Terminology for felling
1林地forest land
It refers to the land used for forestry development as planned and determined by the people's government at or above the county level. Including arbor woodland with canopy density of more than 0.2, bamboo woodland, shrub land, sparse forest land, logging land, fire land, uncultivated afforestation land, nursery land, etc.
2林木采伐forest cutting
According to the needs of forest resources management and the growth and development of forest trees, it is a management activity to cut down and transport trees from the forest land, and to clean up and restore the forest.
3林业分类经营forest classificationmanagement
According to the two major needs of the society for forest ecology and economy, and in accordance with the principle of dominant utilization of multiple functions of forests, forests, woods and forest areas are accordingly divided into different forest categories, and they are operated according to their own characteristics and laws.
4森林类别forest type
According to the different ways of forest multi-functional dominant utilization, the forest types are divided into two categories: public welfare forest and commercial forest.
5公益林non-commercial forest
In order to maintain and create a good ecological environment, maintain ecological balance, protect biodiversity, and meet the ecological needs and sustainable development of human society as the main functions, it is mainly to provide forests, woods, and woodlands for public welfare and social products or services.
6商品林commercial forest
Forests, woodlands, and trees with the main function of producing wood (bamboo) timber and providing other forest products to obtain maximum economic output to meet the economic needs of human society are mainly to provide economic products that can enter the market circulation.
7林种forest category
A type of forest management that is divided according to the management objectives and uses of forests.
8伐区cutting area
Geographically connected forest lots that are harvested with the same type of felling in the same year are the basic units for the design, construction, management and supervision of forest harvesting operations.
9缓冲区buffer zone
Forest areas reserved for the protection of streams, lakes, wetlands in the area of operation, or in the surrounding area that should not be logged, mechanically entered, or operated.
10限伐区non-commercial cuttingarea
According to the relevant provisions of national and local laws and regulations, only non-commercial logging activities such as tending, transformation and renewal should be carried out.
11禁伐区 no cutting zone
Forest areas where no felling activities should be carried out in accordance with national and local government laws and regulations and relevant provisions.
12禁伐林prohibition cutting forest
Forests that require long-term or periodic closure and management, including forests in areas of extreme ecological importance or ecological fragility, as well as forests distributed in other areas where harvesting is not permitted.
13森林成熟、森林成熟龄forest maturity
The age of the forest when it reaches the state when it is most suitable for the purpose of management during its growth and development is called the mature age of the forest. Different forest management purposes have different maturity ages.
14自然成熟、自然成熟龄natural maturity
It is also called physiological maturity (age). Trees are physiologically in the state of natural aging (withering). The age at this time is called the natural maturity age. This age of maturity is the longest of all methods for determining age of maturity. It varies greatly depending on the tree species.
15. Quantitative maturity and quantitative maturity
The state when the growth of tree timber volume or the average growth of stand stock reaches its maximum. The age at this time is called the quantitative maturity age.
16工艺成熟、工艺成熟龄technology maturity
The state of the tree or stand when the average growth of the target species is the largest during the growth process. The age at this time is called the mature age of the process.
17更新成熟、更新成熟龄regenerative maturity
Trees or stands are harvested in their natural regeneration state. The age at this time is called the age of renewal maturity. The minimum age at which a tree or stand begins to bear fruit in large numbers is called the seed renewal and maturity age, and the highest age when a tree or stand has vigorous germination after harvesting is called the germination and maturity age.
18防护成熟、防护成熟龄protective maturity
The state of the tree or stand when it is most protective. The age at this time is called protective maturity age.
19经济成熟、经济成熟龄economical maturity
The state when the monetary income reaches its maximum during the growth and development of the forest. The age at this time is called the age of economic maturity.
20森林采伐类型harvest type
It is divided according to the purpose of harvesting. There are five types of main felling, tending felling, low-yield (efficient) forest transformation felling, regeneration felling, and other felling.
21主伐harvest cutting
A type of harvesting. Harvesting of mature and over-mature stands in timber forests for timber harvesting.
22主伐年龄cutting age
The minimum age at the time of normal main cutting of mature forests in the management unit. It is also known as the age of felling.
23抚育采伐tending cutting
From the closure of the young forest canopy to the age level before the main cutting, some trees are harvested to promote the growth of the remaining trees. Abbreviated as tending felling, thinning or tending thinning. In both commercial forests and public welfare forests, tending felling can be carried out.
24更新采伐regeneration cutting
Harvesting for the purpose of restoring, enhancing or improving the ecological functions of shelterbelts and special use forests, thereby creating favorable conditions for the regeneration of forest stands. The felling objects are the shelterbelts and special forests that can be regenerated and felled legally, and the regeneration methods and technical standards are determined for two different types, sheet forests and forest belts, respectively. No-logging forests are not reforested. Regeneration felling can be carried out by clear-cutting, selective cutting, and multiple gradual cutting.
25低产（效）林采伐low yield or efficiencyforest cutting
For all kinds of low-yield (efficient) stands with poor growth and low economic or ecological benefits, the economic or ecological benefits of high-efficiency stands are improved by cutting down low-yield (efficient) trees and introducing excellent target tree species, so as to make them a type of felling of high-efficiency stands. It includes timber forests, shelter forests and special forests, but shall not be transformed to harvest inefficient forbidden forests except for those harmed by serious pests and diseases. Generally, timber forests with poor growth and low efficiency are called low-yield forests, while shelterbelts and special forests with poor ecological functions are called low-efficiency forests.
26其他采伐other forest cutting
A type of harvesting. Refers to the type of harvesting that is not required for the sustainable management of the forest. For example, the acquisition of forest land felling, fire wood, diseased and insect wood, snow pressed wood, wind fallen wood and other special circumstances of forest clearing and felling.
27采伐方式cutting methods
Procedures and methods of felling forest stands.
28皆伐clear cutting
It is the main cutting method in which all the trees in the felling area are cut down at one time or almost completely. It can be subdivided into strip clear-cutting and block-like clear-cutting.
29择伐selection cutting
It is the main cutting method of selecting a part of the mature forest that meets the economic requirements or has certain characteristics at certain intervals in the forest.
30渐伐shelterwood cutting
Within a certain number of years, generally within an age class, the trees in the felling area are harvested several times (2-4 times), and the main cutting method of natural forest regeneration is completed. It is rarely used in Henan, and should not be used in plain areas.
31透光伐release cutting
In the young forest stage after canopy closure of the stand, tending and felling was carried out when the target tree species was suppressed by the upper or lateral overlord tree and non-target tree species, and the high growth was significantly affected.
Note: Translucent felling is mainly to remove inferior trees, overlord trees, sprout strips, large shrubs, vines, etc. in the upper layer or side shade, and keep the dense and even, remove the inferior and retain the superior, adjust the composition and spatial structure of the tree stand, improve the growth conditions of the retained trees, and promote the high growth of forest trees.
32疏伐thinning cutting
In the young or middle-aged forest stage after the canopy closure of the stand, tending and felling was carried out after the relationship between trees changed from mutual assistance and mutually beneficial growth to mutual inhibition and mutual harm competition.
Note: Thinning is mainly carried out for forests of the same age. Cut down the trees with excessive density and poor growth, keep them evenly interdensed, remove the inferior and leave the superior, further adjust the tree species and spatial structure of the stand, and leave a suitable nutrient space for the target trees or retained trees.
33生长伐accretion cutting
In the middle-aged forest stage, tending felling was carried out when the growth of DBH of the stand decreased significantly year after year, and the growth of target trees or retained trees was significantly affected.
Note: The difference between growth felling and thinning is that growing felling requires a determination of the final retention density (final cutting density) of the target tree or retained wood. If the target tree classification is adopted, the target tree is selected and labeled through the classification of forest trees, and the disturbance trees are felled, and the grade I and II trees are retained, and the V. and IV. trees are harvested to reserve appropriate vegetative space for the target trees or reserved trees, so as to promote the radial growth of forest trees.
34卫生伐sanitation cutting
Tending harvesting in forests affected by natural disasters with the goal of improving the health of forest stands.
Note: Sanitary felling mainly removes trees that have been harmed, have lost their cultivation prospects, are difficult to recover, or endanger the growth of target trees or retained trees.
35采伐强度thinning intensity
Felling intensity includes accumulation felling intensity and number of trees, which are the ratios of the volume and number of felled trees to the total volume and total number of trees in the tending felling class.
Note: Reasonable harvesting intensity depends on the growth status of the stand, site conditions, management purpose and biological characteristics of the tree species. Generally, according to different site conditions, management purposes and the quantitative relationship between forest growth and forest trees, the reasonable density, section area, optimal number of trees and canopy density at different growth stages are determined. According to the reasonable density, cross-sectional area, optimal number of plants, canopy density, etc. at different growth stages, the reasonable felling intensity is determined.
36森林采伐量forestry harvest volume
The amount of forest stock harvested by a forest management unit in a certain period of time. The amount of forest harvested by a forest management unit in a year is called the annual harvesting volume.
37轮伐期rotation
The time required to rotate all the stands in a forest management unit where clear-cutting is carried out. For the same forest land, the interval between the maturity of the trees and the maturity of the trees through regeneration and cultivation and the re-harvesting is carried out.
38回归年circle of selectivecutting
Also known as the selective cutting cycle. The number of years required to take turns is the business cycle of forest selective felling operations. The return year is the number of years it takes for trees smaller than the harvesting diameter class to continue to grow to meet the harvesting diameter class after the trees in a certain diameter class range have been harvested.
39起测胸径measurable class
The minimum DBH of trees for calculating forest stock and felling stock is 5.0cm according to national regulations, that is, the tree species equal to more than 5cm should be calculated for accumulation.
40立木蓄积量standing stock
It is also called forest accumulation. Refers to the total volume of various standing trees in a certain area of forest. The term volume, which can only be used for forests and trees that have not yet been harvested, has the meaning of continued growth and continuous accumulation. The law stipulates that the amount of illegal logging, deforestation and forest trees refers to the amount of stock.
41径阶diameter class
Diameter step consolidation, the consolidation of DBH of forest trees, that is, according to the diameter class size of the tree species, the DBH within a certain range is expressed by the middle value of the range. The minimum diameter is generally 6cm, and Henan Province mostly uses 6, 8, 10, 12 .......
42龄级age classes
Classification of the average age of a tree or stand. That is, according to the requirements of forest management and the biological characteristics of tree species, they are divided into several levels according to a certain number of years as the interval. The number of years included in each age class is called the age class period, which is commonly used as 20 years, 1 0 years, 5 years, and 2 years, and the median of each age class period is the average age of the age class. The size of the age class is expressed in Roman numerals, and the higher the number, the higher the age and the older the age.
43龄组age groups
The age group of the stand or small class according to the age and age class of the main felling. Also known as age groups, they are usually divided into five age groups: young forest, middle-aged forest, near-mature forest, mature forest and over-mature forest. There are also those who combine mature forests and over-mature forests to form over-mature forests. The bamboo forest is divided into young bamboo, mature bamboo, and old bamboo. Economic forests are divided into pre-production period, initial production period, peak production period and declining production stage.
44标准地sample plot
A small plot of land selected in a forest area that is representative and used as a basis for a survey and research.
45出材率outturn rate
The percentage of standing trees of a certain tree species in a certain area that can produce various types of commercial timber. The requirements and specifications of commercial materials are different, and the yield is also different. The better the material type, the larger the size, and the lower the yield rate.
46林带forest belt
On the whole, it is a forest lot with long strips or rows as the main shape.
47农田防护林farmland shelterbelt forest
Forests, woods and shrubs whose main purpose is to protect farmland and pasture (pasture), reduce or reduce natural disasters, improve the natural environment, and ensure the production conditions of agriculture and animal husbandry. It includes forest belts, forest nets, and forests set up in farmland, pasture (grassland) and within 100 m outside their boundaries, or within 250 m~500 m bordering sandy areas, as well as terraces, low hills, and hills.
48短轮伐期和速生丰产用材林short-rotation and fast-growing plantation
The collective name of artificially created timber forests for industrial raw materials with short rotation period and timber forests with fast growth and high yield. It is a forest that determines the rotation period based on the economic maturity age or the technological maturity age, and artificially cultivates industrial raw materials.
49工业原料林industrial raw materialforest
The main purpose is to produce pulp and other industrial wood raw materials, and the forest is intensively managed and cultivated. The harvesting age should be based on the economic maturity age or the technological maturity age.
50速生丰产林fast-growing plantation
Forests that use improved varieties and strong seedlings, implement intensive management, shorten the cultivation cycle, and the main growth indicators reach the national (industry) standards for rapid growth and high yield of corresponding tree species.
51片林patch forest
It is mainly characterized by sheet distribution, and the area is 0. More than 067 hectares of forest.
52林网forest belt network
A grid-like farmland shelterbelt system composed of multiple forest belts.
53林带间伐intermediate cutting inforest belt
Under the premise of not affecting the overall structure and protection benefits of the forest belt, the thinning of the forest belt was carried out according to the principles of removing the inferior and retaining the superior, removing the weak and retaining the strong, and retaining the dense and even.
54林木采伐许可证tree cutting licence
Also known as a felling permit or harvesting permit. It refers to the certificate of permission to cut down trees issued by the unit or individual that harvests forests in accordance with the provisions of the law. The format of the forest felling permit shall be prescribed by the competent state forestry department and uniformly printed by the provincial forestry authority, and the relevant departments shall issue it in accordance with the law, and the felling permit shall be noted with the number, the location, area, quantity (accumulation or number of trees), tree species, method, intensity and the time of completion of reforestation.
55森林更新forestry regeneration
The process of re-forming a new generation of forests after harvesting, either by natural or artificial means. Forest regeneration is usually divided into three ways: artificial regeneration, artificial promotion of natural regeneration and natural regeneration, or sexual regeneration or asexual regeneration according to the origin of the forest, and can also be divided into pre-cutting regeneration and post-cutting regeneration according to the regeneration that occurs before or after the main felling.
56森林经营单位forest management unit
A management unit that operates according to a long-term forest management plan and can achieve a series of clear objectives with clear boundaries.
