What material is used for hot forging dies
1. It has been included in the national standard hot work die steel
The hot work die steel series has been included in the national standard "GB/T1299-2000 alloy tool steel", which can be divided into W series, CR-mo series, CR-w-mo series and other types according to the main chemical composition.
3CR2W8V (H21) steel, with high thermal strength, high thermal stability, good wear resistance and process performance, working temperature up to 650°C.
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Disadvantages: Serious carbide segregation, poor plasticity, toughness, thermal conductivity, cold and heat fatigue resistance and dissolution resistance. The mainland was introduced from the former Soviet Union in the 50s of the 20th century, with a short service life, high alloying degree and high cost, and has been basically eliminated abroad. Due to the limitations of steel grades and technology, the mainland is still producing and using it in large quantities.
4CR5MOSIV (H11) and 4CR5MOSIV1 (H13) steel have high hardenability and hardenability, high toughness, high thermal strength and wear resistance, uniform distribution of carbides in the use temperature of 590 steel, good cold and hot fatigue resistance and dissolution resistance, and good cold and hot processing performance. H13 steel (improved version of H11 steel) is the main material of hot heading forging steel and cold heading die sleeve in China, and it is also a hot work die steel with strong versatility, which is an ideal steel to replace 3CR2W8V steel, and the life can be increased by 2-3 times.
4CR3MO3SIV (H10) steel has high toughness, high resistance to high temperature softening and medium level of wear resistance.
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It can replace 3CR2W8V steel to make hot extrusion die. The thermal stability of 4CR5W2VSI steel is higher than that of H13 and H21 steel, and the toughness is between H13 and H21. Proper high-speed upsetting forging die, the service life is 0.5-1 times higher than that of H21 steel.
3CR3MO3W2V (HM1) steel has excellent strength and toughness, high thermal strength, wear resistance, tempering stability, cold and heat fatigue resistance, good cold and hot processing performance, and the working temperature is above 700 °C. The steel has strong versatility, suitable for making molds working under high temperature, high speed, high load, quenching and hot conditions, and its performance is better than 4CR5W2VSI and 3CR2W8V steel, and the mold life is 2-3 times higher than that of 3CR2W8V steel.
5CR4W5MOV (RM2) steel has a working temperature of up to 700°C, has high tempering resistance and thermal stability, high thermal strength, high temperature hardness and wear resistance, but its toughness and thermal fatigue resistance are lower than H13 steel. It is suitable for making hot work molds with high high temperature strength and anti-wear performance, which can replace 3CR2W8V steel, and the mold life can be increased by 2-4 times. 5CR4MO3SIMNVAL (012AI) steel has a working temperature of more than 700 °C, and has high thermal strength, high temperature hardness, temper resistance, wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance, good toughness and hot processing plasticity, and good nitriding performance. It can replace 3CR2W8V steel mold life, which can be increased by 3-5 times.
2. Some hot work die steel series have been included in the ministerial standards
4CR40MO2WSIV (YB/T210-1976) steel has high thermal stability, toughness, wear resistance and crack resistance, and its stability is better than that of 4CR5W2VSI and 4CR5MOSIV1 steel, which is similar to that of 3CR2W8V steel.
3CR2W8MOV (JB/T6399-1992) steel is an improved version of 3CR2W8V steel. 3CR3MO3VNB (HB5137-1980) steel is an ultra-high strength and toughness hot work die steel, which has higher high temperature toughness, thermal stability, thermal strength, wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance than 4CR5MOSIV1, 4CR5W2VSI and 3CR2W8V steel at higher than 600 °C, and has good cold and hot processing performance.
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Key points of industrial aluminum extrusion die design
1. The size and deviation of the aluminum profile
The size and deviation of the aluminum profile are determined by the extrusion die, extrusion equipment and other related process factors.
2. Choose the right tonnage of aluminum extruder
The selection of extruder tonnage is mainly determined according to the extrusion ratio. If the extrusion ratio is lower than 10, the mechanical properties of the aluminum profile product are low, and if the extrusion ratio is too high, the aluminum profile product is prone to defects such as surface roughness and angle deviation. Solid aluminum profiles are often recommended to have an extrusion ratio of about 30, and hollow aluminum profiles are about 45.
3. The shape of the extrusion die is determined
The external dimensions of the extrusion die refer to the outer diameter and thickness of the extrusion die. The dimensions of the extrusion die are determined by the size, weight and strength of the profile section.
4. Determination of the size of the die hole of the extrusion die
For aluminum profiles with large wall thickness differences, the thin-walled parts and sharp corners of the edges that are difficult to form should be appropriately enlarged, and for the die holes of flat-width thin-walled profiles and wall plate profiles with large width-to-thickness ratios, the size of the truss part can be designed according to the general profile, and the size of the web thickness, in addition to considering the factors listed in the formula, also need to consider the elastic deformation and plastic deformation and overall bending of the extrusion die, and the distance from the center of the extrusion cylinder. In addition, the extrusion speed, the presence or absence of traction devices, etc., also have a certain impact on the size of the die hole.