During the period of five dynasties and ten kingdoms, there is a beautiful story, after the busy political affairs of the king of Wuyue, Qian Hao, enjoyed the scenery of peach and willow green at the foot of Phoenix Mountain, thousands of purples and thousands of reds, and suddenly remembered that he had not seen his wife Wu for many days with his mother's house, so he wrote down a letter to the trustee to bring to his wife, the letter wrote that he missed her very much, but left a message "Mo on the flowers, can slowly return", such a skillful language, so that Mrs. Wu was very moved, and this matter became a good story after spreading. Later, this sentence evolved into a husband's deep and introverted love for his wife, and more than 100 years later, Su Shi also wrote a poem "Three Songs of Mo Shanghua" based on this allusion, saying that the Wu people (that is, the area under the jurisdiction of King Wu Yue) used their words as songs, with thoughts and thoughts, and listened to it sadly. "Mo on the flowers, can slowly return" means that the field is full of flowers, Mrs. can slowly appreciate the flowers, do not need to hurry back, originally Wu Yue Wang is very miss Mrs. and eager to urge her to come back early, but he said the opposite, said slowly. In the Chinese language system, the rhetoric is the most common language skill, especially spoken Chinese, and even needs to be understood in combination with the context and tone of speech, which is essentially that people should avoid being blunt when expressing their inner thoughts, and being blunt is easy to make people feel uncomfortable, and wise people usually tend to euphemistically.
In poetry and literature, it is very common to express the author's thoughts and feelings tactfully and obscurely, just like Wu Yue Wang Qian Hao's "Mo on the flowers bloom, can slowly return", the core word of this sentence is undoubtedly the word Gui, that is, the meaning of returning, the meaning of returning from the outside. The original meaning of the word Gui refers to the marriage of a woman, and the meaning of marriage is extended to the meaning of return, the ancients believed that the marriage of a woman indicates that the woman has a home, so it is further extended to the meaning of home, and its idioms such as homeless, return to the heart like an arrow, etc., all refer to the meaning of return. In the poems, the word is considered to appear more frequently, and its implication is often the state of not returning for a long time, just like the words "Mo on the flowers bloom, can slowly return", which means that Qian Hao's wife Wu has not returned for a long time, the Han Dynasty's "fifteen from the army, eighty years to return", the Northern and Southern Dynasties "Mulan Ci" in the "general died in a hundred battles, and the strong man returned in ten years", Li Bai Biansai poem "Guan Shanyue" in the "Warrior looks at the side, and thinks of returning to the bitter face", etc., behind the word "return" contains the meaning of "long time has not returned", Meng Jiao's famous sentence praising maternal love, "Before leaving, I am afraid of returning late" is a straightforward interpretation of its meaning. In the Tang poetry series, there is a type called boudoir resentment poems, most of these poems describe the sorrow and resentment of young girls and young women in the boudoir, and the source of some sorrow is missing their husbands or lovers who have not returned for a long time, such as the famous work "Yutai Style" by Chinese and Tang poets, and the representative work of the late Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin "Night Rain Sending North" is also similar.
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"Jade Platform"
(Tang) Quan Deyu
Last night, the nepotism was untied, and now the python flies.
Lead can not be abandoned, it is not an anvil.
The first time I saw this wonderful five-character quatrain, it was brushed through a short video on the Internet, Taiwanese scholar Jiang Xun said when teaching classical Chinese aesthetics, appreciating Tang poetry needs to be embedded in life, that is, this poem has a strong atmosphere of life in the Tang Dynasty, thanks to the propaganda of the Internet, I am fortunate to see this poem, especially "Lead Hua can not be abandoned" I particularly like. Although this poem is short, to grasp the beauty of this poem but need to annotate, the first sentence "last night crony unraveling", the woman rests at night, when the husband is not at home, the nepotism goes to untie itself inexplicably, here is a very suspenseful sentence, it is likely that the woman wants to have a warm time with her husband when she sleeps, the woman involuntarily unties the nepotism, the second sentence "Today the python flies today", when the ancient saw the python flying, it was regarded as a sign of joy, the first two sentences are the description of the happy omen, and it is also a very ambiguous artistic technique, The woman's eagerness to miss her husband is vividly expressive, which is endlessly interesting. The third sentence "lead can not be abandoned", lead hua is women's cosmetics, in modern terms, although no one appreciates themselves or loves themselves, they must also dress up carefully, show their love for themselves, and careful dressing is the intuitive embodiment of women's love for themselves, women's dress is not only to please others, but more importantly to please themselves, to extend the profound artistic conception of this sentence, is that even if life is in the most desolate and helpless time, you have to make yourself beautiful, This sentence may be suitable for women who are in the doldrums or do not like to dress up. The fourth sentence "Mo is the anvil returns" uses allusions, the anvil is the chopping board for cutting vegetables and meat today, which often appears in poems, and is a metaphor for the husband in the ancient saying, and this poem is to the effect that the husband is coming back. When the scholar Jiang Xun explained this poem, he mentioned that when he was a child, he often played with friends in the military village, and often heard a woman holding a kitchen knife to chop the chopping board.
In the context of the ancient woman's main master, after the husband and wife quarreled awkwardly, the husband generally threw the door out, and left the wife alone in the house to cry and cry, but the housework that must be done is still the wife in charge, to cook, put the meat and vegetables on the cutting board, that is, on the ancient anvil, when the wife holds a kitchen knife to chop the meat, she will be accustomed to chanting in the mouth, "You kill a thousand knives, I will chop you to death", the breath of life implied in the fourth sentence of this poem is like this. In fact, in the early years in the countryside, children in the countryside saw their mothers or aunts and aunts preparing meals in the kitchen, often nagging their husbands while chopping vegetables and meat, and even scolding. The author of this poem skillfully grasps the state of the woman's husband, renders it through life-like sentences, and implicitly presents the woman's feelings of thinking about her husband, leaving no pen or ink or foreshadowing on whether her husband returns, leaving the reader to reverie the unfinished meaning of the poem on their own. The most memorable sentence of this poem is "Lead can not be abandoned", this sentence is like a woman's inner monologue, quietly depicting the ideological image of "no anointment, who is suitable for tolerance", in modern terms, it can be used to encourage women to please themselves, and more importantly, it means to love themselves and show their most beautiful form. The series of poems in the "Yutai Style" series of poems, which is based on the mood of resentment, is undoubtedly the representative work of Quan Deyu, such as "Last Night's Nepotism", which cites the inadvertent details of life such as nepotism and flying words, and portrays the heroine's deep feelings of thinking, and the emotions written are sincere and simple and subtle, vulgar and intriguing.
It is worth mentioning that the author Quan Deyu, as the prime minister, poet, and writer of the Middle and Tang dynasties, was one of the few courtiers in history who was nicknamed "Wen" after his death, so he was also called Quan Wengong. In the official career, the power of virtue and public opinion eunuchs are prominent, once held a high position of civil authority and toilet body prime minister, and the name was important for a while, many literati and celebrities in the society at that time voted under his disciples, politically advocated the combination of morality and the rule of law, severely punished corrupt officials and reduced people's taxes, etc., which were recognized by the scholar class at that time and appreciated by later generations. Quan Deyu was not only a famous politician in the Tang Dynasty, but also a well-known writer and poet with rich writings at that time. Han Yu's historical fame mainly stems from the fact that he was listed as the first of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" by later literati, and he wrote many articles that had a profound impact on later generations, such as "Shi Shuo" and "Ma Shuo", etc., and "Twelve Lang Wen" is also one of the representative works. Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi once said that articles are immortal events, that is, good articles can be famous through the ages, which is indeed done for some literary scholars, such as a generation of Wenzong Han Yu and the famous poet Li Bai Du Fu, etc., Quan Deyu has not been famous for eternity, perhaps his poetry is not as good as Han Yu, although they were all literary masters, and they have won the highest level of the word "Wen".
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《Night Rain Visit》
(Tang) Li Shangyin
Jun has not returned to the period, and the night rain in Bashan rises in the autumn pool.
He cut the candles in the west window together, but when it rained at night in Bashan.
"Night Rain Sent North" is the late Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin's representative work, this poem is the author's reply to others, some scholars have verified that this poem is written by the author to his wife Wang, and there are also those who think that it is written to a friend, due to the age, there is no exact research, from its content, the poetic feelings are wronged, lingering and compassionate, the probability is like writing to his wife, if it is written to a friend, the plot of the friend is obvious, and it is too delicate and soft, the default poem is the author's reply to his wife, it is conducive to the interpretation of the poetic conception. For Li Shangyin, it is very regrettable that when writing this poem, his wife has unfortunately passed away, so there will even be people who far-fetched this poem to appreciate the poem as a poem mourning for his wife, and some people have verified that Li Shangyin has learned of the death of his wife when he wrote this poem, so this poem is a reply to a friend in Chang'an in the north.
The first sentence of this poem, "You have not returned to the date, there is no period" is a question-and-answer writing technique, you ask the return date, but you can't give the exact return date, this sentence shows the author's sorrow in the career and the bitterness of not returning home. The second sentence of the next sentence, "Bashan night rain rises autumn pool" is in the general present tense, by describing the recent heavy rain overnight, the autumn pond has been filled, and the author's own life in Bashan and autumn thoughts are expressed. The third sentence "Why should I cut the candle in the west window" is a description of the scene in life, the candle is the main way of lighting at night in ancient times, and when lighting the candle, it is necessary to cut the burnt wick from time to time, so that the candle is brighter, so the meaning of this poem is to look forward to cutting the wick of the candle together, which is very much like the life scene between lovers, and because of the description of such a lingering life scene, many people think that this poem is written for their wives, but some readers believe that the candle wick can also be cut together between friends. Generally speaking, the use of repetitive words should be avoided in the poem, but Li Shangyin is ingenious and reuses the words "Bashan night rain" in the second sentence to construct the contrast between the present tense and the future tense, which skillfully shows the poet's strong lovesickness, which makes people feel relieved.
Li Shangyin's poems habitually have a vague and hazy feeling, compared with Li Du's poems, or compared with Du Mu of the same period, his poems are really much more incomprehensible, perhaps because of the characteristics of hazy poems, the artistic conception that can only be understood, quite popular with sentimental readers. Li Shangyin also wrote in another poem "Duanju" that thinks of returning and looking forward to returning, "Far away books return to dreams for two long days, only the empty bed is the enemy Suqiu", which is also a work that expresses the longing for relatives in a foreign country, tossing and turning in the rainy night and unable to sleep, it is inevitable to feel sad in vain, Li Shangyin, who has not yet learned the news of his relatives, only finds solace in the dream of thinking of returning. The Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wan lamented when he stopped at Beigu Mountain on his journey, "Where can the hometown book be reached, return to the side of Yanluoyang", and Li Yu, a lyricist who hoped that his younger brother who was detained by the Northern Song Dynasty court could return, wrote that "the news of the wild goose has no basis, and the dream of returning to the road is difficult to come true", when the Southern Song Dynasty perished, Jiang Jie, an official of the Southern Song Dynasty, said "When will I return home and wash the guest robe" when he faced the anxiety of the sojourners living in other places, these are also excellent poems of thinking and looking forward to returning, which can also be read.
Perhaps it is because the ancient literati have long faced the ecology of detention and travel, defending the frontier, and living in other places, which has created many people's feelings of longing and looking forward to returning, such as the above-mentioned "generals died in a hundred battles, and strong men returned in ten years", which is to tell the soldiers who defended the country in the frontier, and they may have to return to their hometowns in ten years, and even more desolate is that the young people have to return to their old age, and the soldiers who retreated to Taiwan in 1949 staged the bleak world of "fifteen from the army, eighty years to return", And a considerable number of people are dispossessed. Quan Deyu's "Jade Style" and Li Shangyin's "Night Rain Sending North" are both masterpieces about thinking about returning and looking forward to returning, the former is a wife who misses her husband's return, and the latter is a husband who misses his wife or misses his relatives and friends and looks forward to returning home.
In the style of resentment poems, sometimes the grudge is the return of resentment, the resentment has not returned for a long time, this may also be the broad and profound in the Chinese homophone, the word "return" in the poem only means return is also common, such as the Qing Dynasty poet Gao Dingfu wrote that "children return early from school", it also has a common meaning, referring to the doctor to go home to live in seclusion and no longer be an official, such as Tao Yuanming's poem "Returning to the Garden and Pastoral Home" wrote that "Morningside is desolate, return with the moon and lotus hoe", as a scholar class, there is no need for crops, but Tao Yuanming returned with agricultural tools and hoes, It must have been after he resigned and retired. Tao Yuanming is the first pastoral poet in Chinese history, the first literary giant in the history of Jiangxi, known as the sect of hidden poets, his masterpiece "The Story of the Peach Blossom Spring" was once regarded as a symbol of the scholar's pursuit of a free life, regarded as the spiritual pursuit of the hermit, his poem "Returning to the Garden and Pastoral Home" was a poem that middle school students must learn. In history, there are many scholars who resigned and retired, such as Lin Kui, who is known as the plum wife and crane (Song Renzong gave him "Mr. Hejing", known as Lin Hejing), and the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Zhihe also resigned and retired because of the ups and downs of the sea and the impermanence of life.
Zhang Zhihe had a brilliant experience in his career, before the Anshi Rebellion, he had been appreciated by the then prince Li Heng, and later Li Heng ascended the throne after the Anshi Rebellion and became the emperor, promoted Zhang Zhihe and used his strategy to achieve a certain success, so he was promoted to the general to enjoy the treatment of the three products, in terms of pure treatment, this can be equivalent to the contemporary provincial and ministerial level, so Zhang Zhihe has a moment of steady progress, but the later political turmoil and the influence of the division of the feudal town, Zhang Zhihe gradually separated from the temple power center, I had the experience of returning to the countryside in the later period. When you encounter setbacks in your career, you have to choose to resign and go into hiding, or you feel that your talents are no longer valued, and you have the intention of retiring or withdrawing from the treacherous officialdom, which is a good way to land smoothly, which is a hundred times stronger than those who are attached to officialdom but are finally liquidated. When the famous calligrapher Yan Zhenqing served as the assassin of Huzhou, Zhang Zhihe, who was in a state of retreat, went to pay respects, when it was the twilight of spring, the peach blossoms were in full bloom, the water was rising, and the mandarin fish was plump, they sang and learned literature and art, and this "Fishing Song" was the masterpiece of the finished product at this time. The following year after the completion of "Fisherman's Song", it is a pity that Zhang Zhihe died due to falling into the water, and his work has also experienced the dispersion, but fortunately it was visited and recorded by the later party leader Li Deyu, and for a time there were many people who sang the harmony and passed it down to this day, and influenced later generations of literati, especially in the Northern Song Dynasty Su Shi and Huang Tingjian and other literary scholars particularly respected the work, and even extended the creation of new products.
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"Fisherman's Song: The Egret Flying in Front of the Cisse Mountain"
(Tang) Zhang Zhihe
The egret flies on the side of the Xisai Mountain, and the peach blossom flows and the mandarin fish is fat.
Green hats, green clothes, slanting wind and drizzle do not need to return.
Zhang Zhihe's "Fishing Song" describes the situation of the fisherman fishing at the turn of spring and summer in the water town in the south of the Yangtze River, the egret flies in front of the Xisai Mountain, the peach blossom flowing water mandarin fish fat, the egret symbolizes the leisure of life, the first two sentences describe the egret flying freely in front of the mountain, setting off the leisurely self-satisfaction of the fisherman, it is when the peach blossom is in full bloom, falling in the gurgling water, the mandarin fish in the river is growing fat, indicating that the fisherman can catch rich mandarin fish, rendering the pride of the fisherman's living environment, the fisherman lives in the lake and mountains in front of the Xisai Mountain, and can taste the joy of life of fishing. The third sentence "green hats, green clothes", this kind of scene may be seen in Guilin, which is known as "the best landscape in the world", and the ancient fishermen are a normal life scene, the last sentence "the oblique wind and drizzle do not need to return", that is, in order to catch the fat mandarin fish, do not care about the adverse effects of the breeze and drizzle, do not have to hurry home to avoid the rain, the language vividly presents the fisherman's leisure and free life. The author gives a general overview of the fisherman's life scene of fishing, and integrates the beautiful scenery of the Jiangnan water town into the idealized fisherman's life, so as to express the author's love for nature and present the author's beautiful yearning for a leisurely and free life. In the second sentence, "peach blossom flowing water" is generally used to describe the beautiful scenery of spring, and sometimes it is also a metaphor for the beautiful love between men and women, the great poet Li Bai once wrote in his work "Questions and Answers in the Mountains" that "peach blossoms and flowing water go suddenly", which refers to the deep and distant natural beauty, Zhang Zhihe uses this word to write poems, which is to show that he is devoted to the beautiful scenery of mandarin fish fat, which fits his state of mind after resigning and retiring, and he does not need to hurry home in the slanting wind and drizzle.
The above three poems are common words for returning, thinking or retreating, all of which are common words in the poems, and are also common basic meanings in poetry, the most familiar work is Li Shangyin's "Night Rain Sending North", although the meaning it expresses has made students scratch their heads, followed by Zhang Zhihe's "Fishing Song" which means to return to the countryside and a beautiful life, and Quan Deyu's poem is dedicated to female friends who do not like to trim the edges, especially the lead Hua can not be abandoned.
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