April 15-21, 2024 is the National Cancer Prevention and Treatment Publicity Week, and the theme of this year's Publicity Week is "Comprehensive Policies for Scientific Cancer Prevention". Ten years have passed, the theme of the Cancer Awareness Week is different every year, and the cancer spectrum in Tianjin has also changed a lot.
According to the tumor surveillance data of Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the top five malignant tumors in Tianjin in 2013 were lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. In 2023, the top five malignant tumors in Tianjin are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer and gastric cancer.
It can be seen that in the past ten years, lung cancer has been in the first place in the incidence order and the incidence rate has increased, the ranking of colorectal cancer has increased from the fourth to the second place and the incidence rate has increased, although the ranking of breast cancer has decreased but the incidence rate is still increasing, thyroid cancer has entered the top five in the incidence order since 2017, and the ranking of liver cancer has declined.
Fig. 1 Incidence of the top five malignant tumors in Tianjin in 2013 and 2023 (1/100,000)
There is a large gender difference in the spectrum of incidence between males and females.
Among the male residents of Tianjin, the top five malignant tumors in 2013 were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and bladder cancer, and in 2023, the top five malignant tumors of male residents in Tianjin were lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and prostate cancer.
It can be seen that in the past ten years, lung cancer has been ranked first in the male incidence and the incidence has increased, the ranking of colorectal cancer has increased from the fourth to the second and the incidence has increased, the ranking of liver cancer and bladder cancer has decreased, and the ranking of prostate cancer has increased.
Fig. 2 Incidence of the top five malignant tumors among male residents in Tianjin in 2013 and 2023 (1/100,000)
Among female residents in Tianjin, the top five malignant tumors in 2013 were lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and cervical cancer, and in 2023, the top five malignant tumors in female residents in Tianjin were breast cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer and uterine body cancer.
It can be seen that ten years later, breast cancer surpassed lung cancer and ranked first in the female incidence order, although the ranking of colorectal cancer has decreased, the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased, the ranking of liver cancer and cervical cancer has decreased, and the ranking of thyroid cancer has increased.
Fig. 3 Incidence of the top five malignant tumors among female residents in Tianjin in 2013 and 2023 (1/100,000)
The changes in the incidence and cancer spectrum of cancer in Tianjin in the past decade may be related to the impact of economic and social development, population aging, lifestyle, environmental factors, mental stress and other comprehensive effects, and it is also the transition period to developed countries. We can see that the rankings of liver cancer (hepatitis B virus infection) and cervical cancer (human papillomavirus infection) related to chronic infection have decreased, and the rankings of colorectal cancer and female breast cancer, which are related to modern lifestyles, have increased. Colorectal cancer may be related to poor eating habits that are high in fat and low in dietary fiber, lack of exercise, sedentary lifestyle, and other factors. Female breast cancer may be related to factors such as lifestyle, aging, mental stress, and late childbearing. The increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in men may be related to factors such as population aging.
However, no matter how the cancer spectrum changes, it is an indisputable fact that the incidence of cancer is severe. In addition to improving diet, maintaining a good lifestyle, reasonably relieving bad emotions and treating chronic infections, regular cancer prevention check-ups and timely screening are effective means.
The Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the National Office of Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer jointly released a research result in The Lancet - Global Health, summarizing the core knowledge of 23 most common carcinogenic factors in Chinese. Residents and friends, please carefully check the following table according to your own situation, let us avoid risk factors, be the first responsible person for your own health, and stay away from cancer!
Source: Tianjin CDC