Mr. Song, 54 years old, has had pain and discomfort in the right upper abdomen for nearly half a month, accompanied by loss of appetite and emaciation, and has lost about 10 pounds in the past 2~3 months.
At the time of the consultation, Mr. Song reported that he usually had the habit of drinking heavily for a long time, at least half a catty of liquor every day, and had been drinking for 30 years.
After learning about Mr. Song's condition, the doctor conducted liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound examinations for him, and the liver function showed that the liver function was basically normal, but the abdominal B ultrasound found that the patient's right liver had a tumor, which was highly suspected to be liver cancer, and the doctor admitted him to the hospital after explaining his condition to Mr. Song.
After being admitted to the hospital, Mr. Song further improved the examination, and found that the AFP was significantly increased by >3000, and it was highly suspected that it was primary liver cancer, and at the same time, the virus screening was improved to rule out viral hepatitis, and then the enhanced magnetic resonance examination was further improved, and it was found that the diameter of a single tumor in the right liver was about 4cm, and no clear tumor was found in the other livers. Under general anesthesia, the doctor performed a liver cancer resection on Mr. Song, and the liver was found to be alcoholic cirrhosis, and the liver tumor was completely resected along about 1cm outside the tumor margin, and the postoperative pathology also suggested that it was hepatocellular carcinoma.
Mr. Song recovered successfully after surgery and was discharged from the hospital after 2 weeks of hospitalization.
The doctor reminded that liver cancer is known as "silent cancer", because the liver itself lacks pain nerves, and the compensatory ability of liver cells is very strong, even if only about half of the healthy liver cells remain, the liver can work as usual, so most liver cancers have developed to an advanced stage when they are found.
Alcohol consumption is one of the important risk factors for liver cancer, and if patients drink a lot of alcohol for a long time, they will gradually develop alcoholic cirrhosis, and on the basis of alcoholic cirrhosis, it may develop into liver cancer.
Therefore, if there are patients who have been drinking heavily for a long time, the first thing they need to do is to strictly abstain from alcohol, and at the same time regularly review liver function, abdominal B ultrasound, abdominal CT, etc., and if liver tumors are found, they should be treated in time.
Cancer, like a person's temperament, is diverse.
Different cancers have their own "little personalities", some are taciturn, some are frank and straightforward, some are stupid and honest, some are gentle and kind, and some are fickle and fierce......
Some tumors have their own "unique personality", and early detection and intervention are one of the effective means to stop the spread of cancer.
01
The most silent cancer, liver cancer
The liver is a "silent" organ, also known as a "dumb organ" because it does not have the same distinct ability to feel and respond as other organs physiologically.
The liver does not have pain nerves, so even in the event of severe illness or injury, it will not feel significant pain, which is one of the reasons why many liver diseases have no obvious symptoms in the early stage and are easily overlooked.
Although the occurrence of liver damage is often silent and imperceptible, it is not without "clues".
Typical symptoms of liver cancer: pain, fever, and fatigue in the liver area (right upper abdomen).
As the tumor enlarges and causes tension in the liver capsule, patients may present with abdominal pain, most commonly in the right upper quadrant, which is often intermittent or persistent dull, dull, or distention, and worsens as the disease progresses.
It is more common, mostly persistent low-grade fever, mostly between 37.5°C~38°C, and can also be irregular or intermittent, persistent or flaccid hyperthermia.
Systemic weakness, fatigue, short-term weight loss, and a small number of patients with advanced disease may present with cachexia.
Prevention suggestions: do not drink too much, do not stay up late, do not take medicine indiscriminately, do not eat moldy food, get vaccinated against hepatitis B on time, and have regular check-ups and treatment of chronic liver diseases.
02
The most introverted cancer, pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer, known as the "king of cancers", is a highly malignant tumor, and is also known as the "most introverted" cancer, which is "secluded" deep in the abdominal cavity, difficult to find, easy to metastasize, difficult to treat, and has a poor prognosis.
It is almost invisible in general routine examinations, and even ultrasound sometimes makes it difficult to detect small pancreatic tumors in the early stage, and its deterioration rate is relatively rapid compared to other cancers, and it usually takes only a few months to 1 year to develop from early to middle and advanced stages.
Moreover, the early symptoms of pancreatic cancer are camouflaged, because the pancreas is adjacent to the stomach, duodenum, common bile duct and other organs, and the most obvious early manifestation is the digestive tract symptoms, which are often mistaken for stomach diseases, thus missing the opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment.
Typical symptoms: vague epigastric pain, jaundice, weight loss, blood sugar fluctuations
60%~80% of pancreatic cancer patients have epigastric pain in the early stage, which is mainly manifested as vague pain in the upper abdomen or an indescribable uncomfortable feeling, but there is no rhythm, sometimes mild and sometimes severe, the pain will be aggravated at night or in the supine position, and the pain will be reduced when sitting, standing, leaning forward and flexing position, and this positional pain is almost some symptoms unique to pancreatic cancer.
As the disease progresses, symptoms gradually worsen and may radiate to the lower back, and patients may experience paroxysmal cramps or persistent dull pain, sometimes with a dull ache that progressively worsens.
Jaundice is one of the more common symptoms of pancreatic cancer, especially in pancreatic cancer of the head of the pancreas, jaundice will have distinctive characteristics, showing continuous and progressive deepening, with the aggravation of jaundice, the patient's urine will become yellow, dark, strong tea-like changes, the color of the stool will become lighter, whiter, white clay, and there will also be itching of the skin all over the body.
About 80% of pancreatic cancer patients will experience significant weight loss and weight loss in a short period of time, sometimes up to more than ten catties or even dozens of catties.
Studies in the United States show that about 40% of pancreatic cancer patients will be diagnosed with diabetes within a few months before they are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
Prevention suggestions: develop good living habits to prevent overwork, eat regularly, reduce the intake of high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, quit smoking and limit alcohol, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, control weight, avoid obesity, and have regular check-ups for patients with a history of pancreatic cancer or family history of diabetes.
03
The most frank cancer, prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is considered to be a relatively non-fatal cancer, which grows slowly, causes less damage to the human body, is not prone to distant metastasis, and has a generally better prognosis after standardized treatment.
The "frankness" of prostate cancer is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, there are often traces to follow in the early stage, and second, it has a more unique marker to track - prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
If patients receive effective treatment, the 5-year survival rate can reach more than 90%~95%.
Typical symptoms: difficulty urinating, waiting to urinate, labor, thin urine line, and some are accompanied by symptoms of frequent urination and urgency
The voiding dysfunction of prostate cancer patients is generally gradual or rapidly worsening in a short period of time, manifested as frequent urination, labored urination, thinning of the urine line, feeling of incomplete urination, increased nocturia, difficulty urinating, overflow urinary incontinence, and even recurrent urinary retention, which is sometimes misdiagnosed as urinary tract infection or prostatitis.
Prevention suggestions: avoid high-fat diet, cadmium, herbicides and other undetermined factors, control weight, avoid obesity, 40~45 years old male friends, it is recommended to have a serum PSA level test once a year.
04
The kindest cancer, thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer is called the "kindest" cancer in clinical practice, and it is also called "happy cancer" by many people, and a small number of people even think that it is not enough to be called cancer, mainly because it has a low degree of malignancy, and the disease progression process is relatively slow, and the chance of treatment is greater.
Patients with early-stage thyroid cancer are generally treated with radical surgery, and most of them can be completely cured without affecting their lifespan.
Typical symptoms: painless neck lump or nodule, difficulty breathing, hoarseness
The hard, painless lump is one of the common symptoms of thyroid cancer, and patients can usually feel the lump and lump.
Some thyroid cancer lumps can compress the airways, causing the trachea to become deformed, which in turn affects breathing and causes symptoms of poor breathing.
It is usually the cancer that invades the recurrent laryngeal nerve, causing hoarseness.
Prevention suggestions: Regulate emotions correctly, avoid physical fatigue, pay attention to stay away from radiation damage in life, and consume iodized salt in moderation.
05
The most stupid cancer, colorectal cancer
Bowel cancer is a "fool's cancer" because the pre-stage of bowel cancer is different from the latent cancer, and the symptoms are relatively easy to find, and if the patient can be detected and treated in time at an early stage, it can be effectively controlled.
Studies have found that more than 90% of bowel cancer is caused by malignant transformation of intestinal polyps, from polyps to cancer, the whole process is very long, it takes at least 5~10 years, if you can do a colonoscopy during this period, you can greatly reduce the risk of cancer, and the survival rate of early colorectal cancer can reach 90%~95% after 5 years after resection.
Typical symptoms: change in the shape of the stool (thinning of the stool), bloody stool, mucus stool, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, abdominal pain
(1) Change in the shape of the stool: The patient presents with unformed stool, becoming thin, thinning of the stool, or mucus pus and bloody stool, and some patients will have black stool.
Bright red blood stains found in the stool are one of the most common early symptoms of colorectal cancer, but they can be easily confused with hemorrhoidal bleeding.
This is one of the most striking features of colorectal cancer patients, and this type of diarrhea alternates with constipation.
Prevention suggestions: appropriate activity, avoid sedentary lifestyle, scientific exercise, weight control, diet pay attention to more dietary fiber intake, drink more water, early screening.
06
Milder cancer, breast cancer
Breast cancer is the number one "beauty killer" in women, it occurs in the breast tissue, and while it is true that breast cancer can have a negative impact on the health of patients, it does not mean that it is a fatal disease.
If detected early, the 5-year survival rate can be as high as 90%, making it a milder form of cancer.
Typical symptoms: breast lump or skin abnormality, abnormal nipple discharge
Generally, it is a single lump, and there is no painful feeling, the texture is relatively hard to the touch, and the surface is not smooth, the boundaries are not clear, and the range of motion is poor.
Changes in the skin tissue of the breast area, such as wrinkles, the appearance of the skin like orange peel, or mild edema in the area.
Non-lactating women who are not breastfeeding should be vigilant if they notice an abnormal discharge of fluid from their nipples, especially pus, coffee-colored or bloody fluid, and should go to the hospital for examination.
Prevention recommendations: appropriate age to give birth, breastfeeding, maintain a happy mood, learn to regulate stress, avoid day and night reversal and overwork, high-risk groups are recommended to start regular breast cancer screening before the age of 40, and the frequency of screening is recommended once a year.
Bibliography:
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[2] Chinese Academy of Sciences, covering a population of 380 million!National Cancer Center released 2022 national cancer statistics[EB/OL].2022-03-20/2023-04-10.
[3] Wang Xiaofeng, editor-in-chief, Urological Diseases[M].China Medical Science and Technology Press.2004.
[4] Wang Shusong, Ma Jing (ed.)Male fertility and reproductive health care[M].Hebei Science and Technology Press,2017.
Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2015:205-338.
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