This article is published in the 5th issue of "Bashu Historical Chronicles" in 2023
A preliminary study on the construction of the collection of the Fang Zhi Museum
Willow
With the comprehensive development and progress of the economy and society in the mainland, the cause of local chronicles has attracted more and more attention, and as an open cultural service facility that reflects the natural, political, economic, cultural and social, historical and current situation of a specific region, the Fangzhi Museum is the most direct, closest to the public and the most down-to-earth service platform for the local chronicle system to play the functions of "preserving history, providing information and educating people", and is the secondary creation of local chronicles and appreciation. However, judging from the overall situation of the current construction of the Fangzhi Museum, the utilization rate of the Fangzhi Museum at all levels is not high, the social influence is limited, and there is still a lot of room for improvement in the construction level. Among them, the relative lack of collection resources and the imperfect collection construction system are the main problems faced by most Fangzhi museums, especially those at the prefectural level and below. In the modern sense, as a platform for all-round, three-dimensional and multi-angle display of regional culture, in order to better reflect the expressiveness of the exhibition, the planning and construction of the collection system need to be accelerated.
One
The conceptual positioning of the collection construction of the Fang Zhi Museum
A collection refers to a historical witness that is collected. It is a physical witness of human beings and the human environment, which can truly reflect the original appearance of things from different fields and aspects, and is the original material material for understanding human society and the natural world. The concept of collection is very wide, including items left by predecessors, cultural relics from archaeological excavations, as well as various natural specimens, scientific and cultural achievements, and industrial and agricultural products collected and collected. With the rapid development of society, the scope of the collection will continue to expand, the concept of the collection has far beyond the traditional connotation and extension, in the past it was believed that only the past, ancient things can be collected as collections, and now the latest, most cutting-edge representative of social development achievements have also been added to the scope of collections.
(1) Definition of the concept of Fang Zhi Pavilion
Fangzhi Museum is a public cultural service organization that collects, researches, develops and utilizes local history resources, comprehensively publicizes and displays local conditions, and is a comprehensive venue that comprehensively displays the history and current situation of a region's natural, political, economic, cultural and social history, and is a cultural platform for a rapid, macroscopic and vivid understanding of a place, with the characteristics of encyclopedia involving all aspects, integrity from ancient to modern, systematic logical evolution and uniqueness of local cultural genes. Based on the inheritance and development of local culture, Fangzhi Museum undertakes the functions of geographical research, collection and protection of local material and spiritual cultural objects, exhibition and display, professional consultation, information service, development and utilization, publicity and education, business training, cultural exchanges, etc., and is an important base for the masses, especially young people, to carry out education on national conditions, local conditions and patriotism, and is an important part of enhancing and enhancing the cultural soft power of a region.
(2) The type and scope of the collection resources of the Fang Zhi Museum
The Fang Zhi Museum is the material carrier of local chronicle work, and its collection resources must be based on local chronicle work to play a social service function. In terms of sources, they can be basically divided into two categories: official resources and private resources. The former is such as the official chronicles of the past dynasties, and the local chronicles and comprehensive yearbooks compiled by the contemporary local chronicle work institutions. The latter is such as all kinds of materials related to local chronicles from the people, such as ancient private chronicles, various genealogies, genealogies, and relevant local reading materials compiled by modern people. In terms of scope, it can be divided into two categories: intra-regional resources and extra-regional resources. The former is mainly based on various materials that directly reflect the geographical information of the region, and is the main body of the collection resources of most local chronicles. The latter mainly refers to the information collected by the Fang Zhi Museum, such as photocopies of old chronicles, published first and second round of chronicles, etc., which either have high historical value or have a certain connection with the culture of the region, and can play a due role in enriching the collection, inheriting the cultural context and enhancing exchanges. In terms of carriers, it can be roughly divided into two categories: paper resources and non-paper resources. Paper resources are relatively easy to understand, and will continue to be the basic composition of most collection resources in the Chronicles Museum for a long time to come. At the same time, the non-paper resources composed of physical resources and digital resources have become the direction of the construction of the collection resources of the Fangzhi Museum, and the physical resources are mainly various items that can reflect the historical and cultural accumulation of the region, such as documents with historical, artistic and scientific value, various handicrafts, private collections, etc., which are important "physical evidence" for the development of local history and culture. Digital resources are the results of digital processing of existing paper resources and physical resources by using advanced means such as network technology and information technology.
(3) The characteristics of the collection resources of the Fang Zhi Museum
The collection resources of the Fangzhi Museum are an important part of cultural resources, and compared with various cultural resources, its regional, professional and service characteristics are more prominent. The first is regionality. Generally speaking, the collection resources of the Fangzhi Museum should focus on reflecting the history and current situation of the area where the Fangzhi Museum is located, which is determined by the characteristics of the Fangzhi culture and the operation mode of the Fangzhi Museum at this stage. The second is professionalism. Compared with cultural venues such as libraries, archives, and museums, the Fangzhi Museum is an important place to promote Fangzhi culture, and the allocation of its collection resources should be based on the cultural characteristics of Fangzhi and strive to reflect the characteristics of the industry. The third is service. In essence, the Fang Zhi Museum is to turn the content of the chronicle into an exhibition of local conditions, so as to popularize the knowledge of local conditions, city conditions, and provincial conditions to the masses. It can be considered that the collection of geographical information is not only for the preservation of history and culture, but also for the provision of necessary cultural services to the society. The collection resources of the Fangzhi Museum, which takes local chronicles as the basic carrier, completely records all aspects of the economy, politics, culture and society in the region, and should be able to provide due cultural services for all walks of life in terms of geographical publicity and cultural research.
Two
The function and role of the construction of the collection of the Fang Zhi Museum
The collection is the crystallization of human wisdom, the precious spiritual wealth of mankind, and the most reliable original physical witness of social development and the evolution of the natural world. It plays an important role in the construction of the Fangzhi Museum, the development of display publicity, research and utilization, and other businesses.
(1) Give full play to social value
The collection is a necessary condition for the construction of the Fangzhi Museum, and it is the premise for ensuring that the Fangzhi Museum carries out business work such as collection, protection, research and utilization, and it gives the value of the Fangzhi Museum's existence. The holding of any exhibition needs the support of physical collections. If there are no physical objects, the public will not be able to understand the connotation of the exhibition from the material and spiritual historical precipitation reflected in the physical objects. At the same time, the real historical precipitation of a certain period reflected by the physical collection itself is also an entry point for Fang Zhi workers to study the social development, such as social production, economic construction, culture and education. From the perspective of intuitive exhibitions, as an important platform to display and publicize local history and culture to the public, the basis of its exhibition display is the collection on display. The construction of the collection of the Fang Zhi Museum protects and develops the value of various objects that reflect the local social life through absorption, and opens exhibitions on this basis, with comprehensive angles, rich connotations, strong viewability, and great attraction to the audience. Through visiting the exhibition, the audience will have a deeper understanding of the cultural history, relics and relics, folk customs, natural geography and environmental features of the region, which not only develops the local multiculturalism, but also is of great significance for people to understand and inherit the excellent traditional Chinese culture.
(2) Build a local education base
The exhibition content of the Fang Zhi Museum should focus on running a regional geographical situation exhibition according to the characteristics of the local history industry, which is the advantage of local history work and is also a very important content. We should make good use of the position of the Chronicle Pavilion to build the Chronicle Pavilion into a geographical information release center, and timely display and in-depth interpretation of the strategic planning and work objectives related to people's livelihood and economic development, so that the masses can understand and grasp the latest developments in the development of the region in a timely manner, and play a role in unifying thinking, working together, concentrating and promoting development.
(3) Systematization of the study of local characteristic culture
The nature of the work of the Fang Zhi Museum is to collect, organize, display and study the materials and relics related to the characteristic culture in the development of various aspects of a region. According to the local historical and cultural connotation, the Fang Zhi Museum should determine its own nature and development direction, find out the correct positioning, determine the focus of collection, highlight the characteristics of the collection, and collect systematic and comprehensive collection series in a purposeful and planned manner. After the end of the collection work, the collection should be systematically organized, classified and analyzed according to the same development context or similar evolution process, the scattered data should be concentrated, and the display should be systematically and completely carried out according to the timeline, so that the audience can obtain the corresponding knowledge information in the most intuitive and comprehensive way in less time.
Three
Strengthen the construction of the scientific system of collections
As an emerging undertaking, the collection of Fangzhi Museum is still in the stage of accumulating experience and active exploration, and the collection work shows great passivity, blindness and opportunism. Therefore, how to better carry out the collection of collections is worthy of our consideration and exploration.
(1) Broaden ideas and establish a wide range of information networks and channels for soliciting information
In the collection of collections, the Fang Zhi Museum should further broaden the collection channels and increase the collection of collections. The first is to expand the scope of collection and enrich the categories of collections. The construction of the collection of the Fang Zhi Museum, in addition to the paper collections, should pay more attention to the collection of all kinds of physical collections, with a rich category and a large number of physical collections as the foundation, the exhibition of the Fang Zhi Museum will have a solid guarantee, and the connotation presented can be richer and fuller. The second is to collect a series of collections from private collectors. Since the reform and opening up, the folk collection activities in the mainland have been developing day by day, the collection team and collection organizations have gradually grown, and the collection varieties have increased day by day. The Fang Zhi Museum should further strengthen its contact with them in terms of collection collections, such as jointly organizing collection exhibitions and cooperative research with them, and helping them to carry out collection services, such as providing advice on maintenance, restoration, and appraisal. On this basis, it is necessary to understand and grasp the information and intentions of private collectors whether they have sold or donated collections, formulate incentive policies to encourage private collectors to donate or transfer collections for a fee, and gradually guide and make the development of private collections an important way for the Chronicle Museum to obtain collections in the future.
(2) Formulate a scientific collection plan and comprehensively build a collection system
For the collection of collections, it is very necessary to formulate a scientific collection plan, and the development of this work will help to clarify the deficiencies and defects of the existing collection system, and will be of great help to supplement what kind of collections to improve the collection system, and carry out purposeful and scientific collection on the basis of investigation and research. In particular, for the shortcomings of the current collections, it is necessary to focus on consideration and planning, and include the collections with certain collection value and suitable for their own characteristics into the collection plan.
In the construction of the collection system, the first is to build the framework of the scientific system of the collection. The collection system of the Fang Zhi Museum should not only accommodate all aspects of local history and social development vertically, but more importantly, have a horizontal grasp and reflect the key highlights, and also have a complete record of the various cultures and circulating information contained in the collection. Only such a collection composition can ensure that the Fang Zhi Museum has enough exhibits to support the display and dissemination of various local cultural characteristics when planning various exhibitions. The second is to strengthen the construction of the scientific system of collections. First of all, it is necessary to ensure the funds and human resources for the collection of collections. The Fangzhi Museum should firmly grasp the historical opportunity of the current cultural development, strive for more policy and financial support from the government, and provide convenience for the regional characteristics and scientific improvement of the collection system of the Fangzhi Museum. At the same time, it is necessary to set up a professional work team to ensure and improve the professional quality and professionalism of the collection staff, and realize the sustainable development of the collection team. It is also necessary to pay attention to the local characteristics of the construction of collections. The establishment of a scientific system of collections should be closely followed by the local collection principles, focusing on the collection of local typical and expressive collections, and providing detailed physical foundation and professional research support for the exhibition content.
Four
Strengthen the research and utilization of collections
On the basis of clarifying its own nature, tasks and needs, the collection of the Fang Zhi Museum selects the most valuable and educational objects related to important local events and important people. On this basis, the situation of each collection is specific and practical, and whether it meets the collection standards of the Fangzhi Museum requires the collection workers to collect the collection information and materials as comprehensively as possible to make the most accurate decision after research, so as to reduce the collection of items that do not meet the collection criteria, and not to omit the collections with important value or potential important value.
(1) Comprehensive and in-depth excavation of information on physical collections
In addition to the message conveyed by the exterior of a collection, the inner elements are the soul of the collection. Fang Zhi Museum needs to grasp the comprehensiveness of its collections, and fully grasp and analyze the "dominant genes" of each collection, and also record the "recessive gene" information such as the background and environment produced by it as completely as possible, so that a collection can be regarded as realizing its true value. Only on this basis can the display of local chronicles be comprehensively, comprehensively and richly reflected the local environmental resources, history and culture, economic society and customs.
(2) Pay attention to the research and refinement of the regional history and culture of the collection
The refinement of local historical and cultural highlights and key points is the starting point of the exhibition content planning, and it is also the direction of the establishment of the characteristic collection system, which should be based on solid local history and culture research, through the in-depth study of local history and culture, politics, economy, humanities, customs, education, intangible cultural heritage, etc., to refine and construct the collection support structure and information points required for the display of local history, enhance the pertinence and scientificity of collection collection and classification, and establish a more scientific and scientific collection that adapts to the spread of the Fangzhi Museum. Systematic collection structure.
(3) Make full use of information technology to establish the association of the collection system
In recent years, the informatization development trend of the modern Fangzhi Museum, represented by the construction of the Wisdom Fangzhi Museum, has brought more possibilities for the construction of the collection system of the Fangzhi Museum. On the one hand, this work requires, on the one hand, the establishment of as many tags as possible for the registration of information in the collection resource management system. On the other hand, it is also required that the collection system interface and data "get through" with various professional systems such as exhibition, education, and cultural creativity, and realize the "secondary construction" of collection resources and information with the help of technologies such as "knowledge graph", artificial intelligence, big data visualization output and image digital analysis, and play a greater role in the informatization work of Fang Zhi Museum.
Five
epilogue
The establishment and development of the Fang Zhi Museum began with the collection of collections. The construction of the collection and the research and utilization of the collection is a long-term basic work of the Fang Zhi Museum. At the same time, with the development of society, the construction of collections should also keep pace with the times and continue to innovate. The Fang Zhi Museum should be based on the contemporary and focus on the future, collect all kinds of collections suitable for its own development, and actively explore the ways and methods of collection and utilization, so as to serve the sustainable development of the Fang Zhi Museum, preserve the local memory and historical commemoration of today's social development for future generations, leave valuable spiritual wealth and cultural heritage, and build a bridge of communication across time and space between the present and future public. The Fang Zhi Museum has played an important role in connecting the past and the present, and will certainly play an important role in connecting the future, contributing to social progress and adding luster to human civilization.
Special Tips
Please indicate: "Source: Fang Zhi Sichuan"
Source: Sichuan Provincial Office of Local Chronicles
Author: Yang Liu [Chengdu Yearbook Society (Chengdu Fangzhi Museum)]