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Text: Canghai
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introduction
From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the Northeast region has been in a state of war, and in this case, the beard group has developed little by little.
"Beard" is actually what we often call bandits, in many literary works and film and television dramas, this kind of person is usually portrayed as drinking wine and eating meat, full of gold and silver, but in fact, the living standard of beard is really not so high.
They basically rely on coarse grains like wowotou to satisfy their hunger, and then serve some pickled pickles. If you encounter the situation of successfully smashing the kiln, you can satisfy your cravings and eat something good, which is still different from what you see on TV.
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1. Classification of beards
In order to escape the government's encirclement and suppression, Hu Zi usually hides in the deep mountains and old forests, and only comes out once in a while to rob the house, and then returns to the ravine to nest. In this way, they will be too lazy to take care of their long beards, so in addition to bandits, beard is the most common name among the people at that time.
There is another explanation as to where the beard came from. In order to prevent the sand and gravel from flowing out, the beard covered the nozzle with a wooden cork when it was not on fire, and there was a string of red tassels on the cork.
Because the red tassel is very similar to the man's beard, it is named, so the beard is also called the red beard. Individual bandits are called beards, and bandit groups composed of beards are called locks, which is actually similar to the meaning of gangs.
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Although each strand has its own name, such as "flying on the grass", "an iron whip", etc., in general, there are basically two types of beards: professional and non-professional.
Non-professional people are actually some "retail investors", who usually grab some food from ordinary people. Most of them are because the family is too poor to eat, so they simply make a beard that can be mixed with a mouthful of food, and even the family will not starve to death.
Another kind of professional beard is more powerful, they burn and loot as their main livelihood, basically this kind of beard is the master of the murderous nature, once offended they will have the possibility of losing their lives.
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At that time, there were many rumors about professional beards. It is said that when a young man was herding cattle at night and heard his family telling him not to sleep too hard and to be careful of his beard, he shouted loudly and disapprovingly, thinking that there was nothing to be afraid of and that he must not kill himself.
His voice was loud, and he happened to be heard by a professional beard passing by, and the next day the cow baby went out and did not come back. It was only a few days later that his body was found in a ravine, and the two cows he had been released were missing.
However, whether it is a professional or non-professional beard, the food standard is not high, and if you want to satisfy your cravings and eat some good wine and meat, you can only wait to "smash the kiln".
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Second, the real diet
is different from the film and television dramas, these beards who live by robbing their families and robbing their homes usually eat basically not so rich.
Generally speaking, the basic food for beard is coarse grains such as wowotou, sorghum rice or small rice, and then with pickled radish, cabbage, and eggplant, and this is the solution for one meal.
Some people may wonder if these bearded men live by robbing? How can they rob others and only eat bran vegetables?
In fact, the crowd that can really grab the ordinary beard is the local ordinary people. Because there is basically no danger in robbing these people, if they are robbed, they consider themselves unlucky.
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If you go to rob those dignitaries, the local government and security department will immediately encircle and suppress them, otherwise they will not hide in the deep mountains and old forests and dare not come out.
Again, the beard can't even get into these people's homes.
Wealthy families basically lived in the city, and it was in the turbulent era at that time, and families with a little money would be equipped with a group of caretakers. If you are a powerful person, you will be equipped with powerful weapons, and your beard will hold the lowest sand gun, how can you compare with others?
Therefore, those who have fine grains and good things are not able to enter and dare not enter, and those who can grab food without risk usually only have those coarse grains in their homes.
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However, there are also bold professional beards who dare to go to the hard, and they want to eat something good at the risk, but they do not dare to go to the homes of those rich business officials, and choose to attack some kilns that burn bricks and tiles or pottery.
In addition to this kind of kiln, in general, some rich people in some villages will build some fortifications to defend the beard, which is also called kiln.
Therefore, there are basically these two types of kilns smashed by beards. After the kiln of the first type of work was destroyed, the beard could not only get some food and supplies, but also harvest pottery, bricks and tiles.
The other is to smash the kilns in the homes of these rich people, although there is a certain risk, but the treasure obtained is much more than the first one.
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Those who dare to smash this kind of kiln are generally professional beards, and the kind of locks that burn and loot as their main business are very fierce, and they dare not attack the big families in the city, but it is more than enough to deal with the little rich people in the village.
Generally, the beard that has been successfully smashed down by this kind of kiln will set up a pot on the spot and start to satisfy their hunger, kill chickens, pigs and cattle, so that their appetites can be fully satisfied.
However, this kind of opportunity does not come often, even the most murderous professional beard has to be shot after a while, otherwise it will also attract government personnel to suppress bandits.
On the other hand, although this kind of professional beard is ruthless, they also have their own "professional ethics", and some groups cannot rob them.
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3. The rules of the beard
First of all, the beard does not stick to the car of red and white ceremonies, not because they are "righteous", but because the beard thinks that robbing this kind of family will bring him bad luck.
This is followed by the postman and the teacher. In the old society, both types of people were considered very poor, and beards did not benefit from them.
And for the beards, the postman can sometimes help him deliver something or a message to the house, so he will never rob them.
The third type of group that cannot be robbed by beards is people outside the square, generally speaking, monks, Taoist priests and the like.
(Taoist)
The first reason why he does not rob such people is that he does not rob the car for red and white ceremonies, and Hu Zi thinks that robbing such a person who has been far away from the world will be retributional and unlucky.
On the other hand, Hu Zi worshiped the "Bodhidharma Ancestor" as his ancestor, thinking that if he robbed those monks or Taoist priests, it would be easy to anger the ancestor who was also a foreigner, so Hu Zi did not dare to do this kind of "deceiving the teacher and destroying the ancestor".
Another kind of people who will not be robbed of their beards are the widows and lonely people in the village. They are either widows, or old people in their last years, and some have been beaten all their lives as old singles, and they have no children and no daughters for a lifetime.
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The last type not to be robbed by the beard is the coffin shop. After all, everyone has that day, when the beard is at the end, his brother or family will have to come to this place to buy a coffin for burial, so the beard thinks that it is taboo to rob this kind of shop.
After the Northeast was invaded by the Japanese army, some bearded men entered the army to participate in the anti-Japanese war, and some bearded men became traitors and defected to the Japanese. In general, the fate of the Northeast Beard is not very good.
Resources
Wang Zhiju.Northeast Bandit Secret[J].Legal Expo(Famous Forum, Classic Essays), 2011(17):1.
LI Yanzhe,GAO Yang.The Transmutation of Bandits in Modern Northeast China[J].Journal of Chifeng University:Chinese Philosophy and Social Science, 2010(7):3.)