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In 1969, the Soviet Union invaded Zhenbao Island, China fought back, and the Soviet Union was so angry that it wanted to use nuclear weapons!
In the face of China's stubborn resistance, the Soviet Union finally realized the threat and even expressed its readiness to carry out a "surgical" nuclear strike on China during a meeting with the United States.
However, China did not show panic when it received this news, but instead strengthened the process of self-defense and counterattack in the Zhenbao Island area, and all parts of the country urgently entered a state of readiness.
In the face of the Soviet Union's repeated aggressions, where did China have the confidence to fight a war? At that time, the Soviet Union possessed the most advanced nuclear weapons in the world, and was it really not afraid that the Soviet Union would be embarrassed and angry and use a nuclear strike?
During World War II, the Soviet Union and the mainland used to be an "unbreakable brotherly friendship," and Sino-Soviet relations could be described as indestructible, but why did the Soviet Union turn its guns on the mainland after the founding of the People's Republic of China?
In fact, the contradictions between China and the Soviet Union began to appear frequently as early as the early 50s, and the contradictions between China and the Soviet Union can be roughly classified into three points.
First, in the early 50s of the last century, the Soviet Union held the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and this meeting was the earliest manifestation of the contradictions between China and the Soviet Union.
At that time, the Soviet Union had just undergone a great purge, and Khrushchev came to power completely repudiating Stalin's line and policy and conducting a profound analysis of his personality cult in his later years.
During the four-hour meeting, Khrushchev fully exposed the serious consequences of Stalin's personality cult and published the report of the conference internationally.
When reading this report, the Chinese side had a different view on the conclusions given by Khrushchev.
The party Central Committee headed by Chairman Mao, the leader of the mainland, unanimously held that the evaluation of Stalin should not be carried out with a stick, and that Stalin's line and policy were still recognized by communism.
In order to ease the stalemate and prevent the emergence of contradictions, China and the Soviet Union signed the Moscow Declaration in Moscow in 1957 with the purpose of "peaceful transition."
Although the declaration had been signed, the incident still became a foreshadowing for the Sino-Soviet war.
In order to maintain the stability of Sino-Soviet relations, China has always respected the Soviet Union as an ally in the international community, but has not made concessions on the issue of territory and sovereignty.
The second trigger for the sharp decline in Sino-Soviet relations, that is, the reason why Sino-Soviet relations fell to a freezing point, was that the Soviet Union intended to invade and occupy mainland territory and repeatedly violated China's borders.
To say that on the principled issue of safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity, the mainland has really shown an absolutely strong posture, even in the face of the world's leading superpowers.
In April 1958, the Soviet Minister of Defense corresponded with Marshal Peng Dehuai about the establishment of a long-wave radio station in southern China to control their military power in the Pacific.
Marshal Peng Dehuai, then Minister of National Defense of the mainland, did not respond in a timely manner to the Soviet request, but reported the matter to the Party Central Committee.
In July of the same year, the Soviet Union again attempted to enter the territory of the mainland and interfere in the internal affairs of the mainland under the pretext of building a common fleet.
This behavior of the Soviet Union was tantamount to a clever and reckless seizure based on the surface, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China under the leadership of Chairman Mao immediately rejected the Soviet Union's two proposals.
After this incident, it can be said that Sino-Soviet relations entered a stage of open and covert struggle, and at the meetings of the Comintern, the contest between China and the Soviet Union was surging and they refused to give in to each other.
At that time, China and the Soviet Union accused each other of having problems with their political systems at international conferences, and the Soviet Union even became angry and withdrew all aid to China.
At that time, the actions of the Soviet Union had a very great impact on the economic construction of the mainland, and the mainland economy ran a fiscal deficit for a time, and a large-scale campaign was launched in the country to solve this problem.
Seeing that China's domestic financial problems and scientific and technological problems were gradually being resolved, the Soviet Union felt deeply threatened, and it repeatedly satirized China at international conferences, both openly and covertly.
At the diplomatic conference, China and the Soviet Union went toe-to-toe with each other, trampled on each other's bottom line on the issue of national dignity, and accused each other's political systems of violating the original intentions of the Comintern.
The Soviet Union's criticism of the mainland as "dogmatism" at international conferences will not be flexible, and the Chinese side has accused the Soviet Union of "revisionism" in the international community.
Due to the long-term antagonism, border conflicts between the two countries inevitably emerged, which triggered a self-defense counterattack on Zhenbao Island to defend China's national sovereignty and fight back against the Soviet Union by force.
2.
In 1969, China launched a fierce counterattack on Zhenbao Island and continued to gain the upper hand.
When all weapons and equipment are inferior to those of the Soviet Union, where is China's confidence to calmly face the war? Once the Soviet Union uses nuclear weapons to strike, how should China respond?
Before the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, the two countries had very close contacts, and the Soviet Union's assistance to China was also a large part of the reason why China increased its military strength in a short period of time after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
However, due to the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, the Soviet Union unilaterally stopped all aid to China, which also made the mainland's military, scientific research, and technology face tremendous challenges.
It was obviously not wise to start a war with the Soviet Union at this juncture, but why did Chairman Mao still order to fight the Soviet Union?
As a matter of fact, the self-defense and counterattack on Zhenbao Island was not a forced decision of the leadership of the Party Central Committee.
In the face of several incursions by the Soviet Union on the mainland border, our party also sent a delegation to the international community to appeal to the Soviet Union to stop all the unjust acts at present and avoid triggering a war between the two countries.
Since 1967, the Soviet Union has brazenly invaded the border areas of Heilongjiang Province on the mainland, wounded mainland border guards, and harassed the mainland border territory on several occasions.
Although the Soviet Union's various acts have violated the issue of mainland sovereignty, the mainland border guards have repeatedly tolerated it and only truthfully reported the matter to the party Central Committee.
After studying the situation, the leading collective of the Party Central Committee unanimously agreed that it was not appropriate to start a war with the Soviet Union under the international situation at that time, and for this reason it made many attempts to resolve these conflicts through friendly negotiations with the Soviet side.
However, China's concessions were seen by the Soviet Union as war-fearing, weakness and bullying.
Since then, the Soviet Union has continued to harass and invade the Zhenbao Island area on the mainland several times, injuring and killing several border guards on the mainland and the residents of Zhenbao Island Township.
In 1968, after several fruitless negotiations, Major General Xiao Quanfu, then deputy commander-in-chief of the Shenyang Military Region, took the initiative to ask Ying to lead troops against the Soviet Union.
After solemn deliberations, the senior leaders of the Party Central Committee agreed to Xiao Quanfu's request, and after receiving the order, Major General Xiao Quanfu hurried to Hulin County, Heilongjiang Province, to spread out a defensive line in the area of Zhenbao Island.
As a matter of fact, the mainland's courage to launch a self-defense counterattack against the Soviet Union under this sensitive situation did not do so on the basis of its own courage.
First of all, Major General Xiao Quanfu, who fought against the Soviet Union, was once a top student at the Nanjing Military Academy, and he was very familiar with the strategy and tactics of the Soviet Union.
Friends who have seen the territory of the Soviet Union know that although the territory of the Soviet Union is vast, the territory of the eastern and western lines is very long.
At that time, the confrontation between the Soviet Union and European countries on the Western Front was in a white-hot stage, and once a war broke out with China on the Eastern Front, it would be difficult to transport war materials and troops to the battlefield in a short time.
Moreover, in the case of a two-front operation, the Soviet Union suffered from the enemy on its back, and the consequences were unimaginable.
In addition, the southeastern region of the Soviet Union was covered with harsh climate and ice and snow, which also had a certain impact on the Soviet Union's war against China.
Due to the limited military forces that the Soviet Union could dedicate, the scale of the war was always kept within the scope of border conflicts, and no large-scale national war broke out.
In this regard, China's border guards fought bloodily, fearless of life and death, and built a great wall of steel on Zhenbao Island, firmly blocking the Soviet Union from the national border.
Despite the small scale of the war, China still lost nearly 100 excellent border guards, and the Soviet Union suffered even more heavy losses than China.
While China has always had the upper hand in this self-defense counterattack, a more worrying issue has emerged: the Soviet Union is likely to launch a nuclear strike against China in a fit of rage.
3.
In the last century, the battle for Zhenbao Island came to an end, but the Soviet Union's various nuclear strikes quietly came.
In the face of a possible nuclear attack from the Soviet side, what good strategy did China have to deal with, and why did the Soviet Union not really use nuclear weapons?
Although the Sino-Soviet self-defense counterattack on Zhenbao Island lasted for a long time, the situation in this war was rumored to be extremely grim, and even escalated to the threat of nuclear weapons.
This kind of rhetoric is not unfounded.
After all, the Soviet Union possessed the nuclear weapons technology that only a few countries in the world possessed, and in the face of the current situation, a nuclear attack on China seemed a foregone conclusion.
Since China dares to start this war of self-defense and counterattack, it must have already countered a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union.
In 1969, when the Battle of Zhenbao Island came to a halt, the Soviet side gradually realized China's determination to defend its territorial integrity and temporarily stopped harassing China's borders.
However, the Soviet Union knew very well that once a war against China began, it would inevitably be resisted and retaliated against by China at any cost.
Moreover, at that time, the Soviet Union's strategic focus was on the European region, and its main strategic object was the United States, so it could only temporarily choose to adopt a policy of détente against China.
In early September, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Kosygin met with Chairman Mao, the leader of the mainland, in Vietnam, and decided on a strategy for a temporary respite between China and the Soviet Union.
Although the war was temporarily stopped, the threat of the Soviet Union to China always existed, and the threat of China to the Soviet Union always hung in the hearts of Brezhnev and others.
After Kosygin returned to China, the Soviet Union continued to adopt a high-pressure policy against China, and even once there was news that the Soviet Union wanted to launch a nuclear attack on China.
On September 16, Victor Louis, a spokesman for U.S. news, published a news release: "The Soviet Union may carry out an air attack on the Lop Nur base in Xinjiang. ”
The release of this news caused quite a stir in the international community, and even directly affected the relations between China and the United States, and accelerated the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in disguise.
At the same time as learning of this news, the CPC Central Committee quickly directed the whole country to enter a state of readiness for war and mobilized the masses of the people to build air-raid shelters in various regions.
Will the construction of bomb shelters alone withstand a Soviet nuclear strike?
The answer is obviously no, but what if, at the same time as building bomb shelters, all the nuclear weapons of the continent are used to counter the Soviet Union?
At that time, China's two-bomb and one-satellite program had already begun to bear fruit, and although we did not have enough nuclear bombs, they were still a huge threat to the Soviet Union.
Moreover, before the war, the Soviet Union and the United States seismic monitoring centers and satellites had already received the powerful explosion signal from China.
China's determination to fight back made the United States and the Soviet Union and other countries clearly feel the crisis, and the United States predicted that once China and the Soviet Union used nuclear weapons in the war, it would be tantamount to opening a "Pandora's box" and the third war would be on the verge of breaking out.
The Soviet Union already felt an unprecedented crisis in China's actions, and at this time, the United States realized the problem of the Sino-American community of interests, and restarted the Warsaw Conference in order to be able to assist China in a timely manner.
The actions of the United States completely dumbfounded the Soviet Union, and it was difficult to predict the outcome of the war even if they possessed the world's top nuclear weapons.
After calming down, the leaders of the CPSU made an accurate analysis of the situation between China and the Soviet Union, in short, this battle cannot be fought at all!
If the United States has put aside its aid to China and its nuclear strike strategy against the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union may not be able to deprive China of its counterattack capability in the first place if war breaks out between China and the Soviet Union.
This is a very dangerous point, and the Sino-Japanese war is a good lesson from the past, when China regains the ability to fight back, the Chinese will defend their sovereignty and territorial integrity at any cost.
Realizing this, the Soviet Union was finally willing to lay down its arms and negotiate peace with China, and the two sides met in Beijing to agree on an armistice and recognize Zhenbao Island as Chinese territory.
The so-called nuclear strike war between China and the Soviet Union has disappeared, and Sino-Soviet relations have been re-relaxed.
To this day, despite the collapse of the Soviet Union, the mainland still maintains good diplomatic relations with Russia.
According to high-level documents from Russia deciphering the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union did not have a complete war plan against China at that time.
At that time, the mainland also tried its best to control the war with the Soviet Union within the scope of the border conflict, and did not think about starting a large-scale war with the Soviet Union.
All in all, the war between China and the Soviet Union was originally based on the differences in political systems between the two countries, and a peaceful settlement within a controllable range is the best explanation for the countries and peoples of the two countries.