In Chinese history, among a series of dynasties, there have been a series of impeccable dynasties, such as the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, etc., all relying on their own sword and gun struggle. Compared with the above-mentioned dynasties, there are also a series of dynasties, which belong to the dynasty that is not right. Due to the impropriety of the country, after the establishment of the dynasty, in order to prevent other forces from imitating themselves. As a result, a series of very disruptive decisions were introduced. So, what dynasties are there?
1. A series of operations of the Jin Dynasty laid the root cause for the confrontation between the North and the South
As we all know, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a complex situation of warlord melee and pattern, and Yuan Shao, Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Sun Quan, Liu Biao, Lu Bu and other forces repeatedly fought and fought for dominance in the world. Finally, around 222 AD, the situation of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu was basically formed. This history is very familiar to everyone. For the Cao Wei regime in the north, it had an overwhelming advantage in terms of population, arable land, and other data that reflected the overall national strength. At the same time, the Cao Wei regime also needed the support of various gate lord clans.
In 249 AD, Sima Yi launched the famous Gaopingling Rebellion, completely grasped the actual power of the imperial court, and Emperor Cao Wei became a puppet, due to the reproduction of Emperor Xian of Han and Cao Cao of that year. After Sima Yi's death, his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao successively held real power. In 263 AD, Cao Wei eliminated the Shu Han regime and achieved absolute superiority over the Eastern Wu regime. In 265 AD, Sima Yan, the son of Sima Zhao, forced Emperor Cao Wei to take the throne, proclaimed himself emperor, and established the Jin Dynasty.
Because he obtained the throne from a coup d'état and the persecution of the Zen throne, after the Sima family established its own rule, in order to prevent other wealthy families from imitating themselves. In the first year of Sima Yan's reign as emperor, he successively canonized 27 children of the Sima family as kings. is not an idle prince, but at the same time concurrently serves as the military and political power in various places, and has become an ambitious prince and king, "on the horse to unify the army, off the horse to control the people". Because in the process of the Sima family gaining power, the Cao family, which did not adopt the feudal system, had almost no ability to resist.
During Sima Yan's reign, the situation had gradually deteriorated, but it was still under control. Sima Yan's son, Sima Zhen, belonged to the famous emperor of dementia. After Sima Zhen came to power, the princes and kings everywhere were already eager to try. Eventually, the Rebellion of the Eight Kings broke out on a huge scale. As a result, due to the 7-year melee, the accumulated family foundation of the Central Plains Dynasty was completely exhausted. The nomadic regimes in the north went south and established their own regimes, and the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north completely collapsed.
For this period of history, Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty described "the three rivers and the north are chaotic like hemp, and the four seas are like Yongjia". In the northern region, a series of regimes such as Qianliang, Houliang, Southern Liang, Xiliang, Beiliang, Qianzhao, Houzhao, Qianqin, Houqin, Xiqin, Qianyan, Houyan, Southern Yan, and Northern Yan have appeared one after another. In the end, a complicated situation of confrontation between the North and the South was formed.
Second, the relationship between the Sui Dynasty and the Guanlong Group was very complicated
Much like the situation of the Jin Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty was also a dynasty that did not win the country. During the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the Northern Zhou regime, a very representative Guanlong group was formed. In the process of confrontation with the Northern Qi and Southern Liang, the Guanlong group played a great role. At the same time, over time, it was also deeply tied to the regime, and even the emperor was helpless. Because, to a large extent, the emperor became the leader of the Guanlong group.
In 576 AD, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuwen Yong, after a series of efforts, finally destroyed his old rival Northern Qi and reunified northern China. For the Northern Zhou at this time, it was only a matter of time before Nan Chen was eliminated. However, in 578 AD, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yuwen Yong, died young. Later, Chai Rong, the situation was very similar. Subsequently, the crown prince Yu Wenyun succeeded to the throne, and the status of the old father-in-law Yang Jian rose rapidly. In 580 AD, Yu Wenyun died young, and the little emperor Yu Wenyan succeeded him.
At this time, Yang Jian, as the emperor's grandfather, held almost all the power. Eventually, in 581 AD, the Sui Dynasty was established. In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty finally eliminated the Southern Chen in the south, unified the whole country, and ended the three-hundred-year confrontation between the north and the south. However, with the demise of the Northern Qi and Southern Chen, the Sui Dynasty still had two interest groups to take care of, that is, the Shandong Group and the Jiangnan Group. In the process of weighing the relationship, there was a serious contradiction with the Guanlong Group.
Especially during the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, due to the further proximity to the Shandong and Jiangnan groups, it caused serious dissatisfaction among the Guanlong group. From Yang Xuangan's rebellion to Li Yuan's entry into Guanzhong, the Guanlong group and the Sui Dynasty became more and more alienated. In the process of the complete demise of the Sui Dynasty, the Guanlong Group even played a role in fueling the flames. At the same time, in the process of gradually establishing the foundation of its own rule in the Tang Dynasty, great attention was paid to the Guanlong group.
Third, the system construction of the Northern Song Dynasty has shortcomings and problems
The situation in the Northern Song Dynasty was not exactly the same as that of the above two dynasties. In the later period of the reign of the Tang Dynasty, the Jiedu envoys in various places supported their own troops, and there was a complicated situation of feudal towns and melees. In the end, a situation of five generations and ten kingdoms was formed. Among them, the Central Plains region successively appeared Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou and other regimes. In 959 A.D., Chai Rong, the hero of the heroic generation, died, and there was another situation of orphans and widows. Zhao Kuangyin, one of the main generals of the Northern Zhou regime, staged the famous mutiny in 960 and established the Song dynasty.
In the early days of the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, it also faced a series of challenges, and the Jiedu envoys in various places were not convinced. In order to imitate other generals to "paint cats and tigers", in the absence of unity in the world, Zhao Kuangyin successively withdrew the military power of the generals of the forbidden army and the envoys of various regions through methods such as "releasing military power with a glass of wine" and establishing three divisions. Since the Song Dynasty belonged to the Jiedu envoys who launched a mutiny, they were very afraid that the local generals would have military power. Therefore, a system of guarding the inside and the outside has been adopted.
The fighting forces of the Song Dynasty were basically subordinate to the imperial forbidden army. As for the box armies in various places, their combat effectiveness is very weak. Such a system is similar to a spiral, repeating cycles. The end result was that the imperial court forbidden army was too big and the organization was bloated. At the same time, the frontier war was repeatedly defeated. By the end of the reign of the Northern Song Dynasty, except for the Western Army in the northwest, the imperial court hardly had a fighting force.
On the other hand, the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty were almost two extremes, one was the division of local generals and the dictatorship of arrogant soldiers, and the other was the excessive weakness of various localities and the complete control of the court by civil officials. Due to the improper acquisition of the country, after the establishment of the dynasty, a series of policies with great hidden dangers will be introduced. It is precisely because of the existence of various hidden dangers that the basic market is not stable.
In the ancient history of the mainland, there are many more stories in a series. The author will talk to you slowly in future articles.