In the 04/07 issue of Warm Heart, we read 15 articles focusing on: SCFA, Dietary Fibre, Brain Health, Ketogenic Diet, Older Adults, Social Isolation, Pyruvate, Sex Differences, Olive Oil, Artificial Sweeteners, Simulated Fasting Diet, Enhertu, Semaglutide Biosimilars, REVIV Global, Affinity Biosensors, Sehe Genetics.
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Nature Reviews：短链脂肪酸——连接饮食、肠菌和免疫的纽带（综述）
Nature Reviews Immunology——[100.3]
(1) Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid play a key role in the regulation of intestinal and systemic immunity, and they are also closely related to diet, microbiota and antibiotic use;(2) SCFAs affect epithelial barrier function and mucosal and systemic immunity through G protein-coupled receptor signaling or histone deacetylase activity;(3) butyric acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by directly acting on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, phagocytic cells, B cells, plasma cells, and regulatory and effector T cells;(4) SCFAs can also directly or indirectly affect the immune response in extraintestinal sites such as the liver, lungs, reproductive tract, and brain, and are associated with a variety of diseases;(5) This article emphasizes the importance of understanding the microbiota and its metabolic state through ecology, as well as the importance of engineered butyric acid-producing bacteria, and provides an intervention strategy focusing on SCFAs for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
【Original Information】
Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity
2024-04-02, doi: 10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8
Dietary fiber regulates the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, reducing the risk of diabetes
Circulation Research——[20.1]
(1) This study included 11,394 participants, and the results showed that higher dietary fiber intake was associated with a beneficial pattern of intestinal microbiota classification characteristics, microbial functional enzymes, and circulating metabolites, which were associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D); 3-Phenylpropionate and Cinnamoyl Glycine;(3) These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex relationships between dietary fiber intake, gut microbiota, and circulating metabolites, and provide insights into their potential role in T2D development.
【Original Information】
Gut Microbiota and Blood Metabolites Related to Fiber Intake and Type 2 Diabetes
2024-03-28 , doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.323634
The ketogenic diet improves metabolic abnormalities in patients with psychiatric disorders
Psychiatry Research——[11.3]
(1) This study explored the effects of the ketogenic diet on the metabolic and mental health of individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and metabolic abnormalities, and found that the dietary intervention had positive effects;(2) 23 participants experienced improved metabolic health after following the ketogenic diet, and at the end of the study, no participants met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, and there were significant reductions in body weight (12%), BMI (12%), waist circumference, and visceral fat (36%);(3) In terms of biomarkers, the Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) was reduced by 27% and triglyceride levels by 25% ;(4) In mental health, patients with schizophrenia experienced a 32% reduction in the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score, an average improvement in overall clinical global impression severity of 31%, and 79% of participants experienced an improvement of at least 1 point in the Clinical Global Impression score; (5) participants experienced a 17% increase in life satisfaction and a 19% improvement in sleep quality ;(6) This pilot trial highlights the potential advantages of adjuvant ketogenic diet treatment in individuals struggling with serious mental illness.
【Original Information】
Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Metabolic and Psychiatric Health in Bipolar and Schizophrenia: A Pilot Trial
2024-03-20 , doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115866
Nature of Fudan University: A balanced diet is essential for brain health in the elderly!
Nature Mental Health——[0]
(1) Feng Jianfeng and Cheng Wei and their team from the Institute of Brain-inspired Intelligence Science and Technology at Fudan University found that "healthier" balanced eating patterns in older adults were associated with better mental health, higher levels of cognitive function, and less risk of mental disorders, and that there was a genetic association behind these eating patterns;(2) Included the food preference data of more than 180,000 people with an average age of over 70 years old from the British Biobank, and identified four dietary subtypes: no starch or low starch (subtype 1), vegetarian diet (subtype 2), High protein and low fiber (subtype 3) and a balanced diet (subtype 4) ;(3) Subtype 4 showed fewer mental health problems and higher well-being scores compared to other subtypes, subtype 2 showed a relatively high level of mental health score and relatively low well-being scores, subtype 3 had lower well-being scores than other subtypes, and subtype 3 had a higher risk of anxiety, depression and stroke compared to subtype 4; Compared to other subtypes, subtype 2 exhibited a higher genetic predisposition to a range of psychiatric disorders, while subtype 4 exhibited relatively low polygenic risk scores for most psychiatric disorders and related disorders;(5) Subtype 3 showed significantly lower gray matter volume in 11 brain regions compared to subtype 4, while subtype 2 showed higher gray matter volume in the thalamus and precuneus regions;(6) Genome-wide association analysis identified 16 different genes between subtypes 3 and 4 that were enriched in biological processes related to mental health and cognition.
【Original Information】
Associations of dietary patterns with brain health from behavioral, neuroimaging, biochemical and genetic analyses
2024-04-01, doi: 10.1038/s44220-024-00226-0
JAMA Sub-Journal: Is Social Isolation Related to Eating Behavior and Mental Health?
JAMA Network Open——[13.8]
(1) healthy premenopausal female participants were recruited from the Los Angeles, California community to explore associations between social isolation and brain responses to food cues, poor eating behaviors, obesity, and mental health symptoms; (2) higher fat mass percentages, lower diet quality, maladaptive eating behaviors, and poorer mental health increased in participants with greater social isolation; (3) a network of default patterns in individuals with greater social isolation, (4) Brain responses to food cues are mediated by changes in brain regions of the executive control network and visual attention network and are associated with adverse eating behaviors and psychological symptoms;(4) The brain's altered response to food cues mediates social isolation and poor eating behaviors, increased body fat ratio, and decreased positive emotions.
【Original Information】
Social Isolation, Brain Food Cue Processing, Eating Behaviors, and Mental Health Symptoms
2024-04-01 , doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4855
Pyruvate – a new hope for inhibiting inflammation and losing weight
Protein & Cell——[21.1]
(1) This study revealed a novel mechanism by pyruvate targeting cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) to alleviate obesity and inflammation in mice, providing a potential nutritional intervention strategy for obesity treatment;(2) Pyruvate can significantly inhibit adipogenesis differentiation in vitro and effectively prevent weight gain, white adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic disorders in mouse models induced by high-fat diet;(3) Target protein stability analysis, proteomics, (4) pyruvate inhibits diet-induced obesity, white adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic steatosis in a cPLA2-dependent manner, and (5) cPLA2 deficiency can block the protective effect of pyruvate through in vivo and in vitro experiments, confirming the importance of pyruvate-cPLA2 interaction in pyruvate inhibition of inflammation and obesity.
【Original Information】
Dietary pyruvate targets cytosolic phospholipase A2 to mitigate inflammation and obesity in mice
2024-03-21 , doi: 10.1093/procel/pwae014
Domestic team: focus on gender differences: association of sodium and potassium intake with the risk of early death
BMC Medicine——[9.3]
(1) Jiaqi Huang's team and collaborators from Central South University revealed the association between sodium and potassium intake and overall and specific mortality through prospective analysis and systematic review, as well as gender differences;(2) During the follow-up period, high sodium intake (≥2000 mg per day) was significantly positively associated with overall and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and the sodium-potassium ratio was more strongly associated with mortality in women; (3) high potassium intake and lower sodium-potassium ratio were associated with reduced mortality, and this association was more significant in women;(4) sodium, The association of potassium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio with overall mortality was broadly similar in the subgroup of population risk factors, with the only exception that the negative association for potassium mortality was stronger in men with lower body mass index or lower fruit consumption;(5) very similar results based on a meta-analysis of updated cohort studies of 42 risk estimates, 2,085,904 participants, and 80,085 cardiovascular events;(6) daily sodium intake (in the range of 2,000 to 7,500 mg/day), There was a significant positive association between sodium-potassium ratio and CVD risk and overall mortality, with a stronger sodium-potassium ratio-mortality association in women than in men.
【Original Information】
Sex-specific associations between sodium and potassium intake and overall and cause-specific mortality: a large prospective U.S. cohort study, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis of cohort studies
2024-03-22 , Doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03350-s
Olive oil instead of lard, may it lower cholesterol?
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition——[7.1]
(1) A randomized, double-blind controlled crossover trial was conducted to recruit 18 subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance, divided into saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids rich diet groups;(2) Replacement of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was not found to have a significant effect on the breakdown rate and production rate of triglyceride enriched lipoprotein (TRL) apolipoprotein B-48, but reduced the pool size of VLDL apolipoprotein B-100;(3) This substitution also lowered LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol levels, and LDL apolipoprotein B-100 pools;(4) MUFA diet also lowered sphingolipid concentrations and increased phospholipid levels;(5) This study showed that MUFAs substitution of SFAs could reduce LDL-C levels by increasing the breakdown rate of LDL-apolipoprotein B-100, which had a positive effect on patients with dyslipidemia caused by insulin resistance.
【Original Information】
Substitution of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids from olive oil for saturated fatty acids from lard increases LDL apolipoprotein B-100 fractional catabolic rate in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial
2024-03-20 , doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.015
How do artificial sweeteners affect appetite and endocrine responses in overweight/obese adults?
EBioMedicine——[11.1]
(1) This study found no significant difference in hunger and endocrine response in overweight/obese adults compared to sucrose, but reduced postprandial insulin and glycemic responses in overweight/obese adults; Obese healthy adults were given a two-week intervention period using biscuits containing fruit filling, either 1) containing sucrose, or modified 2) stevioside M (StRebM) or 3) Neotame, for a total of 3 intervention periods, with a two-week washout period between each intervention period;(3) the three biscuits had similar effects on hunger reduction over three hours;(4) Compared with sucrose, Neotame and StRebM significantly reduced insulin levels at two hours after a meal, and StRebM also reduced blood glucose levels, while Neotame did not;(5) ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide1, or pancreatic polypeptide did not differ between the three biscuits;(6) short-term (1 day) versus long-term (two-week) intake of these alternative sweetener biscuits showed no significant difference in hunger and endocrine response.
【Original Information】
Acute and two-week effects of neotame, stevia rebaudioside M and sucrose-sweetened biscuits on postprandial appetite and endocrine response in adults with overweight/obesity-a randomised crossover trial from the SWEET consortium
2024 -03 -25 , doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105005
Simulating a fasting diet to help diabetic patients control sugar and reduce medication
Diabetology——[8.2]
(1) In this study, a 5-day simulated fasting diet (FMD) per month was used as an adjunct to conventional treatment for type 2 diabetes and was found to significantly reduce the need for glucose-lowering drugs and improve glycemic control; (2) in a 12-month randomized controlled trial, patients in the FMD group had significant improvements in glucose-lowering drug use effect scores, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and body weight compared with usual care; (3) 53% of participants in the FMD group had improved blood glucose management compared with only 8% in the control group (4) Integrating FMD programs into routine primary care is a safe and effective adjunctive treatment strategy for patients with type 2 diabetes who use metformin alone or diet for glycemic control.
【Original Information】
Integration of a fasting-mimicking diet programme in primary care for type 2 diabetes reduces the need for medication and improves glycaemic control: a 12-month randomised controlled trial
2024-03-28, doi: 10.1007/s00125-024-06137-0
Regardless of cancer type, Enhertu, a blockbuster ADC drug, received accelerated approval from the FDA
(1) On April 6, the U.S. FDA announced accelerated approval of Enhertu, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) jointly developed by Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca, for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive solid tumors who have received prior therapy and lack satisfactory alternative treatment options;(2) Enhertu is the first cancer-neutral HER2-targeted ADC therapy, which is particularly important for patients with HER2-positive rare cancers;(3) Approval was based on efficacy evaluations from three multicenter trials (DESTINY-PanTumor02, DESTINY-Lung01, and DESTINY-CRC02) in which 192 patients participated;(4) Enhertu's primary efficacy outcome measure was confirmed objective response rate (ORR), which was 51.4%, 52.9%, and 46.9% in the three trials, respectively;(5) Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca are also developing other ADC therapies;(6) Daiichi Sankyo has also entered into collaboration agreements with other companies such as Merck and Roche for ADC therapeutics.
【Original Information】
The first blockbuster ADC has been approved by the FDA for accelerated approval
2024-04-06 , 药明康德
There will be guidelines for clinical studies of semaglutide biosimilars for weight loss indications
(1) Recently, the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) of the State Food and Drug Administration (NMPA) issued the Guidelines for the Design of Clinical Trials for the Indications of Biosimilars for Semaglutide Injection (Draft for Comments) to provide reference technical standards for guiding the clinical research and development of biosimilars for semaglutide injection in mainland China in the future;(2) Semaglutide Injection is a long-acting (once-weekly administration) human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist developed by Novo Nordisk of Denmark;(3) Semaglutide has submitted a marketing application for a weight-loss indication product in China and is expected to be approved this year;(4) A number of domestic companies such as Federal Pharmaceutical and Huadong Pharmaceutical are developing semaglutide biosimilars.
【Original Information】
There will be guidelines for clinical studies of semaglutide biosimilars for weight loss indications
2024-04-06 , Beijing News
Cardone Ventures投资REVIV Global,助力精准营养
(1) On April 1, Cardone Ventures, a Grant Cardone company, announced an investment in REVIV Global and entered into a strategic partnership with it, (2) the strategic partnership will combine REVIV Global's technology with 10X Health System, the world's fastest-growing health brand, to launch a new precision nutrition test; (3) The new precision nutrition test will analyze more than 50 genetic factors related to weight and nutrition and provide a personalized 400-page report, (4) 10X Health System is also one of the companies in which Cardone Ventures invests.
【Original Information】
Grant Cardone's Cardone Ventures Leads A Strategic Investment And Partnership With REVIV To Launch World's First Patented Precision Nutrition System With 10X Health
2024-04-01 , Yahoo
Affinity Biosensors' analysers are approved by the FDA to guide the treatment of bacteremia
(1) On 3 April, Affinity Biosensors announced that its benchtop analyser, LifeScale AST, had received FDA market clearance to guide bacteremia treatment; (2) LifeScale AST uses microfluidic sensors to measure thousands of bacteria and enables rapid phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing, including identification of carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria;(3) With results in less than 5 hours, the system effectively helps clinicians determine which antibiotics are most likely to be effective in bloodstream infections, and (4) LifeScale AST eliminates the need for chemical sample preparation and handling, is cost-effective, high-throughput operation, has room-temperature consumable storage, and is compatible with existing microbial identification systems.
【Original Information】
Bacteremia Rapid Susceptibility Identification! In just 5 hours!
2024-04-05 , IVD 业者网
The IPO of Shiho Gene was terminated
(1) Recently, Shiho Gene announced the withdrawal of its IPO application on the Science and Technology Innovation Board, and the Shanghai Stock Exchange terminated the review; (2) Founded in 2013, Shiho Genomics focuses on the clinical transformation and application of high-throughput gene sequencing technology; (3) The company mainly provides genetic testing services for cancer patients, and has tested hundreds of thousands of tumor samples; (4) Shiho Genomics is a national high-tech enterprise, and its testing laboratory has CAP/CLIA/ISO15189 qualifications.
【Original Information】
重磅!世和基因IPO上市终止
2024-04-02 , IVD in vitro diagnostic network
Thanks to the reviewers of this daily newspaper: Jiu Qingchen, registered dietitian Chen Binlin, Zhang Tailiu, RZN, 617
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