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In recent years, the relationship between Italy and China has presented complex dynamics on the international stage.
Especially since Italy joined China's Belt and Road Initiative in 2019, this relationship has become an important focus of global economic and political interaction.
However, with domestic and foreign political pressure and a strategic revaluation, Italy opted out of the project in 2021.
Today, as the Italian government seeks to reactivate economic and trade relations with China, we find things much more complicated than they seem.
Italy's policymakers had hoped that by joining the Belt and Road Initiative, it would boost domestic economic growth, especially in the areas of infrastructure, energy and transport.
At that time, Italy became the first member of the G7 to sign up to the initiative, a decision seen as a strategic breakthrough that is expected to attract Chinese investment and thus stimulate the recovery of the Italian economy.
The data shows that in the first year of the signing of the agreement, the bilateral trade volume between Italy and China did increase, with Italian exports to China increasing by 15%, showing initial positive effects.
However, political risks and changes in international relations soon challenged this decision.
Critics at home and abroad point to growing political and security concerns despite economic growth.
Among the most common concerns of criticism were potential threats to national security and the possibility of excessive influence by China.
These concerns eventually led the Italian government to reassess its decision to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative and eventually announced its withdrawal in 2021.
After exiting, Italy faces the challenge of recalibrating its China policy.
The government realizes that, despite the political risks, China remains a global economic force to be reckoned with.
In order to balance economic interests with national security, the Italian government has begun to explore new ways of cooperation to promote bilateral trade and investment, without having to rely solely on the Belt and Road Initiative.
Recently, a number of high-level Italian officials have begun to visit China to discuss possible new cooperation projects and trade deals.
These discussions include cooperation in areas such as renewable energy, high-tech manufacturing, and cultural exchanges.
In addition, the Italian government is also actively seeking to attract Chinese investors to participate in its domestic infrastructure projects, especially in the transport and energy sectors, hoping to stimulate the economy and increase employment through these measures.
However, restarting relations with China is not without obstacles.
On the one hand, Italy needs to ensure that any new agreement enjoys broad support at home and abroad, especially in safeguarding national security and economic sovereignty.
On the other hand, Italy also needs to find its place in a broader international political environment, especially given its relations with the United States and the European Union.
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