According to a report released by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) on June 26, 2023, the number of people using drugs in the world continues to increase, with more than 296 million people using drugs in 2021, 23% higher than 10 years ago, and 39.5 million people falling ill due to drug abuse worldwide, a surge of 45% in 10 years......
On March 27, the sub-forum on social governance and regional security of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2024.
On March 27, at the sub-forum on social governance and regional security of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2024, representatives of various countries focused on the theme of "Economic and Social Development and Drug Problem Governance" and jointly explored Asian solutions to drug problem governance. Representatives from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, as well as Cambodia, Thailand and Russia, shared their latest experiences on drug governance, and representatives from Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, South Korea, Mexico and Myanmar participated in the exchange.
Zeng Weixiong, vice chairman of the National Narcotics Control Commission of China, and Wei Xiaojun, executive deputy secretary general of the National Narcotics Control Commission of China, were invited to share China's experience in drug control and put forward China's plans for transnational cooperation in cracking down on drug crimes; Shen Danyang, deputy secretary of the Hainan Provincial Party Committee and director of the Hainan Provincial Narcotics Control Commission, and Cai Zhaohui, vice governor and vice chairman of the Hainan Provincial Narcotics Control Commission, shared the practical experience of Hainan Province's anti-narcotics work, which was highly concerned and praised by the delegates from all over the world.
Responsibility: The serious challenges posed by drugs are transnational
"Drug abuse and drug trafficking in different regions of the world are evolving, with implications for global peace and security that we must take seriously. Danilo Türk, director of the Boao Forum for Asia and former President of Slovenia, mentioned in his speech that the data of the World Drug Report 2023 pointed out that the global demand for treatment and intervention for people suffering from drug abuse is far from being met, and only 1/5 of patients will receive relevant treatment in 2021, which will have a huge impact on global economic development.
In a media interview after the sub-forum, Jeremy Douglas, Chief of Staff and Strategic Adviser to the Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, said: "The challenges posed by drugs are transnational and the United Nations is constantly promoting cooperation among countries, which is why I am here. ”
John Collins, academic director of the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, who has long studied political economy, believes that China has played an important role in the global drug problem since the Shanghai International Anti-Smoking Conference in 1909 and will continue to do so in the future. "The drug problem is a serious challenge we all face, and we must tackle it together. ”
In order to jointly address the prominent drug problem, China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) have jointly established and improved the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) mechanism for drug control cooperation in the Greater Mekong Subregion. After 30 years of development, the mechanism has become the most important multilateral anti-drug cooperation mechanism in the region.
As the initiator, signatory and largest donor of the mechanism, China has actively promoted project activities in the field of drug control, strengthened the partnership between countries in the region, and played an important role in curbing the spread of narcotics in the "Golden Triangle" region.
In the face of new changes and challenges in the drug problem, we must strengthen our confidence and determination, adhere to true multilateralism, adhere to the strict anti-drug policy, resolutely uphold the international anti-drug system based on the three conventions, oppose any form of drug legalization, enhance strategic self-confidence, maintain strategic focus, and promote the development of global drug governance. Wei Xiaojun said in his speech.
"Tackling the drug problem requires a range of measures, including a range of different programs such as law enforcement, prevention education, drug treatment, etc. Jeremy Douglas said that people now have easier access to drugs than ever before, so prevention education is very important. He revealed that Laos will host the MOU Senior Officials' Meeting in May 2024, and in the next step, the anti-drug work will be expanded from Asia to Latin America, and the United Nations will invest more resources in preventive measures in the future.
When sharing Hainan's experience, Cai Zhaohui mentioned that in the past few years, the Hainan police have mainly implemented the "Eight Strict Projects" to coordinate the efforts of the whole society to jointly carry out drug control work in terms of controlling the supply and inflow of drugs, rectifying areas and places with serious drug problems, treating and helping drug addicts, drug prevention, and rewarding and pursuing accountability for anti-drug work.
Consensus: Closer cooperation between countries
Governments need to work more closely together to better address issues such as synthetic drug manufacturing and drug abuse. Zeng Weixiong said that the consensus on global drug governance cooperation has been reached at the forum, "We jointly believe that it is necessary to continue to focus on United Nations anti-drug experts, and governments should cooperate more closely, including bilateral, regional and multilateral cooperation." There is a need for more involvement of civil society and chambers of commerce around the world in drug governance to help us solve the drug problem in a sustainable way. ”
Ren Huihua, professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Criminal Investigation of Southwest University of Political Science and Law, said in an interview with this reporter that the Boao Forum for Asia for the first time listed the governance of the drug problem as the theme of the sub-forum, which is not only highly in line with the general theme of the forum "common challenges and common responsibilities", but also fully demonstrates that the drug problem as a global issue is an important issue that cannot be ignored in the process of building a community with a shared future for mankind in all countries of the world.
Wei Xiaojun said, "We have noticed that global drug production and the number of drug users have repeatedly reached new highs, causing serious harm to people's health, public safety, social management, economic development, ecological environment and international order. We must adhere to integrity and innovation, continue to implement a comprehensive, comprehensive and balanced anti-drug strategy, pay attention to reducing demand and supply, flexibly explore innovative measures at the legislative and executive levels, and adopt more scientific, rational and humane policies to better ensure the demand for legal drug use and reduce the harm of drug abuse. ”
Up to now, the mainland has cumulatively controlled 459 narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, fentanyl and synthetic cannabinoids, making it one of the countries with the largest number of controlled drugs and the strictest control. Zeng Weixiong said that the mainland's control of precursor chemicals also far exceeds the relevant requirements of the United Nations.
The abuse of alternative substances is threatening a wider range of people, and the drug problem is becoming more relevant to everyone. Daniel Zhang said that in fact, 500 to 800 new psychoactive substances appear every year in the world. Some substances are regulated, and some are not yet regulated, but can become potentially addictive. In addition to strengthening supervision over the entire process of production, circulation, and consumption, it is all the more necessary to systematically solve the problems in the economic and social development of these regions from the perspective of the overall situation.
Response: A vivid practice of drug control in China
As a free trade port with Chinese characteristics, Hainan is currently in a critical period of customs closure operation, and with the opening of the free trade port, Hainan is also facing many challenges in international anti-drug cooperation. Liu Haizhi, director of the Hainan Provincial Narcotics Control Office, told reporters: "We will strengthen intelligence exchanges and law enforcement cooperation with our overseas counterparts through law enforcement cooperation and police exchanges. ”
"In the construction process of the free trade port, there will definitely be a rapid growth in information flow, and now there are many drug dealers using the dark web and the Internet to communicate. Liu Haizhi said.
In the past, Hainan was also deeply affected by drugs. Cai Zhaohui shared Hainan's anti-drug experience with everyone at the sub-forum, mentioning that in 2016, the proportion of drug users in Hainan Province ranked first in the country, and there were many drug users, "Drug users under the age of 35 increased by 86.3% between 2011 and 2016, and the rate of increase was very fast. ”
The drug problem poses a serious threat to Hainan's social order and economic development, and the masses of the people have strongly resented it. To this end, the Hainan Provincial Government launched two rounds of three-year anti-drug campaigns in November 2016, and in 2023, it will further implement a three-year anti-drug campaign to consolidate the foundation and prevent risks. After more than seven years of in-depth governance, the proportion of drug addicts in Hainan's permanent population has dropped from 8.3 per thousand in 2016 to 0.4 per thousand at present.
Wei Xiaojun said that Hainan Province closely focused on the strategic deployment of the free trade port, anchored the goal of "drug-free island", coordinated the forces of the whole society, integrated the resources of the whole society, and carried out two rounds of anti-drug campaigns in a row.
"Drug addicts are both lawbreakers and victims, and they need more care and care from society. Cai Zhaohui said that in order to better help drug addicts regain their ability to survive, Hainan has established an anti-drug public welfare organization covering the entire island of coastline post stations to provide point-to-point assistance to drug addicts.
"In Hainan, there are many people who have come out spontaneously to help drug addicts, initially with the participation of some drug addicts' mothers, and later with more women joining the mission group. We have also mobilized many elderly volunteers to provide psychological counseling and emotional comfort to drug addicts. Cai Zhaohui added that in addition, eligible drug users are also included in the minimum living guarantee.
During the sub-forum, John Collins observed the Jinjiling Road Community Coastline Station and Chunyu Community in Sanya, and he said that he was amazed by the depth of Hainan's drug problem management, "They use a comprehensive and people-oriented service system in the community, which can not only help people get drug rehabilitation, but also allow these people to get employment opportunities, let them integrate into the community, and provide them with good services in the process of drug rehabilitation." ”
Sun Jinglong, executive deputy director of the Hainan Provincial Narcotics Control Office, told reporters that Hainan has not only carried out a series of useful explorations in the socialized management of the drug problem, but has also paid attention to cracking down at the source and controlling the increase in stocks. "According to Hainan's characteristics of drug situation and drug crimes, which are easy to implement Internet transactions, Hainan has built a triple system of drug investigation, smart drug control and drug monitoring, and weaved a dense drug investigation network. In particular, sewage monitoring provides real-time early warning of drug abuse in areas where drug abuse may occur. At present, more than 500 towns and villages (residences) in the province have achieved no drug harm. ”
Voice of the Forum
Tsang Wai Hung
Vice Chairman of China's National Narcotics Control Commission
The drug problem is not only a question of punishment, an individual, but also a social problem and, ultimately, a question of development and security. The economic and social impact of the drug problem is intensifying and cannot be ignored globally. Starting this year, the mainland will increase its annual anti-narcotics contribution to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to $2 million, mainly for promoting targeted anti-narcotics projects in the "Golden Triangle" region. In recent years, China's international anti-drug "circle of friends" has been expanding, and it has signed 50 intergovernmental and inter-departmental anti-drug cooperation documents with more than 30 countries and national alliances.
Danilo Türk
Director of the Boao Forum for Asia and former President of Slovenia
Drug control should start from the national, regional and global levels, and the policy formulation should be in place in order to comprehensively solve the global drug crime problem. At the national level, if we want to restrict the use of non-medicinal drugs, we must distinguish between non-medicinal and medicinal uses. At the regional level, we must strengthen cooperation, share information, and fight drug crime. In addition, the drug problem affected social development, and at the global level, we did not adequately address the issue of social development, which was now on such a scale that it did require action at the global level.
Wei Xiaojun
Executive Deputy Secretary-General of the National Narcotics Control Commission of China
In the face of new changes and challenges in the drug problem, we must strengthen our confidence and determination, adhere to true multilateralism, adhere to the strict anti-drug policy, resolutely safeguard the international anti-drug system with the three conventions as the cornerstone, and oppose any form of drug legalization. Pay attention to the coordinated promotion of demand reduction and supply reduction, flexibly explore innovative measures from the legislative and implementation levels, and adopt more scientific, rational and humane policies to better ensure the demand for legal drug use and reduce the harm of drug abuse. Promote systematic governance, incorporate anti-narcotics work into the overall plan for economic and social development, regard it as an important aspect of social governance, coordinate social resources, and strive to solve the deep-seated, source-to-source, and fundamental drug problem. Focusing on issues such as the spread of new psychoactive substances and the loss of non-scheduled chemicals, we have adopted measures such as prediction and early warning and international verification, deepened special governance, improved methods and means, and worked hard to solve the global anti-drug problem.
Shen Danyang
Deputy Secretary of the Hainan Provincial Party Committee and Director of the Provincial Narcotics Control Committee
Drugs are the biggest cancer in regional development and social security, and Hainan, as a free trade port with Chinese characteristics, is currently in a critical period of customs closure operation. The creation of a "drug-free free trade port" to provide Hainan practical experience for anti-drug work is not only a guarantee for Hainan's high-quality development, but also a mission that we have always resolutely shouldered. As a result of unremitting efforts, the proportion of drug users in Hainan has dropped from 8.3 per thousand in 2016 to 0.4 per thousand at present, which is lower than the national average. The registration rate and implementation consolidation rate of community drug rehabilitation and community rehabilitation ranked first in the country, driving the social security department to the best level since the construction of Hainan.
Cai Zhaohui
Vice Governor of Hainan Province and Deputy Director of the Provincial Narcotics Control Commission
Looking back on Hainan's anti-narcotics work, we share five enlightenments: First, anti-narcotics work should adhere to the concept of systems and carry out comprehensive drug management in a coordinated manner, because anti-narcotics work is a systematic project that requires the joint participation of all sectors of society. Second, it is necessary to persist in prohibiting narcotics according to law and establish a clear and complete system of laws and regulations. Third, it is necessary to treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and build a three-dimensional drug investigation system covering land, sea, and air. Fourth, it is necessary to put people first and help drug addicts return to society in an all-round way. Fifth, it is necessary to persist in giving priority to prevention and carry out in-depth anti-narcotics education for the whole people.
Pisophan
Minister of State of Cambodia
This year is the ninth year of Cambodia's anti-drug plan, and we have taken different measures to advance the treatment of drugs and chemicals, and we need more international cooperation and professional support to destroy those chemicals. We need to cooperate bilaterally with neighbouring countries, including Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, and multilateral and bilateral cooperation in the Greater Mekong Subregion. According to the Cambodian Anti-Drug Act, drug users are also victims, and there are five major programs to help them, and we hope to raise public awareness and awareness of drugs.
Areepak NGERNBAMROONG
Director, Drug Demand Reduction Bureau, Office of the Narcotics Control Authority, Thailand
Thailand has introduced a new model of health-based national drug control policy. We believe that, in order to stem the spread of synthetic drugs, both demand and supply reductions must be pursued. To this end, we have initiated a series of measures and are carrying out several actions to prevent drug abuse in order to raise awareness of drug abuse among various target groups. We encourage the government and the civil society to work together to address the problem of drug abuse. The government has developed drug prevention education courses for students of all ages to improve their drug prevention knowledge and skills. For example, in elementary and junior high schools, there is a curriculum on "saying no to drugs".
Jeremy Douglas
Chief of Staff to the Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
At today's forum, we have mentioned the importance of drug prevention, both in the context of demand reduction and in the context of strengthening law enforcement. Prevention is the most important thing, it can reduce the harm caused by drugs to society, and in order to achieve this, we need to invest more resources in preventive measures. The global drug market is constantly evolving, and more and more synthetic drugs are appearing in different markets affecting people around the world, creating more threats, and we must invest more in preventive measures.
John Collins
Academic Director, Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime
Reduced demand, reduced supply, and international cooperation are the top priorities for counter-narcotics cooperation among countries. Drug control is a very complex issue, and there is no single solution to deal with it, and the drug problem is still evolving, changing, evolving, and the types of drugs are constantly being renewed. Therefore, different national and local governments, and regions should re-examine its complexity.
Khalid Tinasti
Former Secretary-General of the Global Commission on Drug Policy
From a global perspective, the drug situation remains serious and we cannot fight it alone. How can we reduce the harm caused by drugs to society and people? In the sharing of Hainan's experience, I learned about the methods of drug control and anti-drug measures, which benefited me a lot. We should look at drug addicts from different perspectives and adopt different ways of detoxification for them to avoid the spread of drugs and diseases.
Link Hainan Specialty Drugs Treatment Pathway
The Hainan Provincial Narcotics Control Commission has always regarded anti-drug work as an important part of risk prevention and control in the construction of the free trade port, actively explored the drug governance model with Hainan characteristics, promoted the anti-drug work to achieve remarkable results, and provided a "Hainan plan" and "Hainan example" for the treatment of drug problems.
Keyword 1: Collaborative co-governance
Hainan Province has conducted an in-depth study of the drug situation, focusing on the implementation of the "Eight Strict Projects" (Strike Hard, Rectify Strictly, Block Strictly, Collect Strictly, Manage Strictly, Educate Strictly, Reward Strictly, and Hold Duty Seriously), coordinate the participation of the whole society in anti-narcotics work, and build a three-dimensional, all-round, and systematic drug control model. In addition, through continuous upgrading of various anti-drug measures, we have strengthened the construction of the Huanqiong drug investigation system, the smart anti-drug control system, and the drug monitoring system, and carried out in-depth activities to create "drug-free areas" and demonstration cities, and strive to build a "drug-free free trade port".
Keyword 2: drug prohibition according to law
Hainan Province adheres to the rule of law thinking and method to deal with the drug problem, and vigorously promotes the process of building a rule of law in anti-narcotics work. Relevant departments have revised and issued a series of normative documents in a timely manner, established a system of institutional safeguards with clear rights and obligations, and promoted the standardization, standardization, and rule of law in anti-narcotics work. In order to strengthen the judicial standardization of drug law enforcement, the courts, procuratorates and public security organs have jointly issued guidelines for handling drug crime cases, and the Hainan Provincial High People's Court has formulated opinions on the trial of drug crime cases in accordance with the law, so as to ensure that all links and the whole process of drug law enforcement and justice operate on the track of the rule of law.
Keyword 3: Attack and defend at the same time
In terms of cracking down, the province's public security anti-narcotics department has organized and carried out a series of special actions, insisting on cracking down on "big cases" and "small cases" of large-scale drug trafficking, zero-package drug trafficking, and drug trafficking involving the Internet. Under the guidance of the Ministry of Public Security, China has deepened international cooperation in drug law enforcement, and actively sought the support of relevant countries and regions in cracking down on drug trafficking at sea, pursuing transnational fugitives, and tackling new types of drugs.
In terms of prevention, in view of the geographical characteristics of Hainan surrounded by the sea on all sides, the anti-narcotics departments have established "three lines of defense" to intercept narcotics: The first line of defense is the defense line outside the island, which will put the drug inspection gate in front of Hai'an Port in Xuwen County, Guangdong Province, China, and conduct joint investigations with the Guangdong police; the second line of defense is the maritime defense line, and actively carry out joint anti-narcotics law enforcement at sea with Cambodia, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries and China's coastal provinces; and the third line of defense is the defense line inside the island, which will set up drug investigation stations at airports, airports, and other countries. Ports and coastal ports have carried out round-the-clock regular joint logistics inspection and control, strengthened the management of "Internet + mail and logistics", strictly implemented the system of inspection of receiving and mailing, real-name receiving and mailing, and security inspection of machines, and comprehensively blocked the passage of narcotics into the island and the channels for the flow of drugs on the island.
Keyword 4: care and assistance
Hainan Province aims to achieve "physiological detoxification, physical and mental health, and integration into society" for drug addicts, and carries out in-depth "safe and caring" actions for drug addicts, builds a brand of community drug rehabilitation and community rehabilitation, builds 160 coastline post stations in the province, develops the "Coconut Wind Warmth" APP, implements personalized service management for drug addicts, and equips every 15 existing drug addicts with one full-time community worker to provide drug rehabilitation services and support. In addition, the government has included all eligible drug addicts in the minimum living guarantee, created vocational skills training in the mode of "short-term skills training + secondary education in the system + recommended employment", and provided assistance for drug addicts through multiple channels through the development of public welfare jobs and support for independent entrepreneurship. At the same time, we will establish a full-cycle assistance and assistance system for drug addicts from physiological detoxification to their return to society, establish employment placement bases, promote rehabilitation, training, labor, employment and life in an integrated manner, and strive to create a good atmosphere of care, support and non-discrimination.
Keyword 5: prevention first
Focusing on prevention and comprehensive management, Hainan Province has carried out anti-drug propaganda through online and offline linkage, and the integration of traditional media and emerging media. The Provincial Narcotics Control Office has organized and carried out a series of publicity activities throughout the province, such as "anti-drug propaganda into 10,000 homes" and "anti-drug and seedling protection", to achieve full coverage of schools, communities, rural areas, units, families, enterprises, and networks; Promote the in-depth integration of folk culture and anti-drug propaganda, relying on Hainan's rich regional characteristic cultural resources, plan and create anti-drug Qiong opera tours, 10,000 anti-drug tunes, anti-drug Li singing methods, anti-drug sketch dramas and other works, which are deeply loved by the masses. 45 sets of drug prevention education textbooks have been compiled and printed, and 44,000 teachers and 68,000 college student volunteers have been organized to carry out anti-drug propaganda activities such as "10,000 teachers visiting 10,000 homes" and "the first lesson of anti-drug school" to ensure that every student in school receives anti-drug education.
END
Source: China Anti-Drug News
Editor: Shelley Xu
Proofreading: Yu Hongqing
Review: Wang Jin
Issued: Shi Qinghua
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