In ancient and modern times, excellent managers emerge in an endless stream, and Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, is undoubtedly one of the best.
The "rule of Zhenguan" not only established the historical status of Tang Taizong, but also demonstrated Li Shimin's ability and art of managing the country, especially his art of employing people.
So, how did Li Shimin employ people, and how did he manage the country?
Strict self-management and lead the team by example
Li Shimin's self-management is manifested in the following aspects:
First of all, there is a clear personal goal: to be a wise gentleman like Yao Shun.
In the second year of Zhenguan, Taizong said to his courtiers: "I am good for those who are good today, but in the way of Yao and Shun, the rites of Zhou and Kong, I think that if a bird has wings, like a fish in the water, if you lose it, you will die, and you can't have no ears for the time being." ”
It can be seen that Li Shimin has always restrained himself with the courtesy of Zhou Kong, encouraged himself with the way of Yao Shun, walked on thin ice, worked diligently, and vowed to be a Ming Jun like Yao Shun.
Second, restrain your desires with established goals.
Wei Zheng reminded Li Shimin: "Lust, joy and anger are the same for both the virtuous and the foolish." The sage can be restrained, not excessive, and the fool indulges in it, and many are lost. ”
Li Shimin also made "Fu Shangshu" to encourage himself: "There are many indulgent masters, and self-denial is clear." Destroy the body and accumulate evil, and become famous by accumulating good. ”
And he has really done abstinence and prudence:
(1) Temperance and lust: In the early years of Zhenguan, Wang Jue sent back to his family the love of Li Ming, the king of Lujiang, who had been included in the palace; In the second year of Zhenguan, Wei Zheng admonished and prevented the daughter of Zheng Renji, a general secretary of the Sui Dynasty, from being accepted as a concubine, and Tang Taizong accepted the advice.
(2) Quit luxury: In the fourth year of Zhenguan, Taizong issued an edict to levy soldiers to build Luoyang Qianyuan Hall as a palace, Zhang Xuansu admonished him, and Taizong immediately issued an edict to stop repairing, and rewarded Zhang Xuansu with 500 silk silks.
(3) Quit playthings: In the second year of Zhenguan, Taizong put a very good harrier eagle on his arm to play, but when he saw Wei Zheng coming from afar, he had to hide it in his arms in a hurry. Wei Zhengjin admonished for a long time, so that this harrier eagle was suffocated to death.
From ancient times to the present, there are many sensible and aspiring managers, but there are too few who can match their words with deeds, have firm goals, and strictly discipline themselves. Any manager has the desires of ordinary people.
Tang Taizong's ability to manage his desires in accordance with the requirements of the goal not only set an example for the team members, but also reflected his best qualities as a Ming Jun.
Communicate honestly, eliminate doubts and increase trust, and strengthen team cohesion
First of all, Tang Taizong paid great attention to face-to-face communication with ministers.
He mentioned Emperor Wu of Jin to his courtiers many times, and asked the monarch and his ministers to treat each other sincerely. In the sixth year of Zhenguan, Taizong said to his courtiers: "The ancients said: 'If you are in danger, you don't hold it, you don't support it, and you don't use it?'
The righteousness of the monarch and the minister is not enough to be loyal to Kuang?...... Wouldn't it be beautiful for the public to think about the demise of the Sui clan, for the public to think about the dragon and the punishment for mistakes, and for the monarch and the ministers to be preserved!"
In the seventh year of Zhenguan, Taizong and the secretary Wei Zheng calmly discussed the gains and losses of governance since ancient times...... Gu Weizheng said: "Although jade has beautiful quality, it lies in the stones, it is not worth pondering, and it is no different from rubble."
If there is a good work, it is the treasure of all generations. Although I have no beauty, I am a public scholar, and I am benevolent and righteous in the labor convention, and I am promoted in morality, so that my achievements have come to this point, and the public is enough to be a good worker. ”
This kind of face-to-face communication, how vivid! How frank! How harmonious! The ideals, understanding, trust, rules, and direction between superiors and subordinates are clarified, strengthened, and firm in this kind of question-and-answer, mutual confession, misunderstanding, mutual trust, and mutual trust, how can the team not be united?
Through frank communication, Tang Taizong obtained information from others and sent messages to others, thereby increasing understanding among team members, enhancing mutual trust, and strengthening team unity.
This also shows that Li Shimin not only has a superhuman IQ, but also has excellent emotional intelligence, and can moisten things silently in easy communication, which unconsciously enhances the cohesion of the team.
Open employment, all over the good talent to strengthen the team
Talent shortage seems to be a common problem faced by Chinese and foreign managers in ancient and modern times, and employee loyalty is even more difficult to measure and grasp.
So, on the one hand, most managers shout about the lack of talent, and on the other hand, they are looking for talent behind closed doors. Li Shimin, on the other hand, knows that "the only thing to do is to win people," and he can also be open to recruiting and employing talents.
First of all, Li Shimin only asks about talent and morality, not about the source.
Tang Taizong said: "Since ancient times, China has been noble, cheap and di, and I love them as one." For example, the Xianbei tribe Wei Chi Jingde, the Nanban chieftain Feng Zhidai, the Eastern Turkic Li Simo, the Western Turkic Ashina Sheer, and the Tiele tribe's Qibi Ali all defected to Li Shimin, and the latter two even wanted to be martyred after the death of Tang Taizong.
There are 67 tombs of meritorious generals around the Tang Zhaoling Mausoleum, of which there are 15 ethnic minority generals. This is a good example for today's managers, who can no longer mistakenly assume that "only those who have been trained by themselves can be trusted".
Secondly, Li Shimin loves talents and sees talents, and takes talents from the present.
In the second year of Zhenguan, in response to Feng Deyi's statement that "but there is no genius and ability today", Taizong immediately refuted: "The previous Ming king made people like weapons, all of them were taken from the time, not from other generations. ...... There is no virtuous generation, but I don't know what to do!"
Therefore, from Liu Wenjing before the Taiyuan army to Qin Qiong, Cheng Yanjin, Wei Chi Jingde, Zhang Xuansu after the army, and then to Wei Zheng and Wang Qi after the Xuanwumen Change, as well as the former ministers Xiao Yu, Feng Deyi, and Cen Wenwen and Ma Zhou who started from Buyi, were all "all in the middle" by Li Shimin.
Again, Li Shimin knows the strengths of people, employs people's strengths, accommodates people's shortcomings, and makes good use of people.
Li Shimin said: "A person's ability cannot be both, and I often abandon his shortcomings and take his strengths", so that "the virtuous and the virtuous can get their place."
Therefore, before the change of Xuanwumen, Li Shimin discussed strategies with Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui and the eldest grandson Wuji; At the beginning of the operation, Wei Chi Jingde, who was born in Wagangzhai and had a rebellious spirit, took the lead, and carried the heads of Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji to force Li Yuan to give military power to Li Shimin, the king of Qin.
Conform to human nature, respect individuality, look at the mainstream employment, and reward according to preferences
Mainland managers have always emphasized "having both ability and political integrity" and "being like-minded" in employing people, and the expression of "morality" is the perfect image of a gentleman and a sage. In fact, both virtuous and foolish have their own human nature and personality, and they all have their own demands and needs.
As a manager, whether you can organically integrate the satisfaction of individual demands with the realization of team goals is one of the indicators to evaluate whether it is excellent. Li Shimin has done quite well in this regard, and it is worth learning.
First of all, Li Shimin respects and understands human nature, and employs people regardless of suspicions.
When Li Yuan raised his army, Li Jing was about to go to Chang'an to denounce, but was caught by Li Yuan and Li Shimin. However, not only did they not kill Li Jing, but instead pardoned him and let him fight the world together.
Before the Xuanwumen Incident, Li Shimin asked Li Jing, then the governor of Lingzhou, and Li Tao, the head of the marching army, respectively, but they were all refused. Li Shimin not only did not resent them because of this, but valued the two even more.
During the period of Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin reused the two of them to defend the border, named Li Jing as the Duke of Weiguo, appointed Li Tao as the crown prince Zhan Shi and added the title of Tejin, and still served as the governor.
Secondly, Li Shimin respects individuality and cares about people down to the smallest details.
Wei Zheng resisted the straight and pursued fame, and Li Shimin appointed him as a counselor, not only allowing him to speak out, but also citing him as a "good worker".
The rewards for others were mostly gold, silver, silk and silk and promotions, but for Wei Zheng, they were mostly respect, praise, and advice, and the material rewards were only means of spiritual encouragement, such as giving cloth quilts and building a main hall for them with the money that Taizong originally built a small palace.
Treating Hou Junji and other generals and ministers, he knows very well that "the honest and prudent are few, and the greedy are many", which is to tolerate their greed and reward them with more money. "Housing and Planning" is a wonderful case of its employment.
Although Tang Taizong emphasized that employing people "must be based on virtue and knowledge", he also understood that "if you don't use your talents, it will be difficult to cure." ”
Therefore, when actually employing people, he insisted on putting his ability first and taking into account his conduct. When contemporary managers select and employ people with virtue and ability, they should first respect human nature, and then respect the personality of talents, and then use them scientifically in combination with personal characteristics and organizational needs.
Respect personal opinions, thoroughly empower the wise, and encourage the team with trust
The most fundamental respect for talents by managers is to respect their ambition and character, to respect their reasonable opinions and sincerity, and to respect their personality. Li Shimin is a role model in this regard.
First of all, Li Shimin regards immediate action as an extension of his humble admonition.
Wang Jue advised the princess to give a gift to her in-laws, and Tang Taizong immediately issued an edict to approve it. It was precisely because he was able to listen to Wei Zheng's advice and act on it that he inspired Wei Zheng to give advice more than 200 times in his life.
Tang Taizong also said to the eldest grandson Wuji: "The world's great Ning, the ruler of the peerless domain, all come to pay tribute, Jiuyi retranslates, and looks at each other." All these things are the power of Wei Zheng. He even attributed the credit for governing the country to Wei Zheng.
Secondly, Tang Taizong repeatedly carried out thorough authorization and gave trust to virtuous ministers without reservation.
When Tang Taizong conquered Goryeo, someone chased him to Luoyang to report Fang Xuanling, who stayed in Chang'an to govern state affairs. Taizong killed the complainant without interrogation, and told Fang Xuanling: You can handle these things, why did you push them to me? Are you worried that I don't trust you?
Thirdly, put an end to slander, win the trust of ministers, do not record the minor mistakes of ministers, and do not grant great power to junior ministers.
When Wei Zheng was the secretary and supervisor, he was accused of rebellion. Taizong said: Although Wei Zheng was my enemy in the past, he was loyal to his duties, so I selected and appointed him. How could he frame him indiscriminately? He didn't blame Wei Zheng and immediately killed the person who was falsely accused.
The value of talents in the management process is their wisdom and ability. Excellent managers should be like Li Shimin, who cannot regard material stimulation as the primary means, let alone intrigue, use and suspicion.
We should not be peacemakers and balance, but should treat each other sincerely, respect their opinions, personalities, needs and styles, fully authorize and trust them, protect them from interference, and concentrate on their work.
Rewards and punishments are clear, heavy rewards and prudent punishments, and win the trust of the team
Clear rewards and punishments are the basic principles of incentives. In fact, most managers are heavily punished and lightly rewarded, or rewarded heavily when starting a business, and severely punished when they succeed. So there is "the cunning rabbit dies, and the lackeys cook; The birds are all gone, and the good bow is hidden; The enemy country is broken, and the ministers are killed".
However, Li Shimin really achieved clear rewards and punishments, heavy rewards and prudent punishments, and treated meritorious heroes well.
First of all, Li Shimin insisted that meritorious service should be rewarded.
Reading "Zhenguan Political Dignitaries", you will see rewards everywhere, and rarely see punishments. Whether it is reasonable advice or meritorious work, even if it is to inspire him, Tang Taizong will reward him with money and gifts.
There is a saying that "only when it is dispersed, but the hearts of people gather". Tang Taizong is a man who loves things lightly. Therefore, from Li Shimin's army to Tang Taizong's rule of the country, he has always been surrounded by talents, closely united, and dedicated.
Secondly, Li Shimin did not complain about punishment and did not hide his mistakes. When he was a great hero, his uncle Li Shutong and the loving general Chi Jingde were not satisfied with the reward and spoke wildly.
Tang Taizong pointed out Li Shutong's various mistakes, and warned Wei Chigong with the fact that the heroes of the past dynasties were finally punished because they did not know how to restrain. However, they were still included in the 24 heroes of Lingyan Pavilion, and they were commended.
Again, Tang Taizong loved, remembered, and cherished talents, and did not punish heroes.
In the history of the mainland, the only emperors who did not kill heroes were Tang Taizong and Song Taizu, but the latter deprived the founding heroes of their military rights in the way of "releasing military power with a glass of wine".
Tang Taizong Li Shimin not only reused and treated all the heroes well, but also painted portraits of the 24 heroes who made great contributions to the establishment of the Tang Dynasty and the consolidation of the political power, and hung them in the Lingyan Pavilion to be praised.
Among them, except for Hou Junji and Zhang Liang, who were sentenced for rebellion, the other heroes were properly placed and naturally died of old age.
Li Shimin's practice of clearly distinguishing rewards and punishments, emphasizing rewards and prudent punishments, and treating meritorious heroes well should really be taken as a principle of encouragement. Contemporary managers can also reflect on the rationality of practices such as "elimination of the last position" and "talent renewal".