Pastoral complex is a comprehensive development model of characteristic towns and villages integrating modern agriculture, leisure tourism and pastoral communities, and is a sustainable model for realizing China's rural modernization, new urbanization and comprehensive social and economic development under the pattern of urban-rural integration, conforming to the reform of rural supply-side structure and new industrial development, combined with the reform of rural property rights system.
Today, I will sort out the tipping points and some cases about the pastoral complex, hoping to help you improve the comprehensive operation capacity of the "pastoral complex" project.
1. 5 key words
Pastoral complex is a comprehensive development model of characteristic towns and villages integrating modern agriculture, leisure tourism and pastoral communities.
Keyword 1: main carrier
farmer cooperatives or farmer joint-stock companies (mainly agricultural);
Keyword 2: six major support systems
production system (laying a solid foundation), industrial system (highlighting characteristics), management system (entrepreneurship and innovation), ecological system (green development), service system (improving functions), operation system (forming a joint force);
Keyword 3: development path
farmland pastoralization, industrial integration, urban-rural integration;
Keyword 4: Pilot project conditions
Accurate functional positioning, excellent basic conditions, friendly ecological environment, strong policies and measures, clear investment and financing mechanisms, significant driving role, smooth operation and management, etc.;
Keyword 5: Components
The landscape attracts cores, leisure gathering areas, agricultural production areas, residential development belts, and community supporting networks.
2. Eight tipping points
1. Regain the charm of the building
Repair old buildings Respect every old thing, they are life and art.
The new building has a variety of creative markets such as innovative agricultural markets, themed catering, original village homestays, Niulan coffee houses, fragrant bee bakeries, and Zhuyuan bookstores, forming a unique rural village market.
It is completed through three forms: inheritance and protection, innovation and new construction, and excavation and transformation.
Inheritance and protection
Object: An ancient village with typical remnants of vernacular architecture.
Countermeasures: Based on protective repair, the original rural settlement environment should be revitalized and protected as a whole. The content includes the form and pattern of streets and alleys, landform relics, ancient cultural sites, vernacular buildings, etc., and on this basis, further improve the village roads, water systems, and basic supporting facilities, enhance the overall cultural image of the countryside in accordance with the principle of repairing the old as the old, and reasonably protect, utilize and develop the ancient villages.
Innovative new type
Target: Rural areas with remote locations, frequent natural disasters or poor infrastructure.
Countermeasures: On the basis of improving public service facilities such as housing, transportation, sanitation, and garbage disposal, the rural living environment and its appearance should be comprehensively improved. In the design of village style and layout, the local culture should be integrated, the architectural style, color, texture and other aspects should be innovative, and in the design of folk houses and rural landscapes, we should pay attention to the inheritance of traditional local culture and respect the traditional living habits.
Excavation retrofit
Target: Villages that avoid the problem of "one side of a thousand villages" in rural construction.
Countermeasures: Fully excavate the essence and connotation of regional local culture, carry out reasonable planning and transformation design in combination with the current situation of the transformed villages, and consider the overall issues such as village planning and layout, residential form, local landscape, and industrial layout. The local elements and symbols are combined with the overall historical style of the village to express it.
2. Make farmland a landscape
Rural scenery has gradually become a scarce natural landscape in the city, and the field scenery that people yearn for can be seen everywhere in the countryside, and the farmland forms a beautiful landscape in a larger space through design and collocation, so that the productivity of agriculture is combined with aesthetics, and it has become an organic combination of production, life and ecology.
Farmland Landscape Creativity: Flower Field Landscape, Terraced Landscape, Farmland Art Patterns, Farmland Art Works, Scientific and Technological Creativity, Farmland Festivals, etc.
3. Let the local rural culture gather IP effect
Rural culture is the sum total of all the things and phenomena created by the interaction between the local population and the nature of the village. According to different classification criteria, rural culture is divided into material culture and non-material culture.
Rural material culture refers to the culture expressed by the material products created to meet the needs of rural survival and development, including natural landscapes, spatial textures, rural buildings, production tools, etc.
Rural intangible culture refers to all kinds of spiritual culture created by human beings in the process of social and historical practice, including festival folk customs, traditional crafts, folk art, village rules and conventions, clan concepts, religious beliefs, moral concepts, aesthetic concepts, values and simple and leisurely village atmosphere.
The rural cultural landscape not only has the use value, but also witnesses the attempts and efforts of the ancestors to transform nature, and imprints the rise and fall of the countryside and the vicissitudes of life, so as to become a physical witness with historical value, cultural value, scientific value and educational significance.
4. Make farming an entertaining experience
The experience economy has continued to rise in recent years, and the biggest essential difference between rural life and rural life is the attitude towards farming.
Tao Yuanming's leisurely and detachment of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and leisurely seeing Nanshan" is shown through the agricultural experience, so that farmers feel happy and have a strong sense of gain, and at the same time, tourists can satisfy their "pastoral dreams" outside the experience.
5. Make creative agriculture profitable
Creative agriculture is a new type of agricultural management mode that takes creative production as the core and the added value of agricultural products as the goal, guides people to link the pre-production, production and post-production links of agriculture into a complete industrial chain, and combines agricultural products with culture and artistic creativity to produce higher added value, so as to realize the optimal allocation of resources.
Types of creative agriculture: creative agricultural products, creative agricultural landscape, creative agricultural diet, creative agricultural culture, creative leading concept, creative industry integration.
6. Make pastoral life fashionable
There is a style in interior design called rural pastoral style, and when interpreting people's psychology at this level, we find that we are very advocating rural life. I like the idyllic scenery, I like the leisurely nature of the countryside. How to make the pastoral landscape a popular fashion style is also a tipping point for the pastoral complex.
We believe that fashion often symbolizes high quality, and the design can make the joy of pastoral life, rural humanities, and agricultural civilization into an elegant fashion quality of life.
7. Let the pastoral experience highlight the "artistic conception"
Compared with the general comprehensive rural reform, the pastoral complex pays more attention to the level of "soul", is committed to the creation of artistic conception, and relies more on natural phenomena such as "sunrise, sunset, white clouds, breeze, drizzle", etc. This aspect cannot be ignored in the design, and if used accurately, it can also become a tipping point.
8. Give the landscape details a plus
Highlighting the quality of a design often depends on the details of the landscape, and the perfection of the details will add points to the original design itself.
Landscape details: road landscape, canal landscape, ridge landscape, retaining wall landscape, sign landscape, landscape sketches, animal and plant landscape, pavement landscape, fence landscape, etc.
3. Six major models
Mode 1 "Pastoral East" in Yangshan, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
In 2012, with the strong support of Yangshan Town, Huishan District, Wuxi City, the "hometown of Chinese peaches", the first pastoral complex project in the mainland, "Wuxi Pastoral East", was put into practice. The Pastoral Oriental Project integrates modern agriculture, leisure tourism, pastoral communities and other industries, advocates the harmonious integration and sustainable development of man and nature, and realizes the composite functions of ecological agriculture, leisure tourism and pastoral residence through the organic combination and symbiosis of "three productions" (production, life and ecology) and "three industries" (agriculture, processing industry and service industry).
【Model reference】
1. Commercialization of agriculture
The agriculture of Pastoral Oriental is supplemented by modern agriculture, leisure tourism and pastoral communities, and commercializes agriculture, positioning it as an agricultural platform for enterprise services. Yangshan itself has high-quality peach resources, and the project through corporatization, standardization, and technological operation, so that the formation of a modern industrial park can be used as the basic industry of the local society.
2. Diversification of the cultural tourism industry
Cultural tourism is a combination of ecological, natural and diverse tourism products and vacation products, as the foundation of the industry. For example, theme parks, different vacation products and resorts, boutique hotels, B&B clusters and camps, etc.
3. Innovate living methods
Pastoral communities are part of the community, serving Aboriginal and newcomers, as well as sojourners, eventually forming new communities and new towns. Communities are divided into two categories, one is to combine the policies and pilot projects of housing reform and land reform, and use collective construction land for development. In addition, the two communities are mixed with state-owned construction land-based development.
Model 2 "Pastoral Complex" in Jinshan District, Shanghai
When urban agriculture develops to a certain stage, how to increase farmers' income and become rich through transformation and upgrading is an important topic in Jinshan District. To this end, Jinshan District actively promotes the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, pays attention to building pastoral complexes, and gives full play to the economic, ecological and service functions of urban agriculture.
【Model reference】
1. Eat the sea by the sea
The Tianqiao Restaurant, which was the first to open in Jinshanzui Fishing Village, is now queuing up to eat seafood every day. Another Yongle Hotel, which received more than 150,000 visitors in 2016.
2. Develop cultural tourism around the word "fishing".
By the end of 2016, Jinshanzui Fishing Village had received a total of 3.2 million tourists. Now, even at 11 o'clock at night, you can still see the lights of cafes and bars and young people sitting and chatting, and there are many citizens and tourists who are reluctant to leave in the homestays. Focusing on the word "fishing", Jinshanzui Fishing Village has gradually become a "town that never sleeps".
3. Develop characteristic homestays in fishing villages
At present, more than 100 villagers' farmhouses have been rented out and used to open homestays, restaurants, coffee shops, etc., and the rent has more than doubled compared with the previous two years. There are 12 brands of characteristic B&Bs in the entire fishing village, and the number of rooms has reached 120, and you must book in advance to stay on holidays.
Mode 3 Anhui Feixi County "Guanting Linhai"
At the beginning of the planning, Guanting Linhai was designed in accordance with the multi-functional and multi-format operation, covering complex functions such as ecological agriculture, leisure tourism, and pastoral residence, and organically combining new industries with rural development.
【Model reference】
1. Retain the original ecology
The core industry of the Guanting Linhai Pastoral Complex is agriculture. In order to improve the hardware of rural tourism and enhance the service level, Feixi has transformed and even rebuilt the real estate and infrastructure construction, but it is still a village, especially retaining the original ecology of the countryside, integrating innovative forms such as circular agriculture, creative agriculture, and agricultural experience, and truly showing the life of farmers, rural customs and agricultural characteristics.
2. Farmers enjoy rights and interests
Feixi uses farmers' cooperatives as a carrier to carry out medium and long-term industrial planning for land management through land transfer, and develop modern and large-scale agricultural industrial parks, which is the basis for the construction of pastoral complexes. Farmers who join cooperatives can not only work in them, but also obtain income through equity and rent, so as to fully participate and benefit.
3. Realize the integration of civilization between cities and villages
In the vicinity of Guanting Linhai, Feixi County is transforming the countryside, with Guanting Linhai as the center, and gradually expanding to the periphery. The idea of transformation is to let the city and the countryside achieve the integration of civilization
Mode 4: Heilongjiang Fujin City "rice" dream space
In 2017, relying on its unique geographical and ecological advantages, Fujin City took "land art", "aerial viewing", "experience interaction", "science popularization" and "leisure and entertainment" as the components, through the mutual penetration and integration of various industries, and the "pastoral complex" as the carrier, organically combining leisure agriculture, health vacation, culture and art, and farming activities, which was known as the "rice" dream space of Chinese Antarctic tourism.
1. Plant colorful rice field paintings
In the 10,000 acres of high-standard rice demonstration base located in Yongsheng Village, Chang'an Town, Fujin, the main structure of the sightseeing pavilion has been completed. This "large plot" has 40,000 acres, the core area has 1,850 acres, and the landscape area has 819 acres. In the planning, a sightseeing tower, 12 sightseeing pavilions, and 20 sightseeing platforms will be built in the center of the scenic spot, of which the glass platform will be extended to the rice field, so that visitors can have the feeling of standing in the rice field. Around the observation tower, four giant colorful rice field paintings are planted using rice seedlings of six different colors, including "Chinese Dream", "Beautiful Village", "Great Granary of the Motherland" and "Sea Rice Boat". In addition, there will be landscapes such as a rice field water world, a scarecrow kingdom, a black soil mud pond, a plant maze, and a hot air balloon.
2. Develop all-for-one tourism
Fujin makes use of the nearby forest parks and wetland parks around the large plot, and focuses on building six farmhouses in the nearby villages, including Hongzhou Village, a new village for low-carbon health care workers and farmers, Liuhe Village with Manchu customs, Chaoyang Folk Culture Village, Galddang Village in Hezhe's hometown and a farmhouse food village, relying on the "pastoral complex" to develop all-for-one tourism for eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment.
3. Based on agricultural production
A total of 40,000 acres of contiguous rice in Fujin 10,000 acres of land, Fujin Northeast Paddy Field Modern Agricultural Machinery Cooperative has circulated 10,000 acres of rice this year, and the cooperative farmers plant rice to order, and the purchase price per kilogram of rice is 0.54 yuan higher than the market price. The cooperative has 38 seedling greenhouses, of which 8 will grow mushrooms and fungus, and the other greenhouses will grow fruits and vegetables for visitors to pick.
Mode 5: Sichuan - Duoli Farm, Hongguang Town, Pidu District, Chengdu
In 2013, it settled in Duoli Farm in Hongguang Town, Pidu District, and planned to build Duoli Organic Town in 6 villages including Hongguang Town and Sandaoyan Town, Pidu District, focusing on building an international rural tourism destination. It is estimated that the total investment is 15 billion yuan, the total planning area is about 20,000 mu, and 520,000 square meters of new rural communities, 630,000 square meters of family farms and 10,000 acres of organic ecological agriculture demonstration base will be built.
【Model reference】
1. High-end agricultural complex
The project has built 600 acres of organic ecological agriculture demonstration area, 12,000 square meters of greenhouses and sorting and packaging center of organic agriculture development scale. At the same time, as an agricultural complex relying on the development of high-end organic agriculture, it is also one of the few agricultural "entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship" parks in Chengdu.
2. Agricultural entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship carrier platform
In the farm, the 2,000-square-meter cultural and creative space of the agricultural entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship carrier platform has successively introduced the Maker Coffee Bar through the establishment of an urban agriculture entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship fund, and the provision of support policies covering talent training, technological innovation, investment docking, market development and other full-process entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship incubation services.
3. A new experience of international rural vacation
As the first global resort hotel to settle in rural China, Lux Hotel Management Group of France has created a new experience of rural tourism and vacation, and driven the transformation and upgrading of leisure agriculture and rural tourism by operating and managing rural hotels. At present, the construction of the first phase of 4,000 square meters of LUX theme hotel has been started, and the LUX coffee bar supporting the hotel has been opened to the public.
Mode 6: Inner Mongolia - Wudinghe Town, Wushen Banner, Ordos City
Since 2012, Wudinghe Town, Wushen Banner, has reviewed the situation and relied on the geographical advantages of Wudinghe Village, Wudinghe Town, which is located in the "Saiwai Xiaojiangnan", with a total planned land area of about 20,000 acres. Adopting the mode of enterprise operation, with Wushenqi Wudinghe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd. as the carrier, the existing scattered land of farmers and herdsmen will be integrated and transferred, and the development will be concentrated, so as to create an agricultural comprehensive circular development economic platform integrating agricultural experience, sightseeing, leisure and health preservation, etc., so as to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results between enterprises and farmers and herdsmen.
【Model reference】
1. Develop a good ecological green industry
To achieve balanced regional development, effective integration and utilization of resources, is the basis of the development of pastoral complex, Wudinghe Town to develop a three-dimensional ecological recycling agriculture development plan, on both sides of the Sarausu River, seize the opportunity of organic certification of green agricultural products, complete the organic food certification of a variety of agricultural products, and start the national organic food demonstration town declaration, the development of good ecological green industry, improve the comprehensive benefits and competitiveness of agriculture.
2. Rural tourism realizes the linkage of scenic spots
Relying on the business card of "the most beautiful township in China", Wudinghe Town has formed a linkage effect with scenic spots such as Sarawusu Archaeological Site Park, Batu Bay AAAA-level tourist attraction, the former office site of the Wushen Flag Committee after the autumn of 1949, and the former site of the first party group in Ordos. The pastoral complex has become a new highlight of rural leisure tourism in Wudinghe Town.
3. Build a modern leisure and health farm
Promote the development of all-for-one rural tourism, realize the organic integration of tourism and agriculture and animal husbandry, and turn agricultural landscape, village scenic spots and farm attractions into scenic spots. With the help of the unique topography and landform of Wuding River and good environmental resources, and the advantages of various dwellings such as caves and courtyards in Wuding River Village, we will build a modern leisure and health agricultural manor integrating leisure fishing, local folk customs, characteristic farmhouses, fishing houses, fruit and vegetable picking, etc., and develop leisure and health, sightseeing and vacation tourism and manor economy.
Finally, the key to pastoral complexes is the ability to integrate. Operators should not only grasp the tipping point and business model, but also use the pastoral complex as a platform to connect agriculture, industry and service industries and promote diversified development.