Ying-yi
"Benefit" is the overlay of "loss", and the hexagram meaning is also the opposite. "Loss" is about loss, and "Profit" is about gain. Loss and gain are two contradictory and opposing aspects, but they are interpenetrating, often benefiting from loss and loss from profit.
Let's start with the hexagrams. "Benefit: Benefit is the future, and the benefit is related to the river. We have seen many times in "Zhou Yi" that "there is a lot of benefit" and "there is a big river". This is all because King Wen of Zhou is repeatedly asking: Is it conducive to going? Is it conducive to crossing the Yellow River?
"Elephant Biography": Wind and thunder, benefit. A gentleman should move if he sees goodness, and change if he has done wrong. The lower hexagram of "Yi" is earthquake, and the earthquake is thunder, and the upper hexagram is Xun, and Xun is wind. Therefore, the hexagram of "Yi" is wind and thunder. From the hexagram of "Yi", I realized: A gentleman should learn when he sees goodness, and change when he has a mistake.
"Biography": Benefit, loss of the upper and lower, the people say that there is no boundary, from the top to the bottom, its way is bright. There is a lot of benefit, and there is a celebration in the middle. Benefiting the river, the wooden road is the line. Moving and Xun, day by day is boundless. Heaven and earth are born, and there is no way to benefit it. The way of all benefits is to walk with the times.
Judging from the hexagram of "Benefit", it is the Xun above the "loss", and the shock below the "benefit". That is, to detract from the interests of the above and benefit the people below. This is the logic of profit and loss in a democratic system. "Say" is a fake word for Yue.
"The joy of the people is boundless" means that the joy of the people will be boundless. "From top to bottom". Of these two "down", the former one is a verb and the latter one is a direction. This means that the policy of reducing taxes by the rulers at the top can increase the income of the people below. Fan Zhongyan said: "If you lose the top, you will benefit from the bottom, and if you lose the bottom, you will consolidate its roots." This is to say that the policy of "losing the upper and benefiting the lower" is the foundation for consolidating the country. "The way is bright," which means that such a people-friendly morality will shine brightly. "Zhongzheng has a celebration", which means that it is conducive to going and will be very festive. "The wooden road is the line".
"Wood" refers to the Xun of the upper hexagram. "Hexagram Biography" says: "Xun is wood, for the wind".
And the shock of the hexagram is moving. "The wooden road is a walk", that is, to travel by wooden boat. This is an additional note that will facilitate the crossing of the Yellow River by boat. "Moving and Xun, the day is boundless. "Moving" refers to the thunder of the lower hexagram, and "Xun" refers to the wind of the upper hexagram, which will spread all over the north and south of the earth in just a few days. "Heaven and earth are born, and there is no way to benefit them. ”
"Heavenly almsgiving" means that the heavens have sunshine to give it. "Earth" means that all things grow on the earth. "No way" means that there are all directions in the world and the earth. "The way of all benefits is to walk with the times. It means that the law of gain also needs to be carried out at an appropriate time.
接着来看爻辞。
1) The ninth day of the first month: use it as a masterpiece, Yuanji, no blame. "Elephant Biography": Yuanji is not to blame, and he is not kind. "Daisaku" refers to a large building. A courtyard house is not a masterpiece, but it requires the entire palace and the entire capital to be considered a masterpiece. The proverb is to say that it is conducive to the construction of a new capital, which is "auspicious" and "blameless".
The word "down" in the elephant word refers to the common people below. "Thick" is the last fake word. "It is not a good thing", which means that the surrounding common people are not willing to lag behind to come to participate in the construction of the new capital. This may refer to the construction of Luoyi Chengzhou.
2) Sixty-two: Or the turtle of the ten friends, Furk violated. Yong Jung-gil. The king enjoys the emperor, auspicious. "The Legend of the Elephant": It may be beneficial to it, and it will come from outside. The king's new capital cannot be built casually, and must be approved by the emperor. "Or the tortoise of the ten friends, Fuk violated".
This is the sixth and fifth line of the "Loss Hexagram", someone sent a big turtle worth ten friends, which cannot be refused and not bought. "Yongzhen" is to ask about long-term things. "Use to enjoy the emperor", that is, to worship the emperor, divination asked the emperor to agree to build a new capital. The word "from outside" means that the tortoise seller comes from outside.
3) Sixty-three: Benefit from the use of murderous deeds, no blame. There is a Fu Zhongxing, sue the public Gui. "Elephant Biography": The use of evil things is also inherent. "Murder", that is, the murder that suffers from a disaster. "Benefiting from evil deeds", that is, helping people in disaster-stricken areas. The word "inherent" means a convention that has been in place from the beginning. "No blame", there will be no "blame". "There is a Fu Zhongxing, sue the public Gui. "Youfu" means having good faith, and "Bank of China" means the Chinese army. "Sue the prince" is to tell the prince. "Gui" is a tool for measuring the length of the sun's shadow. Holding Yukyu in his hand is to show that what he says is true and credible.
4) June Fourth: The Bank of China sued the public, and used it as a family (now as a basis) to move to the country. "Elephant Biography": Sue the public and obey the public, and benefit the Zhiye. After the Chinese army reported to the prince, the prince listened to the advice and decided to move the country. The things that the 64th Yao said, related to the "masterpiece" of the ninth day of the first month, the question turtle of the 62nd year, and the "sue the public Yonggui" of the 63rd may refer to the fact that the Xia royal family agreed to the new land found by Shangjiawei, listened to the suggestion of building a new capital in the Heluo area, and decided to move the capital to the new land. It may also refer to the establishment of Zhou in Luoyi when Zhou became king. The "Yizhi" in the metaphor refers to the ambition of "ruling in the middle".
5) Ninth Five-Year Plan: If you have a good heart, don't ask Yuanji. There is Fu Hui I De. "Elephant Biography": If you have a good heart, don't ask. Hui I am virtuous, and I am ambitious. "Huixin" refers to the wish to give to others. "Have a heart of benevolence", that is, to have integrity and the desire to benefit the people of the world. "Don't ask", i.e. don't ask. This is, of course, a good fortune. "There is Fu Hui and my virtue", which means that people in the world will also repay me with sincerity. The rhetoric says it will be "a great achievement".
6) Upper nine: Mo Yizhi, or hit it, don't be sad, fierce. "Elephant Biography": Mo Yizhi, partiality. Or hit it, from outside. "Mo Yizhi", no one helps him. The rhetoric says that this is a partial statement. "Or strike him", but someone attacks him. The elephant says it's foreign. "Don't be constant", you can't always stick to your own opinions. It's dangerous.
The hexagram of "Benefit" is a policy that says "the loss of the upper and the lower is the benefit", and the tax is reduced to benefit the people. And the rhetoric is to say that the Western Zhou Dynasty built a Zhou in Luoyi Ying. "Loss" and "benefit" are a pair of contradictions. Lao Tzu said: Studying is to increase knowledge day by day, and seeking the Tao is to decrease knowledge day by day.
Lao Tzu's "Tao Te Ching, Chapter 48": For learning day by day, for the Tao day by day.
When Confucius read the Zhou Yi, when he read the Hexagram of Loss and the Hexagram of Benefit, he could not help but sigh: Those who harm themselves and benefit others will eventually benefit others, while those who want to benefit will be missing. Confucius also said: There are things that he thinks are beneficial, but they happen to be harmful, and there are things that he thinks are harmful, but they are beneficial.
Liu Xiang "Shuo Yuan, Jing Shen": Confucius read "Yi" as for "loss" and "benefit", and sighed······ Confucius said, "Those who lose themselves benefit, and those who benefit themselves lack." "Huainanzi Ren Xian Xun": Confucius read "Yi", to "loss" and "benefit", he did not sigh angrily, saying: "Those who benefit and lose, the things of the king or the things that are good are enough to harm them, or the things that want to harm them are the opposite." The opposite of good and evil, the gateway of good and evil, must not be ignored. 」
——The above is based on Mr. Feng Shi's lecture notes