Preface
Outer Mongolia is located in the northern part of the mainland, and this land with a total area of more than one million square kilometers was once part of the mainland territory in history.
However, through interviews with some foreign media, it will be found that the attitude of Outer Mongolians towards China is more of dissatisfaction and resistance.
So, what exactly do Outer Mongolians dislike the Chinese?
Ancient history rich in roots
In a video of interviews with ordinary people in Outer Mongolia, when asked by foreign media people what they think of China, many Mongolians talked about the historical hostility between Outer Mongolia and China, and the fact that Outer Mongolia was once ruled by the Qing Dynasty.
From their interviews, it can be seen that there may be a big gap between the history that the people of Outer Mongolia know and the history we know.
Although there are deep historical ties between Outer Mongolia and China, such as the Yuan Dynasty, which had the largest territory in the ancient history of the mainland, was established by the Mongols.
However, for today's Outer Mongolians, what they know about the history is more about the history of Mongolia under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
The Qing Dynasty was a unified dynasty established by ethnic minorities, and in order to ensure its rule, the Qing Dynasty must make as many political allies as possible.
Like the Qing Dynasty, the Mongols, who also belonged to the ethnic minority, were naturally regarded as allies that the Qing Dynasty could rely on, and in the more than 200 years of history of the Qing Dynasty, there has always been a connection of "Manchu and Mongolian marriages".
In addition, the Khalkha Mongols and other tribes that remained on the Mongolian Plateau at that time were constantly attacked by the Dzungar tribes of the Oirat Mongols.
The so-called "Oirat Mongols" actually mainly refers to the Mongolian "Warat" tribe during the Ming Dynasty, which was further divided into four parts during the Qing Dynasty, among which the Dzungar tribe gradually became stronger and began to launch wars against other Mongolian tribes.
In the face of the powerful Dzungar people, the Khalkha Mongols on the steppe were naturally powerless to resist, and many old and weak women and children were killed in the invasion of the Dzungars.
Under such circumstances, the Qing Dynasty actually gave the greatest support to the Khalkha Mongols, and through the bloody battles of the Qing army and other Mongol armies, the Dzungars were finally completely expelled from the Mongolian plateau.
Qing Army
It stands to reason that today's Outer Mongolians should be very grateful for the Qing Dynasty's great assistance.
But in fact, today's Outer Mongolia not only does not have any gratitude to the Qing Dynasty, on the contrary, they worship more of the Dzungars who can fight against the Qing Dynasty.
Galdan
In 2012, in the movie "Anukodun" filmed in Outer Mongolia, the Dzungar leader Galdan was portrayed as a hero who dared to resist the Qing army.
Stills from "Anukodun".
The Khalkha Mongols, who were victims of the Dzungar invasion, not only did not criticize the atrocities committed by the Dzungars in Khalkha, but instead sang the praises, which is undoubtedly a bit funny.
Stills from "Anukodun".
Why, then, would the Outer Mongolians commemorate an invader and not the Qing Dynasty who helped them?
A history of confrontation
For a long time, Outer Mongolia was under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, but with the continuous decline of the Qing Dynasty's national power, Tsarist Russia began to continuously increase its influence in Outer Mongolia.
Through a series of means, a large number of Tsarist Russian troops began to invade the Outer Mongolian region, and the Tsarist side continued to stir up the relationship between the Outer Mongolian tribes and the central court of the Qing Dynasty.
These measures by Tsarist Russia, as well as the decline of the Qing Dynasty itself, weakened the Qing court's control over Outer Mongolia.
During the Republican period, in order to strengthen their control over Outer Mongolia, the Russians (already the Soviet Union) demanded that the Outer Mongolians create a completely different language and script than the Uighur Mongolian script spoken in Inner Mongolia on the mainland.
Uighur Mongolian
At the request of the Russians, some Outer Mongolians at that time finally created a Cyrillic Mongolian script, which was similar to the Russian language, so after its appearance, it was vigorously promoted by the Mongolian authorities who supported and loved Russia.
Cyrillic Mongolian
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the mainland and the Soviet Union began to hold talks on the Outer Mongolia issue, but such negotiations have been shelved because of various problems.
In the 60s of the last century, with the break between China and the Soviet Union, the relations between Outer Mongolia and China also declined greatly, and many Outer Mongolian media at that time continued to promote negative news about China.
As a result, the perception of China among the people of Outer Mongolia has been declining, and many of today's old Mongolians were exposed to this information during this period, which led to the older generation of Outer Mongolians being more hostile to China than young people.
However, in addition to these historical factors, there are actually great practical factors that Outer Mongolians do not like China......
Helpless reality factor
Today's Outer Mongolia does not have any conflict of interest with China, on the contrary, there is a good complementarity between the Chinese economy of Outer Mongolia and China.
In Outer Mongolia, there are a large number of good natural resources, and these natural resources are urgently needed by mainland factories, so for Outer Mongolia, it only needs to sell Chinese resources honestly, and its economic development is definitely good.
However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, due to the great fluctuations in the political trend of Outer Mongolia at that time, Outer Mongolia became extremely chaotic at that time.
Therefore, in order to ensure the cohesion of the people, Outer Mongolia naturally needs to find a new trend of thought that can unite the people, and this trend of thought is "nationalism".
For today's Outer Mongolia, because it inherited the name "Mongolia" as the name of the country, it can "justifiably" incorporate the historical Mongol Empire into its own historical category.
But the problem is that when Outer Mongolia wanted to "inherit" Mongolian history, it found such a few problems.
First of all, as the inheritor of Mongolian history, it is naturally a necessary requirement to understand the writing of one's ancestors, right?
However, it was very difficult for Outer Mongolia, which had spoken Cyrillic Mongolian to its entirety, to find someone who could understand the traditional Uighur Mongolian script.
As a last resort, Outer Mongolia had to turn to the Mongolian people in the Inner Mongolia region of the mainland, and with the help of the Mongolian people on the mainland, many traditional Mongolian classics were understood by these Outer Mongolians.
In addition, although Outer Mongolia has the word "Mongolia" in its name, it is not the country with the largest ethnic Mongolian population in the world.
Outer Mongolia
According to the latest statistics, the total population of Outer Mongolia is only about 3 million, while the total population of Mongolian nationality on the mainland has exceeded 10 million.
Inner Mongolia on the mainland
Not only that, but for important figures in Mongolian culture, Genghis Khan's mausoleum is also located in the Inner Mongolia region of the mainland.
It can be said that although Outer Mongolia claims to be the "successor" of Mongolia, in any respect, the Inner Mongolians in mainland China are actually more worthy of the title of "successor".
Mausoleum of Genghis Khan
In the face of such a "threat", Outer Mongolia naturally does not have a very good view of the mainland (especially Inner Mongolia).
epilogue
Although there are various historical disputes between China and Mongolia, there is actually a lot of room for cooperation between the two countries in terms of practical economic development interests.
Especially for Outer Mongolia, if it wants to develop its economy, cooperation with China is actually its few outlets.
If we want to carry out better cooperation with China and develop the economy, Outer Mongolia should actually show the positive side of China to the ordinary people of Outer Mongolia and strengthen exchanges between them, so as to achieve the goal of common development.