Technical guidance for spring production of sugarcane in 2024
In order to do a good job in the field management of sugarcane in spring and promote the improvement of sugarcane production, reduce costs and increase efficiency, the Department of Planting Industry Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and relevant experts of the Sugar Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, researched and put forward technical guidance on sugarcane spring production in 2024.
1. Planting and management of new cane plants
(1) Variety selection. Select sugarcane varieties suitable for the region, such as Guitang 42, Guiliu 05136, Guitang 44, Guitang 55, Yuncane 081609, Yuncane 0551, Yuetang 61, Zhongtang 3, etc.
(2) Mechanical planting. Advocate deep ploughing and fine harrowing, fine land preparation, so that the cane soil reaches deep, loose, fine and flat, promote mechanical planting technology, apply the "ditching-planting-soil covering-mulching" integrated machine, and use the detoxified healthy seedlings of summer planting and spring harvesting double bud section planting, with 2000-3000 double bud sections per mu.
(3) Water-saving, drought-resistant, light and simple cultivation. In the sugarcane area without irrigation conditions, the whole film covering technology, wide film double furrow covering technology, one-time fertilization technology and other modes are adopted, and after the cane ditch is excavated, the cane ditch is moist and planted, fertilized and pesticide applied in time to cover the plastic film. In the "double high" base with irrigation conditions, the integrated cultivation technology of drip irrigation water and fertilizer under film is adopted to regulate soil moisture and nutrients, reduce water evaporation, accurately drop fertilizer and medicine, and improve water and nutrient use efficiency.
II. Root Root Management
After the sugarcane is harvested, the cane leaves are recycled, and the leaf tips are mechanically crushed and returned to the field in time and the ridges are loosened and fertilized. When the leaf tips are crushed, the cane pile above the ground is crushed to achieve flat stubble, so as to promote the germination of underground buds and ensure that the seedlings are neat and the stem formation rate is high.
3. Pest prevention and control
From late March to May, sugarcane seedlings are prone to pests and diseases, and prevention is the main focus and comprehensive control. At the seedling stage, it is more likely to cause damage to pests such as borers, thrips, and beetles, so it is necessary to apply pesticides such as chlorpyrifos, insecticidal double granules, and Fugo with base fertilizer. Promote green prevention and control technologies such as red-eyed bees, sexual attractants and food attractants, and light traps to reduce pesticide use.
4. Field management
For dryland sugarcane without irrigation conditions, compound fertilizers and pesticides should be mixed and applied when new plants or roots are managed. For the sugarcane orchard cultivated with integrated water, fertilizer and medicine, water and fertilizer can be dripped at the seedling stage, tillering stage and jointing stage. When selecting herbicides, it is necessary to fully understand the characteristics of herbicides and the resistance of sugarcane varieties to avoid damage to sugarcane leaves and inhibit the growth of sugarcane.
Technical guidance for spring sugar beet production in 2024
In order to do a good job in preparing for spring sowing of sugar beet, strengthen spring production guidance, and ensure the stable development of sugar beet production throughout the year, the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and relevant experts of the Sugar Expert Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, will study and put forward technical guidance on spring production of sugar beet in 2024 according to the production characteristics and climatic conditions of different sugar beet producing areas.
1. Pre-broadcast preparation
(1) Land selection and land preparation. Try to avoid heavy stubble and plots with corn and soybean herbicide residues, and the land preparation should be fine, broken, flat and solid, without stubble, and without root stubble.
(2) Variety selection. The pelletized single-embryo beet varieties with a germination rate of more than 95% were selected, and the high-sugar varieties were preferentially selected in the northwest production areas, and the high-yield varieties resistant to arbuscular root disease and brown spot disease and root rot resistance were selected in the North and Northeast producing areas.
(3) Application of seed fertilizer. Generally, 50-60 kg of special fertilizer for sugar beet is applied per mu, and insecticides such as chlorpyrifos granules or carbofuran butylthiob granules are mixed evenly with seed fertilizer before sowing to prevent underground pests such as grubs.
(4) Soil sealing. 1-2 days before sowing, herbicides such as metolachlor, metolachlor, and benzinone were selected, and the soil was closed according to the indicated dosage.
Second, sowing seeds at the right time
(1) Mechanical live broadcast. Planting generally begins in mid-to-late March in the northwest and around mid-April in the north-east and northeast regions. In spring, when the surface temperature of 5 cm is stable above 5 °C for 5 consecutive days, sowing can be done in time. Sow 7000-8000 holes, sowing depth of 2-3 cm is appropriate, should not be too deep. Drip irrigation is carried out immediately after sowing, and the irrigation rate is 20-30 cubic meters per mu. In case of windy and high temperature, you can make up a drop of seedling water. After sowing under drip irrigation planting, attention should be paid to the field seedling inspection and seedling release to prevent seedling burning. The plots with poor moisture are replenished in time by adding drip irrigation or mobile sprinkler irrigation equipment to ensure the whole seedling. Generally, the seedlings per mu need to reach about 6,000 plants.
(2) Paper tube seedlings
1. Seedbed preparation. Choose a plot of land with leeward and sunny terrain, flat ground and good drainage as the seedling site and build a plastic greenhouse. Choose the fertile topsoil that has not been planted with sugar beet for more than 5 years as the seedling soil, and avoid using saline-alkali soil, clay, raw soil, sandy soil and soil with herbicide residues. 300 kg of seedbed soil plus 2 kg of seedbed special fertilizer mixed evenly, seedbed mattress height above the ground 10 cm, and flat, rolled, do not use "underground or semi-underground bed" seedlings.
2. Seedling management. Seedling sowing time from late March to early April, pay attention to heat preservation, the temperature in the shed during the day to keep at 25 °C-30 °C, night above 10 °C. It is necessary to control the temperature and humidity to prevent the occurrence of blight at the seedling stage. The seedbed can be sprayed with Fumei double wettable powder to prevent and control blight. After sowing, the seedlings will emerge 7 days later, and the beet seedlings will be sprayed with beet seedling booster after they grow to a pair of true leaves to prevent growth.
3. Transplanting. The seedling age is 30-35 days before transplanting, and it should be watered before transplanting, so that the seedbed has enough water and is easy to separate the paper tube. After transplanting, the seedling water should be dripped in time, and the irrigation amount should be 20-30 cubic meters/mu. Generally, the seedlings per mu need to reach about 6,000 plants.
3. Cultivating and weeding
When the beet grows to 6-8 leaves, it is mechanically cultivated 1-2 times, and after the 8-leaf stage, it is combined with fertilization to carry out a permeable irrigation to achieve rapid ridge sealing. According to the weed situation and sugar beet seedling age, before the weed 3-4 leaf stage, 2-3 times of low-dose chemical weeding, after the ridge sealing, the appearance of large grass needs to be manually pulled out in time. Commonly used gramineous herbicides include quinethalin, quinoxalin, dichloropyridic acid, etc.
Fourth, pest control
(1) Disease prevention and control. The main disease at the seedling stage is blight, which can be sprayed and prevented by Fumei Shuang according to the instructions for use, and drip irrigation planting under the film can be applied with water. After beet ridge sealing, it is necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of brown spot disease, and difenoconazole, tin triphenylacetate and carbendazim can be sprayed for prevention and control according to the instructions for use.
(2) Pest control. The main insect pests at the seedling stage are beet weevil, grub, ground tiger, etc., which are controlled by the compound use of organic phosphine and pyrethroids. To control underground insect pests such as grubs and ground tigers, special pesticides can be used for spraying and directional root irrigation, and ground tigers can also be used to sprinkle poisonous baits between the rows for control.
Author | Department of Planting Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center
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