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The hardships of the Tieliu defenders ● Ouyang Yi
01
The Red Army's 25,000-mile long march is undoubtedly an immortal epic in terms of the overall situation and results. But judging from the memories of those who witnessed our Long March, every paragraph and every step has its ups and downs, and there are blood and tears.
In October 1934, at the beginning of the Long March, the "left" opportunists panicked and turned from adventurism to escapism in retreat. Before the troops set out, they did not carry out in-depth political mobilization, and the action plan was only transmitted to the cadres at the division level, and the people below were confused and did not know where to go. When transferring, they did not seize the opportunity and took the initiative to annihilate the enemy, but engaged in a "big move" style escape. For this kind of run-away move, Mao Zedong described it as "telling Hanako to beat the dog, while beating, walking" as long as the dog is not looking for it, and he doesn't want to kill the dog at all. The "left" opportunist formation does not want to destroy the enemy at all, and there is no way to destroy the enemy. After three months of heroic struggle and great sacrifices, the Central Red Army broke through the enemy's fourth line of defense. At this time, there were only more than 30,000 troops left after crossing the Xiangjiang River.
The 34th Division of the Fifth Army Corps, to which I belonged, was cut off by the enemy and failed to cross the Xiang River, and the whole army was annihilated, and the erroneous leadership of the "leftist" line put the Red Army in an extremely dangerous situation.
★ The site of the breakthrough battle of the 34th Division of Anhe Wentanghong in Quanzhou County
On the eve of the departure of the Long March, the Fifth Army Corps was stationed at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi and was ordered to participate in the battle of Gaohuyuan. In the course of the battle, he also informed me to take the security team to Xingguo and Yudu to suppress bandits. After completing the task of suppressing bandits and returning to the establishment, the team set off.
During the Long March, the Red Fifth Army has always been the rearguard of Tieliu. The strength was small, only two divisions, the thirteenth and thirty-fourth. The 34th Division crossed the Xiangjiang River and the whole army was annihilated, leaving only the 13th Division. The 13th Division was later abolished, and only the 37th and 39th regiments remained, which were under the direct leadership of the military headquarters, which was the entire strength of the so-called "Tieliu Guard". There was no commissioner in the 34th Division, and I discussed with Dong Zhentang and sent a comrade who had revolted in Ningdu and came to the High Court, who also died in the Battle of Xiangjiang. The special commissioner of the Security Bureau of the 39th Regiment was Liu Minghui, who served as vice governor of Yunnan Province after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
★ Gongcheng Academy, the former site of the passage transfer meeting
Defenders are the toughest and most dangerous. Before the Zunyi Conference, it was to cover the "sedan chair" march of the central column, which moved slowly, pursued the enemy in the rear, and fought frequently in the rearguard, with great losses. Moreover, after the large army passed, those of us who walked behind had to eat or not, whether they wanted to live or not, everything was leftovers. The Long March is also a flow without a base to rely on, and there is nothing left to pick up. As a result, we have to go hungry all the time. It was common for the Red Fifth Army to march more than 120 miles in one day and one night, fight two battles, and eat two meals.
Although we were equipped with horses at that time, we could not ride on the necessary paths, and walked mainly on two legs, but fortunately we walked so fast that we trotted so fast that even the guards could not keep up. During the Long March, we deeply realized that the body is the greatest capital, and even the body is life. It's hard to survive without a strong body.
★ The ancient post road in the old mountain boundary
(To be continued)
(Excerpt from "Ouyang Yi's Memoirs", CPC History Publishing House, July 1998 edition)
Ouyang Yi
Ouyang Yi, born in 1910, a native of Yizhang, Hunan, participated in the revolution in 1927, and was the director of the Security Bureau of the Political Department of the 5th Army Corps of the Red Front Army, the director of the 1st Bureau of the Headquarters of the Red Fourth Front Army, and the director of the Political Department of the Public Security Force and the deputy political commissar of the artillery after the founding of New China. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general, a member of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress, an alternate representative of the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and a representative of the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He died in 2005.
01
April 13, 1932
The Red 5th Army marched towards Longyan.
The Red 14th Army cleared out the remnants of bandits in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian and swept away the enemy's occupied points.
The Red 15th Army set out from Longyan, passed through Makeng, Luzhou, Shanpingtou, and Shanjing, and camped in Shanglaiyang.
02
April 13, 1933
The Red 5th Army Corps was divided into two routes from Wanchongwei to the vicinity of Wangxian, all the way through Liukeng, and all the way through Yinkou.
★ Wanchong Town, Le'an County
03
April 13, 1934
The Red 13th Division garrisoned Xinhuaan. The students who were selected to be sent to the Red School, the Second Infantry School and the Military Company were all gathered. Political Commissar Song Renqiang went to the 37th Regiment to investigate the continuous occurrence of such phenomena as dragging guns to the enemy in the regiment, and cadres resisting orders and not obeying orders.
The General Hall of the Red 15th Division Garrison.
The main force of the Red 34th Division continued to garrison along the Jiantai line in Daejeon City and other places.
04
April 13, 1935
The Red 5th Army Corps, the Red 3rd Army Corps, the Red 1st Army Corps, the Military Commission Column, and the Cadre Regiment respectively advanced to Yangwu and Jonchang in Anshun County and the Bayang area in Ziyun County.
The Red 5th Army Corps arrived at Yangwu camp through Loess Kan, Suchang, and Machang, marched for 60 miles, and its headquarters was stationed in Yangwu.
At 24 o'clock, Zhu De sent a telegram of "ten thousand urgent" to the leaders of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th Red Army Corps and the cadres and regiments of the column of the Central Military Commission: The Red Army should cross the Beipan River as soon as possible and take the opportunity to occupy the Xingren and Anlong areas in order to facilitate maneuvering. The Red 3rd and 5th Army Corps were the right columns, under the command of Peng and Yang, and their task was to seize the opportunity to cross the river from the vicinity of the 100th floor to occupy Xingren; the Red 1st Army Corps and the Military Commission Column were the left columns, and their task was to cross the river near Luoyan and occupy Anlong through Zhuheng.
★ The former site of the Red 5th Army Corps in Mengbang Village, Yangwu (Yangwu) Township, Xixiu District, Anshun City, Guizhou Province
05
April 13, 1936
Heading south, the headquarters of the Red Army arrived in Luhuo County.
The Red Fifth Army was stationed in Suijing and Danba, vigorously carried out political, cultural, educational, and cultural and recreational activities, and learned tactics such as fighting cavalry, fighting forts, fighting at night, and forcibly crossing rivers.
★ The site of the Red Army Headquarters, the General Political Department, the Red Army University, and the Red Army Party School of the Luhuo Laoshouling Temple
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★ Today's (May 9) short video of the Red Fifth Army "Tieliu Defender Casting the Defense Line"
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(Red Fifth Army Research Society)