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文 | QIANYU
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One day in February 1938, two staff members of the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs came to a house in Moscow where a former leader of the Nanchang Uprising lived.
"Hello, is Mr. Li Lisan at home? We are his friends. ”
The door was opened by a woman, and in order not to startle the snake, they did not come up to show their intentions, but confirmed that the target of their trip was at home.
After being invited into the house by the hostess, the two staff members finally saw the goal of their trip - Li Lisan. The two quickly stepped forward, and before Li Lisan could react, they showed their documents and said:
"Mr. Li Lisan, we suspect that you are suspected of going to Japan, please come with us. ”
Why, then, did one of the leaders of the Nanchang Uprising, a veteran member of the Chinese Communist Party who had joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1921, have been "suspected of having access to Japan"? Why did he go to Moscow instead of leading the revolution at home?
Mistakes were made, sent to the USSR
In 1899, like the great man Chairman Mao, Li Lisan was also born in Hunan, and his home was in a place called Liling County. Li Lisan has been very smart since he was a child, and his father is also a talent in the late Qing Dynasty, which can be regarded as a scholarly family.
As a teenager, he experienced turbulent times, warlords, and witnessed the displacement and misery of the people, so he had a concept of saving the country and the people in his heart at a young age.
In 1919, Li Lisan came into contact with the May Fourth Progressive Thought on the way to study, so he embarked on the road of studying in France without hesitation, and came into contact with Marx's thought during his stay in France. Therefore, Li Lisan studied Marxism in depth while working and studying in France, and in view of the current situation in China, he decided that only Marxism could save China.
But the good times did not last long, and in 1921 Li Lisan was forced to return to China, and after returning to China, Li Lisan joined the Communist Party of China and began to shine for the emerging Communist Party.
As a talent who returned from studying abroad, the party organization gave Li Lisan a high degree of attention, and Li Lisan also lived up to expectations and has been shining for the party organization, and began to hold important positions in the party in 1926. However, the good times did not last long, and the decline after the defeat of the Great Revolution caused disagreements within the party about the future path of the revolution, and Li Lisan stood up at such a critical moment.
"We should not retreat to the south in a hurry, this will only allow the enemy to continue to compress our living space, we should concentrate our efforts on laying a base area, so that the revolution can spread!"
On July 2, 1927, at the Jiujiang Conference, Li Lisan felt that it was not feasible to "go south to Guangzhou" and proposed his own solution. Everyone's eyes followed Li Lisan's guidance, and a city appeared in front of them, and this city was Nanchang.
On August 1, 1927, the Nanchang Uprising broke out, as the first shot fired against the Kuomintang reactionaries, the Nanchang Uprising was of great significance in history, pointing out the direction of the Chinese revolution and achieving great success. The movements of the uprising attracted the attention of the reactionary army, and the rebel army was able to divide its troops south, preserving the flame of the Chinese revolution.
As one of the planners of the Nanchang Uprising, Li Lisan can be said to have been highly praised by the Central Committee, and Li Lisan also took advantage of this to have a place in the Central Committee, serving as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and secretary general and director of the Propaganda Department.
"We come out of the masses and know their hardships best, and we must fully mobilize the masses, and they are our solid backing. ”
After the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China, Li Lisan fully implemented the party's leadership program and the spirit of the Sixth Congress, carried forward the concept of winning over the masses at the Sixth National Congress, and made outstanding contributions to the restoration of revolutionary forces.
Not only that, when he heard about Chairman Mao and Zhu De's workers' and peasants' armed struggle for separatism, Li Lisan highly praised them and vigorously promoted and introduced his experience within the party. Later, he worked with Premier Zhou to promote Chairman Mao and established Chairman Mao's leading position in the front committee of the Red Fourth Army.
However, it was such an "old revolution" that made a fatal mistake. In 1930, because Qu Qiubai and Premier Zhou, who were in charge of the work of the Central Committee, went abroad for business, the burden of leadership fell on Li Lisan's shoulders.
I thought that Li Lisan, as a veteran party member with rich experience in struggle, would not have a problem handing over the work to him, but what everyone did not expect was that it was because of this move that the Chinese revolution was almost ruined.
Misjudging the situation, Li Lisan believed that this was the last moment of the Chinese revolution and that victory could be achieved by launching an all-out counteroffensive. As a result, in less than a month, the strongholds of our party in 11 provinces and cities were destroyed by the Kuomintang reactionaries, and the achievements of many years were almost destroyed.
For this reason, Qu Qiubai hurriedly returned to China to resume the party's leadership work, and Li Lisan was naturally canceled from his work for introspection. During the period of introspection, Li Lisan was deeply aware of his mistake and wanted to resume his work, but after the study of the party organization, it was decided not to restore Li Lisan to his party post for the time being, and he was sent to work in the Soviet Union.
was able to return to China in the end, and committed suicide unjustly
After arriving in the Soviet Union, Li Lisan was not commissioned to do political work, but was sent to a publishing house to take charge of publishing work. Although he was far away from the political center, Li Lisan also made a lot of outstanding contributions to the Comintern in the Soviet Union.
In February 1938, Li Lisan was sent to prison and expelled from the party by the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs because of the "suspicion of Japan", although the subsequent investigation proved that Li Lisan was innocent and was acquitted in 1939, but at this time Li Lisan could only be the most ordinary worker in the publishing house.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Li Lisan repeatedly applied to return to China to resist Japan, even if he was willing to die on the battlefield, but he was still rejected by the Soviet Union. For this reason, Li Lisan had to continue to wait in Moscow, and this wait lasted for 15 years.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Seventh National Congress of the Central Committee was held, at which it was decided to make Li Lisan a member of the Central Committee after research. In 1946, Li Lisan, who had been in the Soviet Union for 15 years, embarked on a journey back to China with his wife.
After returning to China, Li Lisan served as the head of the foreign liaison department of the Northeast Military Region, and was finally able to shine for the party again; this time Li Lisan did not dare to slack off, and devoted himself wholeheartedly to his work, and on October 1, 1949, at the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China, he climbed the tower of the city to watch the ceremony.
But the days in China did not last long, and in 1967, Li Lisan was not spared in that special incident. At that time, Sino-Soviet relations were bad, and Li Lisan was labeled as a "foreign country" and imprisoned because he had worked in the Soviet Union for many years and had a Soviet wife.
During his life in prison, Li Lisan's physical and mental torture constantly stimulated him and pushed him step by step towards the abyss. Finally, under the double stimulus, he couldn't stand it anymore and committed suicide in June 1967.
end
Fortunately, the matter was eventually properly handled, and thirteen years after Li Lisan's death, the central government rehabilitated Li Lisan and restored his reputation. At the memorial service, Li Lisan was commented on as follows:
"Comrade Li Lisan has served the country and the people all his life, and although he has made mistakes, his contributions have also been very prominent, and he has always kept the masses in his heart. ”
After Li Lisan was rehabilitated, the suicide note he left also appeared in the public's field of vision:
"Although I, Li Lisan, have made mistakes, I am absolutely loyal to the country, and I Li Lisan will never communicate with foreign countries!"