Today in Sasha's history.
Author: Sasha
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Why did the Han Dynasty eliminate the Northern Xiongnu and leave the Southern Xiongnu?March 27, 87 BCE: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Liu Fuling as the crown prince.
The Han Dynasty destroyed the Northern Xiongnu, so why did it leave a Southern Xiongnu behind? Since Chen Tang had destroyed Zhizhi Shan Yu, why was there only one Hu Han Evil who was not strong?
The reasons are not complicated, the main thing is how to deal with the Huns.
First, it is impossible to kill all the Huns.
Since you are the Huns who surrendered to Chengcheng, can you still kill all the Southern Huns?
Taking a step back, even if you have the heart to do so, you may not succeed.
The Southern Xiongnu still had a certain strength, and it was no problem to dispatch tens of thousands of troops, and they were nomadic cavalry.
These people have horses, knives and bows and arrows, and they can't sit back and wait for you to come and slaughter, and they will definitely resist.
At the very least, they got on their horses and drove away, no problem.
Take 10,000 steps back and say, even if you can wipe out all the Southern Xiongnu, it will do more harm than good.
After you have done such a thing, how dare the nomads take refuge in you?
Then, the Huairou policy of the Han Dynasty will all fail, and in the future, you can only fight hard with the nomads every time, and I don't know how many more people will die.
Second, the Southern Xiongnu was a strategic buffer.
The Han Dynasty placed the Xiongnu Zhonglang general and controlled the Southern Xiongnu tribes. The distribution area includes Qingyang, Ningxia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, northern Hebei Province in present-day Gansu, and the area from Hohhot to Baotou in Inner Mongolia.
In this way, the Southern Xiongnu blocked the north of the Han Dynasty.
If the Northern Xiongnu or other nomadic peoples invaded south, they would first attack the Southern Xiongnu.
For the Han Dynasty, this strategic buffer was quite important.
In 62 AD, the Northern Xiongnu attacked Wuyuan and Yunzhong, but were repelled by the Southern Xiongnu Shan Yu.
Because the Southern Xiongnu were weak, they had to rely on the military assistance of the Han Dynasty if they wanted to survive, and they did not dare to rebel casually.
And the Northern Huns want to eat the Southern Huns in one bite, and they don't have this kind of strength.
Then, the Han Dynasty could use a small amount of aid and military action to make it impossible for the Huns to unite and invade south.
This is a very advantageous thing.
Third, the Southern Xiongnu could assist the Han Dynasty in its wars.
Historically, the Southern Xiongnu fought many times with the Han army, some against other nomads, and some against the Northern Xiongnu.
Including the battle of the demise of the Northern Xiongnu, the Southern Xiongnu also contributed a lot.
Between 89 and 91 AD, generals such as Dou Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty cooperated with the Southern Xiongnu to penetrate deep into the Saiwai and defeat the Northern Xiongnu.
In these battles, the Southern Xiongnu mainly acted as a cavalry unit of the Han army, playing a supporting role.
In ancient times, it was very difficult and expensive for the farming people to organize cavalry units.
First of all, a well-trained war horse is expensive, and it requires long-term training to fight; second, cavalry training is not something that can be completed in a short period of time, and it takes at least a few years of rigorous military career.
In short, the cavalry of ancient times was equivalent to the current armored forces, which were expensive and took a long time to build.
And the best way for the Han people to deal with the nomads is to use cavalry, so as to break the cavalry. The main thing is the nomadic cavalry tactics, which are all hit-and-run. If the Han use a large number of infantry, even if the combat effectiveness is much stronger than that of the cavalry, it will not be able to catch up because of the lack of mobility, and it will be useless on the battlefield. It is difficult for the Han people to quickly assemble a large number of cavalry units, and even if they are formed, they may not have strong combat effectiveness.
For the nomads, the formation of a cavalry corps was not a matter at all.
The adult men of the nomadic people, who were originally all warriors, rode horses to hunt every day, and killed the enemy on horseback during wartime, could be converted at will, and did not need to train cavalry at all.
In addition, the nomads had well-trained war horses, which could form thousands of cavalry units in a short time.
Then, the cavalry army of the Southern Xiongnu can just make up for the shortcomings of the cavalry of the Han Dynasty.
In fact, the existence of the Southern Xiongnu still caused great damage to China.
When the Han people were strong, they were certainly not afraid of the threat of the Southern Xiongnu.
Once the Han people declined, the Southern Xiongnu would instantly become a confidant, and the threat would be greater than that of the Northern Xiongnu.
In 216, Cao Cao detained Huchuquan Shan Yu and sent the Right Xian King to the Beijian State to divide the Southern Xiongnu into five parts, namely the left, right, south, north, and middle, and placed them in Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei respectively.
In Cao Cao's view, the Southern Xiongnu harassed the frontier all year round and moved them south to Han territory, which was conducive to long-term management.
Who knows, the southward migration of the Southern Xiongnu planted a time bomb for the Han people.
During the reign of Emperor Cao Huan of Wei before the fall of Cao Wei, Liu Yuan, the son of Liu Bao, the king of Zuoxian, ran to the capital of Cao Wei as a hostage.
After Liu Bao's death, Liu Yuan became the king of Zuoxian of the Xiongnu and returned to Bingzhou to lead the tribe.
Unlike other Hu people, Liu Yuan has lived in the hinterland of the Han people for a long time, and knows everything about Cao Wei very well, which can be said to be a confidant of himself and his enemy.
In 290 AD, Yang Jun named Liu Yuan as the governor of the five ministries and the prime minister of the five southern Xiongnu departments. As a result, Liu Yuan became the leader of the Southern Xiongnu.
At this time, the Hu people in the territory of the Han people in the north had developed to a very large scale: 700,000 Xiongnu, 800,000 Qiang, and 1 million Di.
All the Hu people are soldiers, and these ethnic groups have more than 100,000 armed forces, and they have the conditions for rebellion.
It didn't take long for the world to be in chaos. During the rebellion of the Eight Kings of the Jin Dynasty, the Han forces in the Central Plains fought against each other, the country was almost destroyed, and the military strength was also exhausted in the internal strife.
Liu Yuan thought that this kind of opportunity was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, and began to try to get his hands on the Guannai and become the emperor of the Central Plains.
Therefore, he relied on the military strength of the Xiongnu to claim the emperor and establish the former Zhao, which opened the prelude to the Wuhu Rebellion.
The Wuhu Rebellion lasted for more than 130 years, bringing extinction to the Han people in the north.
Fudan historian Ge Jianxiong believes that the population loss during the Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms period was only slightly smaller than that in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and only about 30% of the population remained during the valley bottom period.
You must know that the Eastern Jin Dynasty of the Han people in the south was relatively stable, with few wars and few population losses. In other words, the vast majority of the population loss comes from the Han people in the north.
According to historical records, before the Wuhu Rebellion, there were more than 20 million Han people in the north. However, after the Wuhu Rebellion, there were only more than 4 million Han people left in the north, and the losses were as high as four-fifths, and the Han people in many areas were almost killed.
What's even more terrifying is that the Hu people are relatively backward, barbaric in their concepts, and brutal in their behavior.
In the eyes of the Hu army, the slaughter of the city in the war was originally an ordinary thing, and there was nothing unusual. Even when the Hu armies fought each other, they would slaughter the predominantly Han Chinese cities, with the male members of the Han dynasty and the women enslaved.
During the Wuhu Rebellion, there were as many as 25 massacres of cities with clear historical records.
According to the record of the Book of Jin, wherever the Hu troops went, they "slaughtered cities and plundered thousands of miles, burned, killed, and plundered, and there was not one out of ten clans in the Central Plains".
The fragment of "Jin Yangqiu" records that the "Shile" of Later Zhao slaughtered as many as 100,000 people at one time.
In the eyes of the year, none of this was a big deal!
What's even more exaggerated is that after the Hu people established the country, they carried out national oppression on the Han people: after the establishment of the Hu regime, the Hu people occupied a dominant position, and began to respect the Han people, and the Hu people oppressed the Han people, and even called the Han people sons, slaves, and dogs. Most of the Hu people call themselves "Chinese people", respect the Hu people, and even prohibit "Hu" and other titles. Not only that, but these regimes mostly adopted the "Hu-Han partition" and treated the Han and Hu ethnic groups differently.
As for the Hu people like the Qiang tribe and the phenomenon of cannibalism, this is the famous two-legged sheep, because it is too bloody, so I won't say much!
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