A few days ago, in Dali Village, Bailian Town, Jiangle County, members of Yongxing Agricultural Professional Cooperative are operating drones to carry out field operations.
A few days ago, in Wan'an Village, Wan'an Town, Jiangle County, villagers used agricultural machinery to grab agricultural time and carry out rice transplanting operations.
Southeast Net reported on April 7 (Fujian Daily reporter Luo Yulun correspondent Dong Guansheng Huang Yanliang text/picture)
Core Tips
During the Qingming Festival, it rained a lot, and it was the right time to prepare for spring ploughing. In the past few days, in the Yongxing Agricultural Professional Cooperative in Bailian Town, Jiangle County, the bulldozer and rice seedling planter have been running at full capacity, and Yang Yongzheng, chairman of the board of directors, is busy with the members of the club for this year's spring ploughing preparation. "Before the start of spring ploughing, we had already received a lot of service orders. Thanks to these agricultural machinery, the preparation efficiency of preparation has been greatly improved. Yang Yong smiled.
Jiangle County, located in the northwest of Fujian, is a typical mountainous agricultural county. Among the 179,000 acres of cultivated land in the county, mountain ridge fields and terraced fields account for more than 60%. The reality of poor cultivated land conditions and insufficient agricultural labor force has caused the phenomenon of cultivated land abandonment to varying degrees in some townships and towns. "Who will farm the land and how to farm the land" has become a major problem restricting agricultural development.
The development and application of agricultural machinery technology has brought new impetus to the development of agriculture in mountainous areas. In view of the shortcomings of rice production and development in hilly areas, in recent years, Jiangle County has gathered the joint efforts of many parties, deepened the integration of machinery and technology, and promoted the formation of a development pattern of mechanization of rice production, innovation of promotion methods, and marketization of service methods, so that the mountain ridge loess will be green and vigorous again.
In March 2024, Jiangle County was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as the first batch of demonstration counties for the whole process of mechanization of agricultural production (main crops) by virtue of its outstanding achievements in the whole process of mechanization of rice production.
People who dare to eat crabs
"Director Zhang, when will this year's on-site meeting be opened? Remember to use the new technology for us first. Early in the morning, farmer Wei Chengjie excitedly knocked on the door of Zhang Ling, director of Jiangle County Agricultural Mechanization Development Center.
As the chairman of Jiangle County Chengjie Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative, Wei Chengjie likes new things and is very enthusiastic about studying and trying new technologies. Although he dared to try, although he was not understood, and was even labeled as "unreliable and unreliable", he still did not change his original intention, and finally because of an "unexpected harvest" was impressive. "In the spring of 2021, because of the trusteeship of other people's fields, I didn't have time to take care of my own fields, so I only took the time to use the live broadcast machine to sow seeds, use drones to fertilize and weed, and the harvest was even better than those 'old ways' of growing grain. Wei Chengjie shared with interest, and his eyebrows and eyes were full of meaning.
If Wei Chengjie, who boldly tried new technologies, was the brave man who was "the first to eat crabs", Zhang Ling, director of the Agricultural Mechanization Development Center of Jiangle County, was undoubtedly the first person to catch crabs for the brave.
Since coming to work at the center in 2006, she has begun to explore the mechanization and modernization of rice production. In 2011, the introduction of machine transplanting technology in Jiangle County has improved efficiency, but the complex terrain conditions of mountain ridge fields have limited the promotion of technology. "There should be more options for farmers. ”
In 2018, the news that Academician Luo Xiwen's team had developed a rice direct broadcast machine in Jiangxi piqued Zhang Ling's interest. Together with the agricultural technology department, she quickly assembled a team composed of agricultural machinery, agricultural technology experts and heads of cooperatives to investigate. The use of rice direct seeding machine can save the troublesome steps such as seedling raising and transplanting, and the efficiency is much improved compared with machine transplanting, and the results of this investigation are very satisfactory. But some people expressed concern: "It's good to have good things, but are we able to use the mountains there?"
"Whether it can be used or not, you have to try it first. "In May 2019, Jiangle County introduced a demonstration and promotion of rice direct seeding machine, and carried out a trial demonstration planting of 20 acres in Bailian Town. The technical guidance group of agricultural machinery and agricultural technology experts provides farmers with whole-process tracking technical guidance, and summarizes and standardizes the technical route according to the actual situation. At the time of acceptance in October, the average yield per mu of the demonstration plot was 609.7 kg, which was 45 kg higher than the average yield per mu of the field in previous years. The experiment was successful, and Jiangle County became the first county in Fujian Province to introduce rice direct seeding machines.
"At the beginning, the applicable areas listed in the promotion materials of the live broadcast machine did not include Fujian Province, and after our successful demonstration, the academician team was also very surprised. Zhang Ling said.
The application of rice direct seeding technology has become the beginning of the breakthrough of the problem of mechanized rice planting in the mountainous areas of Jiangle County. Under the technical research of personnel from agricultural machinery and agricultural technology departments, according to the different topography and climatic conditions in the county, three mechanized cultivation modes of machine transplanting, mechanical hole live broadcasting, and drone flying seeding have been gradually formed, and different mechanized technical routes have been formulated for different rice types such as early rice, and mechanized planting has changed from "single option" to "multiple options" of technical mode of machine transplanting.
Watch "live broadcast" in the live broadcast room
If you want to cultivate the farmer's field well, you must first win the hearts and minds of the farmer. How to get the recognition of new technologies has become the key to mechanization promotion. "Depending on the season, we hold on-site meetings before the start of farming to introduce new agricultural machinery and technologies to farmers. Zhang Ling gave a corresponding solution to this problem.
The sudden epidemic disrupted the original plan. At the beginning of 2020, notices were issued in various places prohibiting the gathering of people, and the site that had been prepared for a long time would face a shutdown crisis. But the farming season waits for no one, and the promotion of missing the farming season will be meaningless. Technology rollout seems to be at a dead end.
At a loss, Zhang Ling approached the Jiangle County Rong Media Center for help and put forward a "bold" idea: Can we use technical means to move the camera into the field and use a "live broadcast promotion meeting of rice on the cloud" to "bring goods" to the new technology? After discussing the relevant details, both sides think that it is worth a try.
Live broadcast of farming in the fields is the first time in the province. Fujian Provincial Agricultural Machinery Extension Station is also very interested in this new way, to help promote the QR code link in the live broadcast room to the relevant departments of agriculture in various places, and a different kind of "learning technology in the live broadcast room" will kick off.
The new attempt was full of success. The discussion of various new agricultural machinery in the live broadcast room continued to swipe the screen, and the cumulative number of online viewers was nearly 130,000, breaking the "ceiling" of traditional machinery promotion. "A maximum of 100 people can come to an offline live meeting, and it was originally expected that 500 people would be able to watch the live broadcast to achieve the goal. Zhang Ling said excitedly that after the live broadcast, there were calls from the agricultural machinery departments of Beijing and Inner Mongolia to inquire about the new experience, and Jiangle County became a high-profile place for agricultural machinery promotion for a while.
The success of the live pitch also benefited from a new way of coordination and collaboration between the various business units. In the past, agricultural machinery, agricultural technology, plant protection, seeds, soil and fertilizer related to agriculture were divided into five business departments, each of which undertook the task of technology demonstration and promotion. However, for a single crop species, the application effect of a single technology is far less significant than that of the superimposed application of multiple new technologies. In recent years, Jiangle County has changed the past single technology promotion practice, and actively carried out the demonstration and promotion of agricultural machinery "1 + N" integration, on the basis of deepening the integration of machinery and technology, focusing on the variety selection of demonstration fields and field water and fertilizer management, the effect of "1 + 1>2" is reflected in the increased yield of rice, which has won the praise of farmers.
Nowadays, each on-site meeting has become a "carnival" that farmers are looking forward to: in 2023, the city's first machine harvest loss reduction competition and the county's first machine transplanting skills competition will be held in Wan'an Town, and the rice field will be transformed into a competition field, which not only provides a stage for the operators to show their skills, but also allows farmers to more intuitively feel the operation effect of different brands and models of machinery. This year, a "rice planting competition" between humans and agricultural machinery is in the making.
"Every year, the promotion method is carefully planned in order to keep giving farmers a sense of freshness and attracting their continued attention. "The core of the promotion is to change the inherent concept of farmers, so that they can trust agricultural machinery and use new technologies." ”
Do it for the farmers, help the farmers to do it
The mechanized production method has won the recognition of farmers with its strength, and Yang Yong is one of them.
At the 2019 on-site meeting, as a harvester driver, he invited three or five friends to participate, and all kinds of agricultural machinery on the scene opened his eyes. Touched, he and his friends then established a cooperative, Yongxing Agricultural Professional Cooperative in Bailian Town, Jiangle County, and took the initiative to contact Zhang Ling, hoping to contract the demonstration field planting work of the Agricultural Machinery Center for 20 years.
"The use of agricultural machinery can greatly improve the efficiency of operations, do it for farmers, help farmers to do it, give full play to our strength, and make the mountainous fields 'green' again. Yang Yong said.
This is the epitome of the agricultural development of Jiangle County in recent years. In view of the modern agricultural development problem of "who will farm the land and how to farm the land", Jiangle County has innovated to build a "farming nanny station" with the theme of agricultural machinery cooperatives, providing small farmers with the whole process of mechanized services of rice "farming, planting, harvesting, prevention and drying", which has made a new change in farming.
Agricultural machinery cultivates and makes the land "live". In the past, the ridge fields were mainly cultivated by hand, but now most of the old people in the town are left behind, and "no one cultivates it, no one cultivates" is a major reason for the abandonment of fields. "Plots that are difficult to access by large machines can be sown by drones, and machine transplanting can increase the yield by 30%. Intelligent equipment brings new countermeasures to the utilization of land. Yang Yong said.
It is understood that in 2023, more than 6,000 acres of abandoned land and scattered land will be reclaimed by Jiangle County Agricultural Machinery Cooperative, benefiting more than 1,260 farmers.
Large-scale operation, so that the harvest "rises". In the past, farmers' fields were small and scattered, resulting in low productivity. Handed over to the cooperative for socialized management, the planting of crops, tillage time and farming mode can be planned in a unified manner, which is convenient for the cooperative's agricultural machinery to carry out unified services, form a large-scale effect, and make agricultural production more intensive.
According to estimates, on the same cultivated land, the same rice variety is planted at the same time, the contiguous custody area is more than 30 acres, the cost of mechanical operation is reduced by 10%, and the average cost saving and efficiency increase per mu of the whole custody service is more than 150 yuan.
"Cultivating a team of compound talents who understand agricultural machinery and can cultivate to provide guarantee for the sustainable and comprehensive development of agricultural mechanization is our next development goal. We will focus on the mechanization of the whole process of rice production, make up for the shortcomings, promote the comprehensive and efficient development of agricultural mechanization, and contribute to ensuring food security." Yu Fangshun, director of the Jiangle County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, said.
Reporter's Notes
Change the concept and adapt measures to local conditions
Fujian Daily reporter Luo Yulun
In the face of this problem, Zhang Ling, director of the Agricultural Mechanization Development Center of Jiangle County, gave an answer that is not complicated: change the concept and adapt measures to local conditions.
The introduction of technology cannot be just "take-it-or-leave-it". Any new technology and a new agricultural machinery have its relative scope of application. If you don't screen and transform, just "take it", the result is usually half the effort. Based on the actual situation of the region, on the basis of research and debugging, it can be "localized" and transformed, so that new things can "serve the water and soil", so as to maximize the effect. According to the different sizes of mountain ridge fields, the extension team widened or reduced the direct seeding machine that was originally fixed for ten rows of tillage, so that it could better adapt to different plots in the county, and promote the wide application of rice direct seeding technology in the county. Originally, a seeder can only be used for one crop sowing, and it is necessary to purchase multiple seeders to complete the sowing operation of a variety of crops in the whole season, which is easy to cause waste and idleness of resources. Through active negotiation and cooperation with agricultural machinery manufacturers, the team finally improved a new type of seeder that realizes "one machine for multiple seeding" by switching molds, and successfully reduced costs and increased efficiency.
To promote technology, don't just focus on "pushing it away". The most important thing in whether agricultural mechanization can be promoted lies not in whether there is advanced technology, but whether it can change the traditional thinking mode of farmers. Only by gaining the acceptance and recognition of farmers can new technologies and new machines be useful. To this end, on the one hand, Jiangle County continues to break through the same promotion methods, using innovative forms such as online live broadcast, offline promotion, and agricultural machinery operation competitions to continue to give farmers a sense of freshness and attract them to take the initiative to understand new agricultural technology. On the other hand, by inviting farmers to observe the whole process of planting demonstration fields, and through relevant policy support such as purchase subsidies, farmers can witness the yield improvement brought by new technologies, and personally feel the visible and tangible economic benefits brought by cost reduction and efficiency increase, prompting them to move from "persuading to use" to "actively using", and stimulating new vitality of agricultural production. Let the "sleeping land" be transformed into a "rich field" to ensure food security and help rural revitalization.