He was a veteran Communist Party member with 76 years of party experience, and Li Dazhao personally led him to the revolutionary road to which he devoted his life.
He was once a soldier with outstanding military achievements, and he had the courage to support thousands of men in his prime. In that year, he led the great rebellion of the people of eastern Hebei against the Japanese puppet rule, and led his troops into the northeast after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. He served as the commander and political commissar of the Jireliao Military Region and the second deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the main leader of the Ministry of Justice, and devoted a lot of effort to the restoration and reconstruction of the judicial administrative system and the construction of democracy and legal system in China.
He is currently the first vice president of the All-China Whampoa Military Academy Alumni Association and the honorary president of the Li Dazhao Research Association.
He is Li Yunchang.
Li Yunchang is destined to be from Rong in this life. In the autumn of 1925, Li Yunchang and other young people were selected by the Leting County Committee of the Communist Party of China to study in the Soviet Union. However, after finding Li Dazhao in Beijing, because the ship to the Soviet Union had already sailed, Li Dazhao sent him to the Huangpu Military Academy in Guangzhou to become the fourth cadet. He graduated in the fall of 1926.
After the Kuomintang betrayed the revolution in 1927, he led this workers' and peasants' armed "Huichaomei Revolutionary Army" to detour to southern Jiangnan, and then to Rucheng and Hunan. (This team joined forces with the local peasant army to form the Second Division of the Southern Hunan Revolutionary Army, which was prepared to participate in the world-famous Autumn Harvest Uprising with the First Division led by Mao Zedong.) Later, it was attacked by the enemy, and the second division was scattered and failed to participate. ）
After the defeat of the Great Southern Revolution, Li Yunchang returned to the northern white area and successively led the arduous struggle against the enemy in Hebei, Tianjin, Shenyang and other places.
In the early winter of 1927, Li Yunchang returned to Leting, which was shrouded in white terror. Li Dazhao has already died, and the principal leaders of the original county party committee have all quit the party. Li Yunchang, who was in a heavy mood, did not lose heart and decided to rebuild the party organization in his hometown. In 1928, the new county party committee of Leting, with Li Yunchang as the secretary of the county party committee, was established. On August 17, 1929, he was arrested while distributing leaflets in Tianjin, and because he was thin and did not reveal his identity, he was sentenced to one year and one month as a progressive student. Imprisoned in Tianjin No. 3 Prison, he formed a secret party branch with the imprisoned Communist Party members, and held a hunger strike, and the branch secretary was Peng Zhen.
Perhaps it was the call of Luanhe's mother, and eight years later, after going to Yan'an in 1937 to attend the White Zone Work Conference and the Party Congress, Li Yunchang returned to preside over the work of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee. In October, he was ordered to return to the anti-Japanese armed forces in eastern Hebei, carry out guerrilla warfare, and personally organize and lead the anti-Japanese rebellion in eastern Hebei.
After the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident, the Northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China decided to send Li Yunchang back to eastern Hebei to organize an anti-Japanese guerrilla war. On February 9, 1938, the Party Central Committee decided to organize the Great Rebellion in Eastern Hebei.
Li Yunchang said: "The riots in eastern Hebei are different from other riots. In this area, the Japanese puppets have been ruling for 5 years, and they have established a complete puppet organization with a large number of puppet police. Before that, in 1934, the riots in Qian'an and Zunhua failed. Therefore, the central government attached great importance to this uprising and sent 5,000 members of the Eighth Route Army of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region to the east to support the uprising. The 5,000 Eighth Route Army not only emboldened the masses and expanded the scale of the uprising, but also effectively warned some careerists. The situation was complicated, and a number of other forces wanted to seize the leadership of the insurrectionary ranks. Our party noticed this problem from the very beginning, so after the Jidong riots, most of the ranks were controlled under the leadership of the party. ”
In June 1938, Li Yunchang presided over a military meeting in Tianjiawanzi Village, Fengrun County, Hebei Province (now Fengrun District, Tangshan City) to make arrangements for the riot. On July 6, 1938, under the leadership of the Communist Party, the Great Rebellion in Eastern Hebei first broke out in Luan County. Immediately afterwards, riots also began in Yankou (pronounced niè), Kailuan Coal Mine, Zunhua, Yutian, Lulong, Macheng (now Luannan County, Tangshan City), Xinglong, Leting and other places. Nearly 200,000 people in the entire eastern Hebei region rose up to oppose the brutal rule of the Japanese puppets. At the end of 1938, the riot troops were divided into 47 corps, and at the end of 1938, the riot teams met at the iron factory and the main force of the Eighth Route Army. Subsequently, the Jichareliao Military Region was established, with Song Shi as the commander in turn, and Deng Hua and Li Yunchang as deputy commanders.
After the victory of the uprising in eastern Hebei, the situation in North China changed greatly. This Communist-led force has long been active on the Bohai coast inside and outside the Great Wall and near Shanhaiguan. This team contained the Japanese puppets in the northeast and also deterred Beiping, a key city under the Japanese puppet rule, and laid the foundation for our party to establish the Jireliao base area and operate the northeast.
In eight years, Li Yunchang led the establishment of the Jichareliao Anti-Japanese Base Area inside and outside the border line of the puppet Manchukuo, which played a huge role in the victory of the national War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
In August 1945, under the order of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, Li Yunchang led the Third Route Army to advance into the northeast, which was the first army to exit the customs after the surrender of Japanese imperialism. The strategic reconnaissance that Li Yunchang led his troops out of the customs provided a basis for the party Central Committee to make a timely strategic decision of "developing to the north and defending to the south" after the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
Li Yunchang led his troops out of the customs, and before the troops of the fraternal military region arrived, he cooperated with the Soviet Red Army to liberate Liaoning and Rehe provinces, as well as the western regions of Heilongjiang and Jilin. The unit was rapidly replenished and expanded from more than 10,000 people at the time of leaving the border to more than 100,000 people, and was organized into 10 infantry brigades, two artillery brigades, and a number of independent regiments.
Due to the excellent performance of the tasks by the exit troops, the attitude of the Soviet Red Army towards them was good. At the beginning of its entry into Shenyang, the Soviet Red Army handed over the weapons warehouses of the Japanese Kwantung Army to their care. Curry's weapons can equip hundreds of thousands of people.
The troops of the Jireliao Military Region were the first to go out of the customs, and they acted quickly and made rapid progress, which was highly praised by Liu Shaoqi and other leaders. On the other hand, we should wipe out the enemy bandits and resist the attack of the Kuomintang troops, so as to create good conditions for our party's large troops to enter the northeast.
On October 27, 1945, two U.S. warships transported Kuomintang troops to Huludao and wanted to land in the northeast, but were blocked by the 31st Regiment under Li Yunchang and Sha Ke and forced to retreat to Qinhuangdao. This was the first confrontation between the Communist and Kuomintang forces in the northeast.
As our party's cadres and army continued to go out of the country, we finally gained a firm foothold in the northeast. October 31, 1945. The Northeast People's Autonomous Army was established, with Lin Biao as commander, Lu Zhengcao as first deputy commander, Li Yunchang as second deputy commander, Zhou Baozhong as third deputy commander, and Xiao Jinguang as deputy commander and chief of staff. At this point, the history of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party competing for the Northeast officially began. The army led by the Communist Party of China finally won the Liaoshen Campaign, and then won the victory of the whole country. The Jireliao Military Region led by Li Yunchang has made great contributions to the advance of the country.
Later, the Soviet Union and the Kuomintang government signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to carry out an "administrative takeover" of the northeast, and the Soviet Union was bound by the treaty, took back the weapons warehouse, and did not allow Li Yunchang's troops to be stationed in Shenyang.
At that time, Lin Biao was the commander of the Northeast Coalition Army, and he originally knew the ins and outs of this matter, so he should have come forward to explain this situation, so as to avoid misunderstandings between the brother troops. But Lin Biao did not do that, on the contrary, spread public opinion and create estrangement. He set up a special investigation team to check the warehouses of the troops leaving the customs, but found no problems, so he put the matter aside.
In November 1945, the Kuomintang troops occupied Jinzhou and aimed their attacks at the Rehe area, and the Central Military Commission ordered Lin Biao to cooperate with the Rehe area to prevent the enemy from cutting off the connection between North China and Northeast China. Lin Biao ignored the central authorities' instructions, and at a military meeting in Fuxin in December, he said: "My policy has been set and will not be changed." If you want to cooperate with the Rehe operation, you Li Yunchang should cooperate!" In this way, before the armistice order came into effect, the enemy still occupied Pingquan, an important town in the Rehe area, which caused great difficulties for our army's subsequent operations. Li Yunchang was naturally very angry in his heart.
When Li Yunchang returned to Rehe, he only brought back three infantry brigades and one field artillery regiment, and the rest of the old troops and the expanded troops of about 50,000 people were all handed over to the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army.
The central government has not given Li Yunchang any punishment, but Lin Biao's gain of power and the impact it has caused have invisibly stifled Li Yunchang's fate for a long time.
From 1938 to 1945, he successively served as the leader of the Eastern Hebei Anti-Japanese Allied Army, the commander of the Eastern Hebei Military Region, the commander of the 13th Army Division of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region, and the commander and political commissar of the Jireliao Military Region. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, there was a popular song in eastern Hebei: "Commander Li Yunchang, leading the three regiments of the Eighth Road, fought the devil with fear......"
Li Yunchang has become a legendary hero in the eyes of the people. Therefore, although after the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as chairman of the Rehe Provincial Government and secretary of the provincial party committee, vice minister of the Ministry of Communications, vice minister of the Ministry of Justice, and secretary of the party group, etc., people still call him "commander" in my hometown of Tangshan, and it is said that people in Jingdong, Chengde, Chifeng, and western Liaoning still call him the same today.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the people in his hometown were very sad when they heard that Li Yunchang had "made a mistake"; after Lin Biao fell, they heard that he had been "rectified" by Lin Biao, and they were extremely angry.
Li Yunchang, a famous general, left the army very early, and with the liberation of the country, fewer and fewer people knew about him. Speaking of which, this is related to the military and related to Lin Biao. Marshal Nie Rongzhen said: "This incident has caused Li Yunchang, Zeng Kelin, and other comrades to be greatly complained, but in fact, they are not to blame for this incident. ”