Today, it is still mainly based on material combing, which belongs to the basic work, serving the same interests, and also helping to improve itself in the process of finishing. Many of the characters in this article are relatively unpopular, and I usually pay little attention to them, so I know them from scratch.
"Han and Wei Six Dynasties Miscellaneous Biography Collection" 2017 edition
This time, it mainly put geographical chronicles and history books, and only two house inscriptions were included in literary works, and the "Teacher Table" was not written. In principle, only books related to ploughing land are accepted, so the "Historical Records", "Dongguan Han Ji", "Sanfu Decision" and the like are not released, and only one sentence of "Nanyang County" Xie Cheng's "Book of the Later Han" is also skipped.
Some books and authors are not necessarily directly related to the issue of Zhuge Liang's cultivation of land (mainly because the original book has been lost), but they can form a set of inheritance roadmaps with other books, so they are also included. The selection criteria are a bit subjective, and there must be omissions, so please leave a message in the comment area to add.
Sang Qin, year of birth and death unknown, a native of Luoyang, Henan, may be the earliest author of the "Book of Water". The first two are mainly based on the "Han Shu Confucian Lin Biography", Tu Yun gave Sang Qin "Shangshu", and Tu Yun was a person when Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, and Wang Mang was a nobleman.
It is said that Sangqin was a person between the Wei and Jin dynasties, mainly because there are a small number of place names in the late Han and Wei and Jin dynasties in the "Water Classic", but this can only be said to have been added by the Wei and Jin dynasties.
Since Sangqin is mentioned many times in Ban Gu's (32-92) Hanshu Geographical Chronicles, I support Sangqin as a writer of the Book of Water in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Then Li Daoyuan mentioned the "Sangqin Geographical Chronicles" once, and it seems that Li Daoyuan thought that Sangqin wrote other books, but even if the "Water Classic" was not written by him, the "Hanshu Geographical Chronicles" and "Water Classic" are also based on Sangqin's writings (probably an interpretation of the "Shangshu Yugong"). But it is unknown where Sangchin has been in his life and why he has the strength to create the "Water Classic".
Ying Shao (about 151 ~ about 203), the author of "Geography and Customs" and "Customs and Customs", was born in Nandun County, Runan County, Eastern Han Dynasty, and Taishan Taishou in the late Han Dynasty, and may have been the boss of Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Liang. Remarks related to the issue of cultivated land include "Hanoi Yin Quoc also, Zhou name is Nanyang." "The beginning of the Jin Dynasty started Nanyang, and now Nanyang City is also. "The city is in the sun of Xiangshui, so it is called Xiangyang." "Long avoided the emperor and changed" and so on. Among them, the "Xiangyang" issue was sprayed by scholars such as Lu Cheng and Yang Shoujing: "There is no Xiangshui in Xiangyang." "Gai Ying's misear. "Ying Shao has the yang word in the county, and the yang of a certain mountain and a certain water is the yang, but in fact, there are many such landscapes. "Ying Shao also has "Shangshu Old Things", and he should have seen the works of Sangqin, who is also a famous writer of "Shangshu", and there was no scholar at that time who did not study Shangshu.
Wang Cang (177-217 years) wrote "Heroes", "Jingzhou Literature Records of Officials", "Liu Zhennan Tablet", etc., a native of Gaoping, Shanyang, Eastern Han Dynasty, and lived in Jingzhou. Because he was in the same place as Zhuge Liang, his article can be regarded as first-hand material on the issue of cultivated land, but the relevance is not high, and it can only be used as an auxiliary. Wang Cang's own experience is highly similar to Zhuge Liang, both of whom are from present-day Shandong, their parents have an old relationship with Liu Biao, and their families are married to Liu Biao, but they are not reused. And then as I mentioned in my previous article, some of Wang Cang's works were written in Jiangling or Dangyang, which proves that Liu Biao also ruled in Jiangling.
"Wei Luo" and "Dian Luo", written by Wei Lang Zhongyu. "Stone Ancient and Modern History" said, "Wei Shi Jing Zhao Yu Feng privately wrote Wei Luo, and the matter stopped Emperor Ming." According to the seven Confucian scholars in the "Biography of Wei Luo and Confucianism", all of whom died during the reign of Emperor Wen of Wei and Emperor Ming of Wei, and the "Wei Luo" records the deposed of Cao Fang in 254, it is speculated that Yu Feng was about (180-260) people. If the Cao Fang incident is a posterity, the year of Yu Fang's birth and death can be pushed forward by another ten years.
Wei Luo is Pei Songzhi's most cited book, and there are still eighty-nine volumes in the Sui Dynasty, according to the evaluation of "Wenxin Carving Dragon" and "Stone", the main problem of this book is that it is complicated and not refined enough, but it is not credible. Although Stone counts it as a canonical history, the Book of Sui is included in the miscellaneous history. In the Song Dynasty, Gao Rusun said, "There are five families of Wei's other histories, and those who can refer to and see each other with Chen Shou's "Chronicles" are also recorded for a while. And the fish "Dictionary" is particularly powerful. ”
"Wei Luo" mainly talks about the content of Wei, but there are two of them about Liu Chan and Zhuge Liang of Shu, Pei Song shouted "strange" and "strange", and couldn't help but quote it in full.
Wei Luo's main contribution to the problem of ploughing land was "Liu Beitun in Fancheng...... Liang Nai traveled north to see Bei ......, "Yu Feng thought that Zhuge Liang took the initiative to find Liu Bei first. This material has been debated for a long time, so I won't go into detail in this article. In addition, the materials of "Wei Luo" about Zhuge Liang's first study tour are also valuable.
"The Behavior of the Sages", according to the "Old Tang Dynasty Book Classics": "The Biography of the Sages of the Sea in four volumes, written by Emperor Wei Ming, and the three volumes of the Acts of the Sages in the Sea", written by Li. "The author has no exam, probably someone from the end of Wei. There is a saying on the Internet that it was written by someone from the Chen Deng family, but I don't know what the basis is. This book is an earlier story dedicated to characters (mainly about Wei), which should be the source of material for some later books, but unfortunately this book is not complete. In addition, the biographies of characters such as "Records of Famous Scholars in the Late Han Dynasty", "Biography of the Late Han Dynasty", and "Biography of the Late Wei Dynasty" have not been examined or lost.
"Offering the Emperor Spring and Autumn" is said to be written by the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is said to be from Yuan Ye of Wu State, a native of Guangling. There are many differences between this book and other books, such as "Liu Biao Zhuge Xuan is Yuzhang Taishou", "(Zhang Xiu) Suitun Xiangyang, for the Northern Domain" and so on. Pei Songzhi's evaluation "I don't know who the disciples of Zi and Ye are, and they can't identify whether they are or not, and they lightly manipulate Han Mo and create heresies in vain in order to carry out their books." Such a situation is enough to slander the public, and suspicions will arise later. The sinners of the historical books, and the ones who do not take what they have learned. "The records of Yuan Ye, Lezi and others are filthy and false." However, Jiang Tianshu, Liang Mancang and other predecessors strongly proved that this book is highly credible.
Zhang Yan (?-266), a native of Wu County, Wu County, has three volumes of "Silent Notes", and "Later Teacher Table" is quoted from this book by Xi Chisel Tooth, and then used by Pei Songzhi in his notes. Xi chisel teeth or Pei Songzhi said, "This watch, there is nothing in the bright collection, and Zhang Yan memorizes it." In addition, Zhang Yan also said that "at that time, the north was afraid of everything, and Meng De came out of Nanyang" can be used as a reference for the use of Nanyang. There is also "Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi", of course, there are too many such comments, and I won't mention them if they have nothing to do with the research of ploughing the land.
An article commenting on Zhuge Liang in "Zhuge Liang Research Integration".
Huangfu Mi (215-282) was a native of the Wei, Jin, and Ding dynasties, and his "Book of Geography" was quoted in the "Geography Book". It is a pity that the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" lacks the "Chronicles of the Counties", so here is a mention of the only geography books of the same period. There may be ploughing materials in the book that influenced future generations, but unfortunately they have been lost today.
Du Pre (222-285) Wei Jin Jingzhao County Duling County, (278) succeeded Yang Hu as the general of Zhennan, guarding Jingzhou, after the destruction of Wu continued to sit in Jingzhou, supervising the repair of water conservancy, was called "Du Father" by the people of the time, Xiangyang Nanyang left his relics, and also happened to die on the road of Deng County between Nanxiang.
Du Yu was the first person to enter the Confucian Temple and the Wumiao at the same time, earlier than Zhuge Liang, and his literary achievements were mainly annotated in the "Zuo Chuan", many of which are related to the issue of cultivating land. On the one hand, Du Pre said that Nanyang City at that time referred to the cultivation of martial arts, and on the other hand, Du Pre mentioned issues such as Dengxiang County and Hanshuibei, so they had a blow to Nanxiang and Nanxiang.
"The Biography of the Sages of the Chu State", the author has Zou Hongfu in the Wei and Jin dynasties and Zhang Fang, Yang Fang, Zhang Fangxian in the Jin Dynasty and other sayings, the latter three are either untestable, or their lives do not match. The content of this book involves the characters in the Jingzhou area during the Han and Jin dynasties, including Guo Youzhi and Zong Cheng, who are from Nanyang, and this may be the only Jingzhou book that is known to have more people from Nanyang than from Nanjun.
Many of the contents of Xi Chisel come from this book, but there may be slight changes, such as Yang Yi's elder brother Yang Xi, "The Legend of the Ancestors of the Chu State" says "Jiangnan Crown", while "Xiangyang Old Records" says "Shunnan Crown". Of course, the most important one is the "Biography of the Ancestors" cloud directly quoted in "Xiangyang Old Records": "The old saying in the township, Zhuge Kongming is Wolong, Pang Shiyuan is the phoenix, Sima Decao is the water mirror, and the title of the Duke of Virtue is also." ”
Although Zou Hongfu can't find it, there was a Zou Zhan (?-299 years) in the Wei and Jin dynasties, the word Runfu, a new savage in Nanyang (Yizuo Yiyang), who was called "Nanyang Renjie", and was a doctor of Taixue during the Cao Wei period, and Zhengnan was engaged in Zhonglang, which was deeply valued by Yanghu. "Jingzhou Diagram", "Shishuo", "Ten Dao Chronicles", etc. all recorded an incident: "Uncle Yang and Zou Runfu tasted the climb of Da Xian Mountain", which is also an allusion to the fallen tear monument. From the perspective of his comprehensive life, Zou Runfu is very in line with the background of creating "The Legend of the Ancestors of the Chu State". A little later, Zhang Fang or Yang Fang once annotated or praised this book, so he left his name.
In addition, Zhu Zuyan's "Notes on the Biography of the Sages of the Chu State" published in modern times believes that the author Zhang Fang is Zhang Fu (?-305) of the Jin Dynasty, a native of Nanyang and Western Hubei, and a descendant of Zhang Heng, which also has a certain amount of truth. Zhang Fu also wrote "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Lege" to evaluate Zhuge Liang.
Chen Shou (233-297) was a native of Anhan County, Brazil County, Ji Han Dongguan Secretary Lang, Guan Ge Lingshi, recommended by Zhang Hua, served as a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, governed the book to wait for the imperial history, etc., wrote "Three Kingdoms" and "Yibu Old Biography", etc., at that time Xiahou Zhan was writing the "Book of Wei", and when he saw Chen Shou's work, he destroyed his book. Zhang Hua is deeply kind, and said Shou said: "You should pay for each other with the Book of Jin." ”
But this edition of the Book of Jin also mentions that Chen Shou begged for rice from the Ding family in exchange for a "good biography" in the "Three Kingdoms" and the story of Chen Shou belittling Zhuge Liang because of personal grudges, although it looks like a folk joke, but after all, it has been included in the official history and should have a certain degree of credibility.
There are different accounts of when Chen Shou wrote the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, but it must have been after Wu's death in 280. After Chen Shou's death, the imperial court specially sent people to his house to copy the book, and it was only after this that it was really widely disseminated.
The common sense that needs to be introduced is that Chen Shou himself said that Shu "does not have a history, and there are no officials in the notes, and it is a book of many deeds and disasters". Yuan Wei Li Biao said: "Kong Ming is in Shu, and he doesn't pay attention to the historians." Therefore, the historical materials of Ji and Han are the least in the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu.
Because there were no historians in Shu Han, Chen Shou was an amateur most of the time. Although he had read "Zhuge Liang Ji" to Sima Yan after entering the Jin Dynasty, "Three Kingdoms" was created when he was appointed as the county Zhongzheng (in charge of talent election), and it was only circulated among the people during his lifetime, and it was officially transcribed after his death on the recommendation of Fan Yan. We can say that "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has been officially recognized because of its excellence, but it cannot be said that it is an official history book.
Yu Pu (about 238-300 years) was a native of Gaoping Changyi, and his book "Jiangbiao Biography" talked about Wu Guo a lot, and there are several Jingzhou stories mentioned in the only remaining texts, such as Nanyang Li Yan, which can be referred to. Yu Pu has been to Longyou, Jiangxi, and Luoyang, but there is no record of living in Jingzhou.
Guo Xuan, the year of birth and death is unknown, about the Western Jin Dynasty. Guo Xuan's "Wei and Jin Shiyu" or "Wei and Jin Sayings" must have influenced Liu Yiqing's "Shishuo Xinyu", and later generations often confuse the two books. Pei Songzhi said, "The case Zhang Fan, Yu Pu, and Guo issued the history of the order of Jin, and the official of Fan, Pu, and the internal history of Poyang." Fan's "Later Han Dynasty", although it seems to have not been completed, the rhetoric is considerable. Pu's "Jiangbiao Biography" is also coarse and coherent. However, the promulgation of the "Wei and Jin Shiyu" is the most despicable and has strange things from time to time, so it is quite popular in the world. Gan Bao, Sun Sheng, etc. took many words and thought that they were Jin books, and there were often those who were false. Although the past dynasties did not have a high evaluation of "Shiyu", because Guo Xuan was the Xiangyang Order, the Liu Bei Ma Yuetanxi incident he recorded should have a certain basis.
Sima Biao (c. 245-306) served in the central government and served as a secretary and secretary. The Book of Jin records that he first wrote the "Spring and Autumn Period of Kyushu", "and there is no good history, the description is complicated, although the Zhou has been deleted, it is still not finished, and there are many people who die below Anshun." Biao is to discuss the books and embellish what they have heard. Then he made the "Continuation of the Han Book". Now "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Chronicles of the County Kingdom" is from the Book of the Continuation of the Han Dynasty, because Fan Ye's original work lacks a chronicle table, so the "Eight Chronicles" are copied from Sima Biao.
When it comes to discussing the issue of cultivated land, it is estimated that the most frequently cited historical materials are not the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", but Sima Biao's "Chronicles of the County and the Country". "Wenxin Carving Dragon" believes that this edition of the Continuation of the Han Dynasty is the "crown of all books" (compared to other historical books about the Eastern Han Dynasty), but unfortunately by the time of the Song Dynasty, most of them had been lost. Du raided and guarded Xi'e is also from Sima Biao's "Spring and Autumn in Kyushu". On the issue of Zhuge Liang's "northward journey", Pei Songzhi said that "Kyushu Spring and Autumn" "is the same as what he says".
Zhiyu (250~300), a native of Chang'an, Jingzhao County. Yang Shoujing said: "Guo Zhongchan, Zhiyu and others are all in the clouds, and Fan Ben is the country of Zhongshan Fu. "I don't know if it means that Zhiyu wrote a book of "Jingzhou Records", if so, it is the earliest Jingzhou Chronicles. In Li Shan's note of Nandu Fu, he also quoted his words "Nanyang County governs Wan, in the south of Beijing, so it is called Nandu", confirming that Nandu refers to Wan and not Nanyang County.
Li Xing (birth and death unknown), a native of Wuyang in the Western Jin Dynasty. Referring to the birth and death of his father Li Mi (224~287), he is also a "young son", and it is speculated that his birth year is about 260. In the first year of Yongxing (304), he was ordered by Luo Shang to ask for help from Liu Hong, the general of Zhennan, and wrote "Zhuge Wuhou Residence Inscription" in "Yongxing", leaving the unsolved case of Zhuge 's hometown and ruins on Longshan Mountain.
Li Xing's materials were too small, so he had to add Liu Hong's materials as an auxiliary. Liu Hong (236-306) was a native of Peiguo Xiangxian County, served as the assassin of Jingzhou in 303 A.D. to crusade against Zhang Chang, and in 304 he succeeded in worshiping the general of Zhennan, and died in 306, a total of three years in Jingzhou, during which he was Zhuge Liang and Yanghu Lijie. Although Liu Hong visited Wancheng twice in 303 and 305, and conquered Xiakou in 305, he still sat in Xiangyang most of the time, and there was no dispute that Yanghujie was in Xiangyang. Personally, I tend to say that Zhuge Liangjie is also in Xiangyang County, but it is obviously not in today's Longzhong, so I will not go into detail here.
Ying Zhan (274-326), a native of Nantun, Runan, was the great-nephew of Ying Shao. At the invitation of his uncle Liu Hong, he was the general of Zhennan, and he still served as an official in Jingzhou for many years after Liu Hong's death. The famous deed is that when he broke Du Tao, although his family was poor, he did not plunder property like other soldiers, but only took books. He is the author of three volumes of "The Story of Cannan", which is currently lost, and can only be imagined that many Xiangyang sources in later generations come from him. has an old relationship with Zhuge Mei, a descendant of the Zhuge family, and once sighed, "Zhuge Chenglin, how can he be weird with Le Yizhi!"
Guo Pu (276-324), a well-delighted person in Hedong. Guo Note: "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" and "Erya" are very famous, and the "Book of Sui: The Book of Classics" contains "Three Volumes of the Book of Water, Guo Pu's Note". When talking about Sangqin earlier, he said that a small number of Wei and Jin place names were inserted into the Han Dynasty's "Water Classic", which is estimated to be added by the Wei and Jin people, so Guo Pu is in line with this time, maybe he is half written and half written, so that some scholars believe that the real author of this edition of the Water Classic should be Guo Pu. "The Preface to the Correction of the Water Classic" says that "Tang Duyou wrote a general canon and saw two books, saying that Guo Pu was omitted from Li Note, and there was nothing to say about the author." Both of them are supposed to have annotated the same "Water Classic", but it is not known whether the Li version includes Guo's annotations.
After Guo Pu took refuge in the Jiangnan region from his hometown, his main places of residence were Jianye and Danyang, and there were no conditions for national exploration. In addition, Guo's note on "Wanzhonglong" in "Erya Note" is "the middle of the mountain".
Wang Yin (about 284-354), a native of Chen County, Jianxingzhong, crossed the river, and was called by the official to compile the history of the Jin Dynasty in the early years of Taixing, and was deposed, but the book was not completed. Wang Yin's father, Wang Quan, "has the ambition to write, and every private record of the deeds of the Jin and the deeds of the heroes." Therefore, the Book of Jin says, "Although the hidden writing is good, the writing is clumsy and incoherent." His books are all written by his father, and those whose styles are incomprehensible are also hidden. But because of the private records left by his father, Wang Yin's knowledge is very rich, especially familiar with Luoyang, so when Yu pre-wrote the "Book of Jin", he "borrowed the book written by Yin, and what he heard became more and more widespread", which is considered an ancient infringement case. Wang Yin's writings are also known as "his things are not important, and his words are not true".
In the extant version of Wang Yin's "Book of Jin", Yimin Biography accounts for a large proportion, and dozens of hermits have been retained, many of whom live in the mountains, which can be used as a reference for Zhuge Liang's life in Jingzhou. Of course, the biggest relationship with ploughing land is his "Shu Ji": "In Jin Yongxingzhong, Zhennan General Liu Hong went to Longzhong, Guanliang's former residence, set up a table of Lu, and ordered Taifu Pengyi to be Li Xing's text." Without Wang Yin, this article would not have been preserved. In addition, "The Legend of Jin Taikang" may also be from Wang Yin's hand.
Chang Xuan (c. 291 - c. 361) was a native of Jiangyuan, Shu County. Around 340, he wrote the Book of Shu Han, and completed the Huayang National Chronicles around 350. Because Chang Xuan has been in Yizhou for most of his life, he should be very familiar with the family history of Zhuge Liang and the ministers of Jingzhou, so he can refer to it, but there are not many materials directly related to ploughing land. In addition, "Huayang National Chronicles" includes Yang Opera "Ji Han Fuchen Praise", saying that Zhuge Liang "offered advice to Jiangbin".
"Old Tang Dynasty Book Classics": "Jin Gao Fan compiled three volumes of "The Biography of Jingzhou Sages". "Beitang Book Banknote" quoted the sages of Jingzhou: "Pang Shiyuan's teacher Sima Decao, the silkworm moon bowed to pick mulberry, Shiyuan talked with him, and then forgot to eat." Since Gao Fan has no other records, it is not clear who came first and who came after his records and others.
"The Biography of Sima Hui", the author is unknown, has been lost, and the general environment of the Liu Biao period can be seen through a few inscriptions.
"Zhuge Liang's Biography", the author is unknown, has been lost, at present only one is included in the "Taiping Yulan", which has nothing to do with ploughing land. There are many "other biographies" about people in the Han and Jin dynasties, but basically there is no author's name, and it may be that "XX Biography" is not the official title of the book, but generally refers to the transcription of "other books" other than the official historical biography.
"The Biography of Mr. Li in Nanyang" or "The Biography of Mr. Li", the author is unknown, "Taiping Yulan", "Things and Things" and other quotations "Mr. name Kuang, the word Zuhe, Nanyang people." Zhaolie sent a sergeant to take Mr., Mr. fogged up for a long time, Shu rode to kill each other, and Mr. was into Ya. "This is a character like Zuo Ci, there is no other material, and it is impossible to verify whether the incident occurred in the Nanyang period of Liu Beitun.
Fan Wang (c. 308-c. 372), a native of Shunyang, Nanyang, once followed Huan Wen into Shu, "Beginner's Notes" twice mentioned his annotation "Jingzhou Chronicles", of which "Wan Wu Zixu Mansion" is from him, other books often mix his notes with "Jingzhou Chronicles", or directly say that he wrote a version of "Jingzhou Chronicles", but who wrote Jingzhou Records before Fan Wang, there is no clear statement at present.
Xi Chiaoya (317-384 A.D.) (Genealogy 328-412 A.D.), a native of Xiangyang. The Book of Jin says that he was "erudite and well-informed, and known for his writing." Jingzhou Thorn Shi Huan Wen Piwei engaged in (with Fan Wang's colleagues in the previous article)...... Wen out of the expedition, chisel or from or ...... The imperial court wants to chisel the teeth and make the history of the country". Overall positive reviews.
Xi has a lot of records about Zhuge Liang, such as the Xiangyang circle of friends, the seven captures of Meng Huo, and the construction of the ancestral hall in Chuyang. In addition to the famous "Han Jin Spring and Autumn Period" "Liang family in Nanyang Deng County, in Xiangyang City West Twenty miles", "Xiangyang Old Records" has more materials, in addition, "Book of Jin" also received his "Secretary with Huan" "Looking west to Longzhong, I want to Wolong's Yin." "Notes on the Book of Water" said that he Yongping five years (should be mistaken) to write "Zhuge Wuhou Mansion Inscription": "Plough the west acres, and forever roar the east mountains." The original text was found in the Tang Dynasty's "Art and Literature Gathering". His "Side Zhou Lutong Zhuge Treatise" has "Zhuge Wuhou Longpan Jiangnan". In addition, the old and new Tang books mention that he wrote "The Biography of Yiren Gaoshi", which is now lost.
The controversy of "The Old Biography of Xiangyang Elderly" is very great, for example, because "The Old Biography of Xiangyang Elderly" includes Zhu Xu's "death in the eighteenth year of Taiyuan (393 AD)", it is estimated that later generations mistakenly included the content of other Xiangyang records when sorting them out. For example, "Saying Xuan" said that "Song Xi chiseled his teeth", but several materials quoted are talking about the affairs of the Qi Dynasty and the Liang Dynasty.
Another example is the question of whether the original title of the book is "Ji" or "Biography", Sui Shu is a record, and Tang Shu is a biography. According to Pei Songzhi's "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", it is basically called "Xiangyang Ji". Ren Zhaolin said in the preface to the Ten Books of Xinzhai: "In the original book, the characters are loaded in the front, the mountains and rivers and cities are contained in the middle, and the pastoral guards are carried in the back. "If there are no mountains and rivers and cities in this book, then the clouds can also be transmitted. However, the rate cited by the predecessors is still called Deye. ”
Personally, I speculate that Xi Chiaoya's original work should be the "Xiangyang Ji", which is a mixture of geography and characters, and the compilation that has been circulated in later generations is the part dedicated to the characters, which gradually changed from "Xiangyang Ji: The Old Biography of the Elderly" to "The Old Biography of Xiangyang". Some editions include the content of a certain "Xiangyang Ji" during the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the "Xiangyang Old Biography", which should also be identified. In the Song Dynasty, a version was also engraved, and Du Fu was included, which shows that later generations have continued to write.
The most controversial is the Qing Dynasty Xinzhai Ten Kinds of Books, which extracted materials from unknown sources from Wanli's "Xiangyang Mansion Chronicles", and increased the number of characters in "Xiangyang Old Records" from 18 to 42, which can be seen in the article "Is Zhuge Liang's eldest brother-in-law really Kuaiqi".
After checking the short period of time from 356 to 363 AD, Xingyang was in the hands of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, during which Xi Chisel went north to serve as Taishou, and it should pass through the Nanyang area of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Of course, Xi Chisel's tooth and leg disease are recorded in the history books, so it is difficult for him to go out to visit the terrain often, and the main source of his creation should be the books of his predecessors.
I have mentioned Pei Songzhi and Liu Zhiji's evaluation of Xi Chisel Teeth in the article "Is the Historical Data of Xi Chisel Teeth Credible" before, but that is only an evaluation of some items, not the whole. Like Pei Songzhi also said in "The Biography of Zhuge Liang" Guo Chong's "Five Things of Tiao Liang": "Sun Sheng and Xi chiseled their teeth to search for similarities and differences, and they did not leave anything behind, but did not carry Chong's words, knowing that they were obedient." In other words, Pei Songzhi is at least stronger than Guo Chong and has a basic bottom line.
By the way, we are now subtly influenced to think that only the "Twenty-four History" is called "official history", or "only official cultivation" or official certification is called official history, but in fact, it is only the Qing Dynasty that began to have a view.
The early "official history" is a style rather than a quality standard, mainly referring to the history of the chronicles, with the imperial era as the key, and there must be the original chronicle, the biography, the table, and the chronicle. Therefore, no matter how good the chronicles of "Zuo Biography", "Warring States Policy" and "Zizhi Tongjian" are, they cannot be regarded as correct history.
"Jade Sea" said, "The chronicle is the oldest, and everyone uses the chronicle to facilitate reading, and the number is the official history." So it's not that the canonical history is more credible than other types of history books, but simply because it's easy to consult.
"Old Tang Dynasty Book Classics": "There are three out of ten categories: one is the official history, and the chronicles are biography. Second, it is called ancient history, and it is chronicled by chronicles. The third is called miscellaneous history, and the miscellaneous history is variant. Fourth, it is said that the history of the hegemony ......", "Later Han Ji", ...... "Han Jin Spring and Autumn Period", ...... "Shu State Chronicles" fifteen volumes, written by Chen Shou. "Wu Guozhi" Volume 21 Written by Chen Shou, Pei Songzhi's Note...... The seventy-five parts on the right, fifty-five chronicles, and twenty miscellaneous pseudo-national histories. It is not clear here whether Chen Shou and Xi Chisel are classified as chronicles or "miscellaneous".
"New Tang Dynasty Calligraphy and Art Chronicles": "Its categories are thirteen: one is the official history, the second is the chronicle, the third is the pseudo-history, and the fourth is the miscellaneous history......" and "the right is seventy, ninety books." "The Spring and Autumn Period of the Han Dynasty...... Forty-one and forty-eight parts of the right chronology. The difference between the New Tang Dynasty and the Old Tang Dynasty is that Chen Shou is no longer included in the chronicle, nor is there any mention of "miscellaneous pseudo-national history", and "The Spring and Autumn Period of the Han Dynasty" is officially counted as a chronicle.
"General Chronicles": "One hundred and eighty-two books and eight thousand four hundred and sixty volumes of nine kinds of official histories".
Chao Gongwu of the Southern Song Dynasty (Zhuge Liang was the one who borrowed money) "Junzhai Reading Journal": "There are three out of ten histories: one is called the official history, the second is the chronicle, the third is the treasure record, the fourth is the miscellaneous history, the fifth is the pseudo-history, and the sixth is the historical commentary ......"
"General Examination of Literature": "Since the world has written books, all of them are intended to be classes, horses are considered to be the correct history, the author is especially wide, the history of a generation, to dozens. "There are nine histories of the Hejaz...... sixty-seven histories of the Sui Chronicles...... seventy-five official histories and collection histories of the Tang Chronicles, and ninety-six ...... them."
In the "Wei Luo" we mentioned earlier, Yao Zhenzong said, "There are chronicles, chronicles, and biographies, which are the genre of official history." ”
On the whole, there are more than ten kinds of Later Han books about the Eastern Han Dynasty (now there are "Eight Later Han Books Annotations"), Wang Shen's "Book of Wei", Wei Zhao's "Book of Wu", and the eighteen Jin books about the Jin Dynasty (now there are "Nine Old Jin Books Edition"), in fact, many of them belong to the official history.
Xi Chisel's "Spring and Autumn Period of the Han Dynasty" is indeed not an official history, but a chronicle. You can say that the quality of this book is not good and that it is fake, but you can't say that he is a "wild history", which is unprofessional. I was also misled by netizens before, and I followed the jokes for so long.
Yuan Hong (c. 328-c. 376) was a native of Yangxia, Chen County, and his books "Later Han Dynasty" and "Preface to the Famous Ministers of the Three Kingdoms" have different records of many events in the late Han Dynasty, such as the time of Sun Jian's death, for example, Cao Cao Na was the wife of Zhang Xiuji's brother, etc., which can be compared with the Later Han Book and the Three Kingdoms, but it is basically the same as the "Three Kingdoms" on issues directly related to ploughing the land, which is not very helpful. His "Biography of Famous Scholars" may have Zhuge Liang's deeds, but unfortunately most of them have been lost.
Yu Zhongyong, according to Zhang Fanfan's research of Shandong University, should be the son of Sikong Yu Bing of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a native of Yanling, Yingchuan, and wrote a book after the second year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (377), not in the Liu Song Dynasty. He has written geographical works such as "Jingzhou Ji", "Xiangzhou Ji", "Searching for the Source of the River", "Jiang Ji", "Han Water Ji", etc., in addition to talking about Jingzhou and only talking about Han Shui, but unfortunately the original book has been lost. It may also be mistakenly recorded as Yu Zhongchong's "Yongjing Ji".
"Southern History" records that Yu Zhongyong was a guest of Xiao Ke, the king of Nanping in the Liang Dynasty, and according to this record, he was a member of the Liang Dynasty. However, because it has been repeatedly cited in the Northern Wei Dynasty Li Daoyuan's "Notes on the Book of Water", Wei is earlier than Liang, so the one in the Southern History should be caused by Yu Zhongrong's miswriting.
"Water Classic: Water Note": "Forty miles northwest of (Wudang) County, there is a continent in the Han River, and the name is Canglang Continent. Yu Zhongyong's "Han Water Chronicle" is called Qianlingzhou. "Pick a random one, Yu Zhongyong may have visited the field and listened to it with his own ears, so that it has a different text from the "Water Classic" but has a similar pronunciation.
"Jingzhou Tuji" or "Jingzhou Tu Vice", there is no exact author at present, only the Ming Dynasty "Shuo Luo" put "Jingzhou Tu Vice" under the name of Yu Zhongyong. This book has a lot to do with the problem of ploughing land, recording the "isolated" Zhuge Liang house, and also recording the Zuole Mountain in the west seven miles of Dengcheng. Since "Dengcheng West Qili" is quoted from this book in "Art and Literature Gathering", and the Song people say that it is from Sheng Hongzhi's "Jingzhou Chronicle", I personally think that the so-called "Jingzhou Diagram" may be the illustrated version of Sheng Hongzhi's "Jingzhou Chronicle", but more evidence is needed. In addition, "Taiping Yulan" quoted "Jingzhou Tuji": "Xi chisels the tooth "Ji" cloud, and his son's family is in Shandong. It can be confirmed that Jingzhou Tuji was after Xi's version of Xiangyang Ji and refers to Xi's works.
The author of "Jingzhou Land Record" is unknown, because it records Huan Xuanshi, it should be written after the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Pei Songzhi (372 ~ 451 years) Hedong Wen is gratifying, since "the sixth year of Yuanjia (429) on the 24th day of July, the Zhongshu Shilang Xixiang Marquis Pei Song" "Three Kingdoms Notes", the following materials will not appear in Pei Note. Pei Songzhi mainly collects information, although he also has some remarks, but the reference value is average, and he has never been to Nanyang or Xiangyang.
Fan Ye (398-445) Shunyang County, Shunyang County, although very late, his compilation of the Book of the Later Han was of the highest quality, directly replacing more than a dozen original versions to become the mainstream. However, Fan Ye was influenced by the Eastern Jin Dynasty and paid more attention to the style of celebrities and scholars, and was biased in the selection of materials, unlike Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", which could better reflect the original appearance of the late Han Dynasty. In addition, Fan Ye does not seem to be familiar with the administrative evolution of the Han Dynasty, for example, the place names of Wang Mang still use the old names of the former Han Dynasty. As we said before, part of his "Chronicles of the County" was moved from Sima Biao by later generations.
Liu Yiqing (403-444) organized and compiled the "Shishuo Xinyu" is the most famous, and there is a record of Pang Tong's "two thousand miles" in Yingchuan, which is different from the exchanges in Xiangyang according to other books. Sheng Hongzhi is his staff, so "Jingzhou Ji" may also have Liu Yiqing's credit. In addition, he also wrote the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" and "The Biography of the Sages of Xuzhou", which have been lost, and I don't know whether there is a record of Zhuge family affairs. Liu Yiqing served as the assassin of Jingzhou from 432 to 439.
"Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" records: "Jingzhou Ji" three volumes, written by Song Linchuan Wang Shilang Sheng Hong". There is no more information about Sheng Hongzhi, and it can only be speculated that he was commissioned to create "Jingzhou Ji" when he was with Liu Yiqing. Jingzhou during the Liu and Song dynasties only included the present-day Jingzhou City, Jingmen City, and Enshi City, and no longer governed Nanyang and Xiangyang. Sheng Hongzhi's "Jingzhou Chronicles" has a lot of materials about ploughing land, such as Longzhong Kongming Mansion and Dule Mountain, etc., which will not be detailed here.
Shen Huaiwen (409-462) Wuxing Wukang people, in 449 with Yongzhou Assassin Shi Guangling King Liu Danzhen Xiangyang, "Sui Book Chronicles" recorded his "Sui Wang into the Record" six volumes, lost.
"The Chronicle of Southern Yongzhou", there are versions of Guo Zhongchan and Bao Zhi, and it is also said that "Jin Wang Shao" was written, but the content of the book obviously belongs to the Qi Dynasty. Nanyongzhou is Xiangyang County during the Three Kingdoms period, so it is also said that Guo Zhongchan's book is called "Xiangyang Ji". There is very little information about Guo Zhongchan (?-454), "Guang Bo Wuzhi" "Song Shang Shu Kubu Xun Guo Zhongchan" "Zhu Gong Story" "Song Guo Zhongchan was engaged in Nanjun Wang. Synonymous with the plot of the declaration. Condemned. is located in Jiangling, "Liu Yixuan, the king of Nanjun, was killed in 454, so it can be known that Guo Zhong died in the year (that is, Liu Dan did it in the previous article).
In addition to the material quoted by Sheng Hongzhi in the "Nanyongzhou Ji" itself. The Shuijing note also cites its "There is a city thirty miles south of Wancheng, which is very humble and small, and it is called Sangong City". "The Unification Chronicles of the Great Qing Dynasty" cites "Guo Zhongchan's Southern Yongzhou Chronicles: On March 3 of every year, Thorn Shi Yu drank here (White Horse Mountain)", etc., which is slightly related to the issue of ploughing land.
Liu Chengzhi, born and died without examination, Liu Song clan, entered Qi. He also wrote "Jingzhou Chronicles", but some scholars believe that his several state records are only sub-volume titles, from his "Yongchu Mountains and Rivers Ancient and Modern Records" or "Yongchu County Records", unfortunately it has been lost, Yongchu is the name of Liu Song, this book may have been written in Liu Song.
Lu Cheng (425 ~ 494 years), together with one hundred and sixty geography books of the previous generation, wrote twenty volumes of "Geography Book Copy" and one hundred and fifty volumes of "Geography Book", "Xiangyang no Xiangshui" came from him.
Ren Fang (460-508), on the basis of Lu Cheng, added eighty-four new geography books, including nine volumes of "Geographical Books", 252 volumes of "Records of Geography", and "Records of Differences". The Liang Dynasty also had Liu Huangmen's "Geographical Book Copy" and so on.
The two general geographical chronicles of "Geography Book" and "Geographical Records" are the precursors of Li Daoyuan's "Notes on the Water Classic", and they can be called masterpieces (the Notes on the Water Classics are only 40 volumes). With all the materials they have gathered, the answer to the question of ploughing the land may be hidden in it, but unfortunately it has been lost.
Shen Yue (441 A.D. ~ 513 A.D.), a native of Wuxing, Wukang. The Book of Song was compiled in 488 AD, and some of the materials related to the Three Kingdoms at the end of the Han Dynasty are not found in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. Among them, the history of Nanyang and Xiangyang is mentioned in the "Chronicles of Prefectures and Counties III", and the book repeatedly cites the aforementioned Liu Chengzhi's "Chronicles of Yongchu County".
Li Daoyuan (c. 470-527), a native of Zhuo County, Fanyang, may have accompanied his father to Qingzhou when he was a teenager, and later served in Jizhou and other places. "Northern History" and "Book of Wei" say that "Daoyuan is studious and has read strange books." Wrote 40 volumes of the Book of Water. So he mainly worked on a desk, and there was no record of traveling around the country to investigate the water system. But he has been the Taishou of Luyang, the Assassin of Eastern Jingzhou, and the General of Annan, at least to part of the territory of Nanyang Ancient County in the Han Dynasty. Volume 29 of "Water Jing Note": "Yu Yiyanchang four years (515 years), except for the history of the East Jingzhou Thorn, the ancient city of Biyang County, there is Cai Water in the south of the city, out of the south of the Panshi Mountain, so it is also called the Panshi River, the northwest flow is injected into the Bi, and the water is not discharged. "It can be seen that Li Daoyuan has at least inspected the Bishui River Basin under his rule, so he should have some understanding of Huyang Longshan, the source of Bishui in the Water Classic.
"Wei Shu Barbarian Biography": "In Yanxing (471-475), the Dayang Barbarian Chieftain Huan was born to the north of the water and more than 80,000 to the south of the Chu and Ye dynasties, and sent his subordinates to the north. Gaozu Jiazhi, the general of the southern expedition, the history of the assassin of East Jingzhou, the king of Xiangyang. "It can be seen that the territory of East Jingzhou. Luyang County is in present-day Lushan County, not far from Wancheng.
Tan Qixiang, Historical Atlas of China, map of the Northern Wei Dynasty
Note: Tan Tu's map of the Northern Wei Dynasty is relatively early and cannot fully display the territory. In the twenty-second year of Taihe (498), the Northern Wei Dynasty had already captured Wancheng and Xinye, and in 503 it had taken Yiyang, so when Li Daoyuan took office in 515, the area that could move should be larger than the one shown above. However, Xiangyang and Dengcheng would not be occupied by the Western Wei until fifty years later, and Li Daoyuan could not go.
Of course, it has been three hundred years since Li Daoyuan left Nanyang from Zhuge Liang, and he can't see anything on the spot. Li Daoyuan's achievements in the "Water Classic" are very high, but when it comes to the specific issue of cultivating land, he can only provide third-hand materials, mainly from the previous Jingzhou records.
Bao Zhi, born and died without examination, a native of the East China Sea, "New Tang Dynasty Book" and "Literature General Examination" are recorded as "Bao Jian's "Southern Yongzhou Chronicles" three volumes", which should refer to the same person. Shi Jin'an Wang Xiao Gang, 523-530 A.D. Bao Zhi Suifu in Yongzhou, and ten colleagues "copied the books, rich and fruitful", called "Gao Zhai Bachelor", his "Southern Yongzhou Chronicles" should have been written during this period. It says, "In the middle of Qi Jianwuzhong (494-498), someone repaired a well with a stone pillow, one foot two inches high, nine inches long, and (twenty years later) dedicated to the king of Jin'an", which seems to be an event he personally experienced.
Later, Bao Zhi became one of the five Zuozheng of Xiao Yi (508-555), the king of Xiangdong, and should be in Jiangling, Jingzhou. Xiao Yi later became the emperor, "gathered books for 40 years, got 80,000 volumes", and compiled 2 volumes of "Jingnan Geography".
Yin Yun (471-529), a native of Changping, Chen County. "Sui Book Classics": "Ten volumes of "Novel", written by Shi Yinyun, the right chief of Emperor Wu of Liang. Yin Yun has followed many clans of the Liang Dynasty, especially Xiao Tong, the prince of Zhaoming, and I don't know if he has a credit for the "Anthology", which is often considered to have been compiled in Zhaomingtai, Xiangyang. In addition, later generations recorded Zhaomingtai, that is, the "Gao Zhai" of the previous article, confusing Xiao Gang and Xiao Tong brothers, and the specific situation is unknown. In short, Yin Yun and Bao Zhi have edited books in Xiangyang, and the probability of acquaintance or even colleagues is relatively high.
According to Kao, Yin Yun was edicted to write the "Novel" around 514. Modern people may think that the word "novel" is very informal, but as the first work in China to be named a novel, it still has a certain status. Yu Jiaxi believes that the value of this book is that the sources of various statements are indicated, which is far more than most works of the same era. However, because the books it cited could be seen at the time, "Taiping Guangji" and others often accepted the original books instead of the "Novel" edition. It can also be seen from Yin Yun's quote from the "Zhuge Liang Mansion" in "The Story of Southern Yongzhou". However, "Wuhou ploughed in Nanyang, Nanyang is the name of Xiangyang Ruins, not Nanyang County." This is unsourced, speculative, and therefore rarely accepted.
The Anthology of the Writings of Xiao Tong (501-531) is also quite important, and many of the texts would not have been preserved if they had not been included in the Anthology, or some of them could be compared with the Anthology edition. For example, there are at least a dozen differences between the "Anthology" and the "Teacher Table" in the "Three Kingdoms".
"Jing Chu Years Chronicles", by Zong Yi. Zong Yi (502 ~ 565 years), the ancestral home of Nanyang Nieyang, but the family from the Eastern Jin Dynasty with Liu Hong to Chen Min, the eighth lived in Jiangling. Like Bao Zhi, he once followed Xiao Yi (Emperor Yuan of Liang), the king of Xiangdong, in Jiangling. Among the existing contents, no materials directly related to ploughing land have been found.
In 555 AD, Emperor Yuan of Liang burned books in Jiangling, and a large number of historical books were lost.
The article is too long, and in the end it is organized into a short table.
The biggest gain of this collation is that we have found the inextricable connections between the books, and the relationship between inheritance or commentary is very obvious. It was found that the reason why there are so many kinds of "Geography Book", "Jingzhou Ji" and "Xiangyang Ji" with the same name is probably due to the fact that later generations generally used the half-note and half-creation model for their predecessors. Because it is a "note", it inherits the original title. But in terms of content, it is likely that there are more new parts, and it can be regarded as a new book.
Some books, such as Pei's Note on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Li's Note on the Water Classic, are distinguished, but others have gradually become indistinguishable in circulation, such as Guo Pu's Notes on the Water Classic.
I've simplified the diagram again to make it easier for everyone to see the relationship between the books (which could have been drawn in more detail).
In the end, although my original intention was to provide the original material, the conclusion is up to everyone. But because one fact is so obvious, I can't help but mention it.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanyang was prosperous and there were many celebrities, so there were still works like "The Legend of the Sages of Chu State" that were from Nanyang. However, after the end of the Han Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty, the cultural atmosphere of Nanyang had disappeared, and it was even more difficult to publish any works when there was a long-term war or a long time in the north during the Wuhu Rebellion. Only one Li Daoyuan still made extensive reference to the chronicles of the south.
On the other hand, in the southern region of Jingzhou, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it belonged to the important place of the country, "Jingzhou is the most important place in the upper class, the land is vast and the army is strong, and the capital is real and the army is armoured, and it ranks half of the imperial court", and its status is not the same. As can be seen from the picture above, the authors of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were concentrated in the south, and the "explosion" of Jingzhou's historical materials originated from the Liu and Xiao groups of the Southern Song and Liang dynasties who frantically pursued art and literature.
I'm not saying that during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, the records of Zhuge Liang in the north were lost. Rather, it is believed that the southern region excavates and cites more historical materials, so that more materials can be left.
After the Tang Dynasty, the balance between the north and the south was restored, so the poems of "Nanyang Wolong" and "Longzhong Zhuge " will be half and half.
Without further ado, let's judge for yourself.