Today in Sasha's history.
Author: Sasha
This article was originally written by Sasha and is not allowed to be reproduced by any media
April 17, 1953: The Government Council of the People's Republic of China issued the "Instructions on Dissuading Peasants from Blindly Flowing into the Cities," which did not allow cities to recruit workers in the rural areas at will.
There are a lot of ultra-leftists who preach that it used to be an egalitarian society!
Today, the advanced capitalist social class is relatively solid, and the people at the bottom have no room to rise, which is a serious social problem.
And in today's China, class solidification is also very serious.
You can look at the top figures in all walks of life in China, it is extremely difficult to see any grassroots figures, and it will only get worse in the future.
Many of the grassroots heroes we see are just white gloves or have hidden real backgrounds.
Let's take a look at Gu Ailing, who is a real sports elite who won the world championship by her own ability.
But do you know that in order to win this championship, her family spent a huge amount of money on training?
Her mother said in public that it cost millions of dollars to raise her daughter, and the actual cost was at least several million dollars.
This kind of cost is by no means affordable for ordinary families, or even ordinary middle-class American families!
Do you know why, when promoting Gu Ailing, he only talked about his mother and grandmother, and never mentioned his grandfather?
Today's inequality does not mean that everyone was equal in the past.
The inequality of the Mao era was institutional, especially the huge disparity between urban and rural areas.
Sasha once read a book about a cadre who was sent to the 57 cadre school.
Interestingly, this cadre thinks that he is doing manual work in the cadre school, and his treatment is poor, and he has suffered a lot. Unexpectedly, the farmers near the cadre school were still envious of their lives.
Let's take a look at this description: In the early spring of 1968, the principal responsible person of the Heilongjiang Provincial Revolutionary Committee proposed to run a "May Seven" cadre school in accordance with the spirit of Mao Zedong's "May Seven" instructions. Liuhe Cadre School has a total of 504 students, mainly composed of cadres from former provincial organs. After they arrived at the cadre school, in accordance with the requirements of "studying military affairs" in the "May Seven" prompt, they carried out the militarization of organization, the militarization of action, and the collectivization of life. The food is 12.5 yuan per person per month according to the standard of the army, and the collective canteen is eaten.
According to the type of work, the organization is divided into five platoons: agriculture, infrastructure, industry, animal husbandry, and logistics. The cadres and schools have cultivated more than 3,000 acres of land, and have also developed animal husbandry, fishery, and sideline industries, and have set up small factories on their own. During the day, the "May Seventh" fighters engaged in intense and arduous field labor, or engaged in capital construction, road construction, raising chickens and feeding pigs, and other productions; at night, they held study classes and lectures in teams and groups, selected and studied Chairman Mao's quotations and newspaper articles, and analyzed themselves in connection with labor and ideological reality......
Everyone should pay attention to one point, "the food is 12.5 yuan per person per month according to the standard of the army, and the collective canteen is eaten."
12.5 yuan per month, which is equivalent to about 0.4 yuan per day, is the same as the standard of PLA soldiers.
In that year, rice was 0.14 yuan a catty, pork was 0.72 yuan a catty, and eggs were 0.05 yuan. According to an adult's monthly consumption of 30 catties of rice and noodles, it costs 4.20 yuan, 3 catties of pork costs 2.16 yuan, oil (including vegetable oil) salt sauce and vinegar roast, plus 2.16 yuan, plus vegetables 1.50 yuan, a month's food cost is only 10 yuan.
This level of food is also quite high in the city.
Some people recalled: The food in the dry school was good, and it made people forget the taste of wowotou. When eating in the cafeteria, the food fee is 12 yuan per person per month for adults and 6 yuan for children. The rice and white flour steamed buns are enough to eat, and the dishes are rationed, one serving per person. Later, it gradually became "repaired", and the cadres who brought the family and the mouth cooked by themselves, cooked their own non-staple food, and went to the canteen to fight the staple food.
Of course, it is also the inferior Wuqi cadre school: when we started, we ate wotou every day, and we had pimple pickles.
This is not a universal phenomenon, though.
After all, all the cadres who are delegated are still guaranteed, and basic food, clothing, shelter and transportation can still be guaranteed.
The main reason why cadres and intellectuals feel miserable when they are delegated to the May Seventh Cadre School is that they have to do manual labor.
These cadres and intellectuals are all older, and some of them are suffering from various diseases. They have been out of manual labor for many years, and basically there is a situation where they cannot bear it.
For example, Ba Jin is close to 70 years old, and at that time, he was probably an old man who needed to recuperate, and he still had to carry fecal water in the Wuqi Cadre School.
Whoever should do something, you let the doctor with the scalpel carry the sack, and let the migrant worker carry the scalpel, the essence is torture for them.
In the old movie "Wrangler", let the Wrangler, who is not very literate, go to the primary school to teach as a representative of the poor middle peasants, which made him almost collapse.
During the Cultural Revolution, a group of workers, peasants and soldiers who had only a new Chinese language were sent to Tsinghua University to study. At first, one teacher was responsible for teaching 20 people, but he couldn't teach at all, so he could only teach 10 people instead, but it still didn't work. Then it becomes 5 people, 3 people, and eventually it is simply 1-on-1 teaching alone, which is also very difficult to teach. Some teachers at Tsinghua University were furious, believing that students who had not even finished junior high school and had only a primary school education level came to study university courses, which was simply torture for the teachers. Every time you talk about a topic, you have to teach it from junior high school knowledge all the way to university, is there such a university?
A male teacher even found that his male students still didn't know many basic Chinese characters, and found his superiors and scolded angrily: Lao Tzu is no longer teaching, it's a big deal to go back to the cowshed. Let primary school students go to college, the world's big joke!
In fact, it is not only the university teachers who suffer, but also these students, who are very uncomfortable, as if they were punished.
Far from it.
The treatment of the surrounding peasants is still not comparable with that of the unlucky cadres of the Wuqi Cadre School.
Most of the schools are set up in remote areas, where the peasants are often very poor.
Taking Heilongjiang as an example, where the Liuhe Wuqi Cadre School is located, the peasants of the same era lived in great poverty.
Memories of the educated youth who went to the countryside of Heilongjiang to join the queue: I went to the countryside in September 1968 to join the queue and went to a production team called "Xiaobeigou". I was 16 years old that year, and I worked like the members, and each male youth counted 10 centimeters per day. For female students, it is 7 centimeters. That year, the year-end dividend was worth one cent and six cents! Earn one dime and six cents a day. I work a full month and earn less than five yuan.
In other words, a young man who is a strong laborer can earn less than half of the monthly food expenses of the cadres of the 57 cadre school after working hard for a month.
The old gentleman recalled: This money is still book income, and you still have to use this income to buy the rations distributed to you by the production team... Our Xiaobeigou is all hillside land, the production team does not beat enough grain, not enough 28 catties of gross grain per person per month, members have to take money, and the production team sends a car to buy "resale grain" at the grain depot with the superior's preferential "resale grain".
So, what if you can get 28 catties of gross grain?
This is gross grain, that is, unprocessed grain. After processing, twenty or thirty percent of the gross grain will be lost, and the rest will be no more than 20 catties. In other words, farmers eat less than 0.7 catties of grain per person per day.
If it is placed today, I am afraid that most people who sit in the office will not be able to eat 0.7 catties of food a day.
Farmers have no non-staple food to speak of, except for some vegetables, which are basically vegetables, and tofu is rarely eaten.
In this way, there is no oil and water in the stomach, and the amount of food is particularly large. Not to mention 0.7 catties of grain, even 1.4 catties of grain is not enough to eat.
Some people say that there is a supply of 3 catties of meat per month in the Wuqi Cadre School, so why don't farmers eat meat when they raise pigs themselves?
Quite simply, the pigs raised by farmers are not their own at all.
Since the 50s, the countryside has begun to engage in publicly-owned pig breeding.
In short, whether it is the production team or the pigs raised by the farmers themselves, they are not your own, but the "pre-purchased pigs" of the state. In other words, the state bought this pig from you in advance, and you are only responsible for raising it.
When the pig grows up, it must be sold to the state, and the price of selling is still fixed, usually much lower than the market price. The more common pig price is 0.45 yuan per catty, and the market price is twice the purchase price.
Some people say, I secretly killed the pig to eat, or secretly sold it, and I didn't suffer this kind of loss.
I'm sorry, but you can't kill, and you can't sell it. Pigs are recognized as state property, and it is a crime for you to sell them privately, and you will be imprisoned, let alone eaten.
Even if the pig has an accident (being hit by a car and dies) or suddenly dies of a disease, you can't handle it without permission, and you need to report it to your superiors. Generally, this kind of pork can only be eaten after the production team issues a certificate and the commune approves it.
How many of these can happen?
Moreover, after the pig died, the production team and even the commune would conduct an investigation. If the cause of death of the pig is found to be suspicious, sorry, the farmer who raised the pig will be unlucky.
When selling pigs, it's fun!
Farmers sell pigs not in their own capacity, but as production teams. Usually find a few strong men, tie up the pigs, pick them up, and send them to the state-designated purchasing station. After the pig is inspected at the purchasing station, a part of the weight needs to be removed as food for the pig's stomach.
The acquisition station will not pay you cash, but will directly issue an invoice and fill out a certificate of completion. The farmer can take the card back and give it to the production team.
The point is that raising pigs is not as easy as everyone thinks, and they will grow meat if they are fed casually.
At that time, the state only provided a very small amount of feed for pigs, mainly relying on farmers to feed pigs with pigweed, and also used bran, bean stalks, sweet potato seedlings, vegetable leaves, in short, to feed pigs with various plants.
This requires someone to prepare the feed, usually by the women, the elderly or children.
Pigs have to eat a lot of things every day, they need a lot of pigweed, and they have to fight a lot every day. Generally, there are no two or three spare laborers at home, and they can't raise pigs. Due to poor eating, pigs generally have to grow to one and a half to two years to reach the national purchase standard, barely growing to more than 100 catties.
If you spend 2 years raising a pig as a family, even if you can sell it to you at the market price, you won't make a few dollars.
At that time, the townspeople were rationed, and they were given a minimum amount of meat each year. The peasants had no rations at all, and unless they had a seriously ill family member and needed to replenish their lives to save their lives, they could buy a pound of meat with a commune certificate.
Not to mention pork, farmers rarely even eat eggs. At that time, some farmers raised chickens, and the chickens could often be fed with little feed in the countryside, and mainly relied on eating small insects to survive. However, the peasants were reluctant to eat these eggs, and usually secretly sold them to the towns and villages in exchange for some money to eat salt and scoop oil (kerosene). When the children and the elderly in the family were sick, they ate two eggs to make up for it.
An old gentleman recalled the life of those years: at that time, not to mention eating pork, even lard was rarely eaten, each family was a small oil tank, and used chopsticks to pick a small piece of oil when stir-frying, sometimes it was to use cloth hairpin oil to touch the bottom of the pot, and began to stir-fry, many times there was no oil, only salt, or pounded a few peanuts, soybeans, squeezed out the oil inside, used for stir-frying.
So, where do all the pigs raised by farmers go?
In fact, it cannot be said that there are very few pigs in China. According to national statistics, in 1965, the number of fat pigs slaughtered in the country was 121.67 million, and the number of pigs in the herd at the end of the year also increased from 75.52 million to 166.93 million (China Statistical Yearbook (1983), China Statistics Press, 1983, p. 178). ）。
A 200-kilogram commercial pig has about 144 to 160 kilograms of pork available for sale after killing.
The pigs of that year were often more than 100 catties, even if we killed 100 catties of pork.
Then, the Chinese population was 700 million to calculate, and the average Chinese only had 10 pounds of meat a year, and an average of 1 pound of meat per month. This amount is obviously insufficient, but it is not so much that farmers will not be able to eat meat all year round.
The key lies in the fact that the system gives priority to the supply of cadres and city dwellers, so the peasants will naturally have no meat to eat.
In 2023, 726.62 million pigs will be slaughtered in the country, six times the number of that year, and the Chinese population is twice that of that year, and there is certainly more pork per capita.
Not to mention, one-tenth of the pork consumed by Chinese every year is imported, that's more.
Every day, we shamelessly say bad things about others, shamelessly say good things about ourselves, and don't allow others to tell the truth. From top to bottom, we deceived each other, applauded each other, praised each other, and awarded each other's honors. And lies have become the backbone of this country------- Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
Statement:
This article refers to
The picture is from the Baidu picture of the Internet, if there is any infringement, please notify to delete.