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How Outer Mongolia was lost and in whose hands it was thrown has always been a very controversial issue. Of course, we know that in the last years of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, Tsarist Russia was ready to move and occupied a large part of our territory, and even after the founding of the Republic of China, the actual control of Outer Mongolia was already in the hands of the Soviet Union, but the government of the Republic of China at that time did not recognize it, so when did the central government of the mainland finally recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia? This matter really has to be counted on the Chiang family and his son, why? This is evidenced by Chiang Ching-kuo's own self-report and diary.
As we all know, in 1945, the Allies were victorious, and the Big Three held a meeting in Yalta, and at this meeting, Roosevelt discussed with Stalin, saying that it seemed that China could not resist the Japanese on its own, and after eliminating Germany, he hoped that the Soviet army could directly enter China and help the Chinese defeat the Japanese invaders, let's be honest, according to Roosevelt's initial arrangement, there was no hope of letting the Soviet Union in, because Roosevelt also knew that you could not use the domestic soldiers in vain, and you had to pay the cost.
But in 1944, the national army's Yuxianggui rout really slapped Lao Luo in the face. Roosevelt thought to himself, you, the Chinese army, are too vulnerable, and the Allies have won victories in all theaters of World War II, and as a result, you have been beaten like this by the Japanese army.
So Roosevelt decided at that time that even after the complete victory in the European theater, even in the Pacific theater, the Japanese warships were blown up, and you were on the Chinese battlefield, and it was not easy for millions of Japanese troops to clean up, so Roosevelt was forced to discuss with Stalin, saying that after the end of the European war, whether the Soviet Red Army could turn around and enter China and fight the Japanese army, Stalin had to consider the national interests of the Soviet Union, so he said that it was okay to send troops, but one, he had to have a time to recuperate, and you couldn't say that he would send troops over immediately.
Second, I gave China such a great favor and helped you beat the Japanese invaders away, so you have to give something to China, so everyone in Yalta reached a secret agreement, Outer Mongolia must maintain the status quo, maintain an independent state, and completely cut off from China.
It was not until March 15, 1945 that Chiang Kai-shek learned about the main contents of the agreement through a telegram from Wei Daoming, the ambassador to the United States. Lao Jiang is used to expanding his territory and expressing his thoughts and feelings in his diary, but back to reality, Lao Jiang also knows that there is no way, you have to bow your head under the eaves of people, you can't fight the Japanese invaders yourself, and you need the Soviet Union to send troops to help, so although Lao Jiang is resentful, he also has no courage and strength to resist this unfair agreement formulated by the three major powers.
Therefore, Lao Jiang Xin said, "Well, I will send diplomats to the Soviet Union for a good talk, to discuss with Stalin, to see if there is any possibility of relaxation, and who to send?" Lao Chiang sent Soong Ziwen and Chiang Ching-kuo, so why did he send Mr. Ching-kuo?
As we said in the previous program, Lao Jiang felt that his son had studied in the Soviet Union for many years and had a few acquaintances with Stalin, and he could also speak Russian, and more importantly, Lao Jiang had already trained Mr. Jingguo as a successor at that time, and sent such a weighty person to intercede with Stalin, Lao Jiang thought to himself Is it possible to bring Outer Mongolia back?
In this way, in July 1945, before the Soviet Union sent troops and the Second World War was not over, Soong Ziwen and Chiang Ching-kuo went to Moscow to negotiate the terms of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance that were about to be signed.
Our China 7-year War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, because it was 1945 at that time, just 7 years of fighting, just to recover the lost land, today Japan has not been driven away, Northeast Taiwan has not been recovered, but such a large piece of land has been ceded out, will not lose the original intention of the War of Resistance, our people will definitely not forgive us, Stalin was not polite to Chiang Ching-kuo at all. Stalin said, "You have made a lot of sense, and I am not ignorant of it, but you should know that today it is not that I want you to help, but that you want me to help."
If you have the strength in your own country and you can fight Japan, I naturally will not make a request, and today you don't have the strength to say these things, then this is tantamount to nonsense, Stalin's words can be regarded as a hard blow to Chiang Ching-kuo, this is simply a bargaining businessman. I, the Soviet Union, sent troops to help you, and I should ask for this territory.
There is no morality to talk about in international politics, only interests, the so-called truth is within the range of artillery, especially in Stalin's later years, a lot of things are the interests of his own country, you go to war to kill people, it costs a lot, why should the Soviet Union help you China free of charge? So since you need the Soviet Union to send troops, you have to give Mongolia to Mongolia. Moreover, Stalin also replied frankly, to tell you the truth, the reason why I want Outer Mongolia is completely from a military strategic point of view. Chiang Ching-kuo kept arguing with Stalin and said that Outer Mongolia is such a big place, but there is no population, transportation is inconvenient, and there are no products, to be honest, he is independent, and the Soviet Union still has to support him.
But Stalin said that in the future, if a military force attacked the Soviet Union from Outer Mongolia, once the Trans-Siberian Railway was cut off, Russia would be in great danger. Chiang Ching-kuo explained that you don't need to have such worries militarily now, because if you send troops to defeat Japan, he will not rise again, and he will not have the strength to occupy Outer Mongolia anymore, and use this as a springboard to attack the Soviet Union.
There is only one power left in China besides Japan, but the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance is about to be signed, and we will sign it for 30 years as soon as we sign it, and China will not attack you. Stalin was completely unimpressed with Chiang Ching-kuo's words, Stalin said, I tell you frankly, if Japan is under the administration of the United States in the future, it will rise in five years, especially the relationship between China and the United States, of course, referring to the government of the old Chiang, if Outer Mongolia is returned to China, it is equivalent to being returned to the United States. Stalin was very worried that Outer Mongolia would become a springboard for the United States to attack the Soviet Union.
Therefore, no matter how Chiang Ching-kuo pleaded, Stalin insisted on one point: as long as you need me to send troops to fight Japan, sorry, you must come according to the Yalta Agreement, and Outer Mongolia must maintain the status quo, and Outer Mongolia must maintain its independence.
Chiang Ching-kuo later also recalled that he had to bow his head under the roof of people, and everyone should not forget that it was July 1945, the European battlefield had completely ended, the Soviet Red Army had conquered Berlin, and Stalin had millions of soldiers in his hands, so he had time to recuperate, and on the other hand, the Japanese invaders were still wreaking havoc on our land, and the two American atomic bombs had not been dropped.
The Japanese were still dreaming of 100 million pieces of jade, and the United States was considering at that time that if they were to fight street battles on the Japanese mainland and use warships to carry out landings, the United States would probably kill several million soldiers.
So on the Chinese battlefield, if the Soviet Union does not send troops, can it complete the counteroffensive against the Japanese invaders by relying on Lao Chiang's troops? It's also difficult, so Lao Jiang has no choice but to think about it, he hopes that the Soviet Union will send troops, but he doesn't dare to offend the three major powers of the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain, and in the end he can only swallow this bitter fruit, so the Nationalist Government led by Lao Jiang finally recognized the independence of Outer Mongolia, but Lao Jiang has a characteristic, that is, he does not admit defeat on the lips, on the surface you agree with the independence of Outer Mongolia, but in the internal structure of the Nationalist Government, and set up a Mongolian and Tibetan Committee, including the map of the Republic of China, and has always maintained the begonia appearance, as if Outer Mongolia was not lost in his hands, but Jiang Jingguo's self-report completely proves that the loss of Outer Mongolia has actually been counted on the old Jiang father and son。 Although they were also forced by the situation, after all, this was what they agreed.
Original author: Li Chengwei