studies have shown that the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke increases by 20%~30% after non-smokers are exposed to secondhand smoke.
5
Control alcohol intake
Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of death and cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction and heart failure.
Studies have shown that those with a weekly alcohol intake of less than 100 g have the lowest risk of death, and the incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, fatal hypertensive disease, and aortic aneurysm increases with increasing alcohol consumption above that.
Patients with high blood pressure are advised not to drink alcohol, such as drinking alcohol with a daily alcohol intake of no more than 25g for men and 15g for women.
6
Get a healthy night's sleep
Staying up late or not getting enough sleep for a long time will lead to over-excitation of sympathetic nerves, increased release of catecholamines, and myocardial ischemia such as rapid heartbeat, vasoconstriction, and increased myocardial oxygen consumption.
Studies have shown that short sleep time increases the risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease and heart failure, while the risk of cardiovascular disease is significantly reduced in people who maintain 7~8 hours of adequate sleep time and good quality every day.
7
Maintain a good mood
Excessive worry, depression and nervousness can easily cause the constriction of peripheral blood vessels in the human body, increase the heart rate, increase the burden on the heart, and increase blood pressure, which in turn induces stroke, acute myocardial infarction and heart failure.
Maintaining an optimistic mood helps to maintain cardiovascular health, and when you feel depressed, you should learn to shift your attention and relax your emotions in a relaxed and pleasant way, so as to avoid emotional ups and downs, stimulate the heart to increase the heartbeat, make the blood vessels constrict, and increase blood pressure.
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[4] Yao Liying.How to prevent cardiovascular disease[J].Chinese Ethnic Folk Medicine,2009,11:59.
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