Abstract:In recent years, the development of electronic measurement technology and instruments has directly led to the change of measurement methods, which in turn has promoted the progress of modern manufacturing industry and promoted the comprehensive development of social economy. Driven by the mainland's favorable policies, downstream industries such as computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing have developed rapidly, and the electronic measuring instrument industry has also achieved rapid growth. According to statistics, the market size of China's electronic measuring instrument industry will increase by 8.32% year-on-year to 35.551 billion yuan in 2022.
1. Definitions and Classification
According to the GB/T 4754-2017 - Industrial Classification of the National Economy and the Annotations to the Industrial Classification of the National Economy issued by the National Bureau of Statistics, electronic measuring instruments refer to the electrical parameter detection devices that use electronic technology to detect the measured objects (electronic products). Electronic measuring instruments are mainly divided into general electronic measuring instruments and special electronic measuring instruments. Among them, the special electronic measuring instrument is designed for specific objects and specific purposes, and the application scenarios are relatively limited, such as optical fiber test instruments, electromagnetic compatibility EMC test equipment, etc.;
Second, industry policies
In recent years, the state has successively introduced a number of policies to encourage the development and innovation of the electronic measuring instrument industry. In June 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other five departments issued the "Implementation Opinions on Improving the Reliability of the Manufacturing Industry", proposing to focus on improving the reliability of intelligent products such as drones, virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) equipment, service robots, and smart door locks, as well as special electronic equipment such as exposure machines, evaporation machines, slicers, and coating machines, as well as electronic measuring instruments such as mass spectrometers, oscilloscopes, and electronic lenses. In January 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven departments issued the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting the Innovation and Development of Future Industries", proposing to build a number of pilot and application verification platforms according to industrial needs, improve the supply capacity of precision measuring instruments, high-end test equipment, design simulation software, etc., provide a trial environment for key technology verification, and accelerate the transformation of new technologies into real productivity.
Third, the development process
Since the fifties and sixties of the twentieth century, the development of electronic measuring instruments has gone through four stages: analog instruments, digital instruments, intelligent instruments and virtual instruments. Before the 50s of the 20th century, electronic measurement technology was mainly analog measurement, and analog instruments included pointer multimeters, transistor millivoltmeters, etc., and the basic structure of such instruments was electromagnetic and mechanical, mainly with the help of pointers to display measurement results. Due to the limitations of the instrument itself, the resolution of the indicated value can only reach 2-3 significant digits, and the analog signal (measurement data) is also susceptible to changes due to noise and interference during the measurement process. Virtual instruments were developed in the 90s of the 20th century and are mainly used for automatic testing, process control, instrument design and data analysis. Virtual instrumentation emphasizes "software as instrument", that is, software is used to replace hardware as much as possible in the instrument design or test system, so users can define and design the test function of the instrument according to the user's own needs on a general computer platform.
Fourth, industry barriers
1. Technical barriers
The electronic measuring instrument industry is a knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive industry, which is manifested in multidisciplinary integration and complex technological processes. The R&D and manufacturing of electronic measuring instruments require a lot of technical precipitation, especially the market customization needs to put forward higher requirements for technical reserves. The products have high requirements for precision, reliability, durability and other indicators, and if they want to enter the international market, the products need to meet the safety requirements of various countries, which requires electronic measuring instrument companies to have a deep grasp of measurement technology. In particular, the research and development of high-end electronic measuring instruments is more complex in structure, involving a variety of high-precision technologies, including the design of large-scale digital circuits, high-speed sampling, communication algorithms, micro-signal processing, etc., the research and development cycle is longer, and the research and development process is more complex, so the electronic measuring instrument industry has high technical barriers.
2. Brand barriers
The electronic measuring instrument industry attaches great importance to the accuracy, stability and durability of products. Since electronic measuring instruments are directly related to people's life safety and property safety during use, the safety and reliability of products are particularly critical. The brand is the concentrated embodiment of product quality, so customers pay more attention to the product brand when choosing electronic measuring instruments, resulting in a higher brand premium in the electronic measuring instrument industry. However, the establishment of a brand requires a long period of accumulation, so the brand constitutes one of the barriers to entering the electronic measuring instrument industry.
3. Qualification and certification barriers
For the sake of quality, safety, environmental protection and other aspects, most countries have formulated relatively strict product quality certification standards for electronic measuring instruments. The Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that enterprises and institutions that manufacture and repair measuring instruments must have facilities, personnel and verification instruments and equipment that are suitable for the measuring instruments manufactured and repaired. According to the "Catalogue of Measuring Instruments Managed by the People's Republic of China in Accordance with Law (Type Approval Part)", the items included in this catalogue need to apply for type approval or type approval of imported measuring instruments. It is difficult for new entrants to the electronic measuring instrument industry to produce products that can be certified in a short period of time. Therefore, new entrants to the electronic measuring instrument industry have certain qualifications and certification barriers.
Fifth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The industrial chain of electronic measuring instruments is mainly for parts, including electronic components, electronic materials, mechanical and electrical products, etc.; the middle of the industrial chain is mainly the manufacture of electronic measuring instruments; the downstream of the industrial chain is mainly the application fields of electronic measuring instruments, mainly including electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, general equipment manufacturing, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing.
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