What did the ancients rely on to clean their teeth, and did they also use toothbrushes like modern times?
The following article comes from the history school, and the author counts white as black
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Teeth, which are important organs for human eating and digestion, are hard and pure white like snow. A neat tooth can not only have a better quality of life, but also win the opportunity in social activities, for this reason, friends have developed the habit of brushing their teeth in the morning and evening since childhood. In fact, in ancient times, we also paid great attention to the health of our teeth, and all kinds of dental cleaning products were readily available.
In ancient times, although there were no delicate toothbrushes and exquisite toothpaste, the people had long attached importance to brushing their teeth. In the Book of Songs, Wei Feng and Shuoren, "teeth like rhinoceros" are used to describe the white teeth of beauty, in contrast, the ancients used the word "龃門" to explain the uneven teeth, which was later extended to the situation of two sides resisting and hating each other. It is pointed out in the "Historical Records of Canggong" that the cause of tooth decay is related to "eating without gargling".
Above_ Stills from "Dream of Red Mansions", Lin Daiyu rinsed her mouth
Above_ Poria cocos, one of the raw materials for ancient toothpaste
The ancients did not achieve dental care overnight, but gradually.
In the Confucian classic "Book of Rites", there is a record of "the first song of the chicken, the salty gargle", which means that when the chicken crows in the morning, it is necessary to rinse the mouth with salt water. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the common people had a further understanding of brushing their teeth.
According to the "Jindan Quanshu", it is recorded that "the poison of food and drink accumulates between the teeth, and when it is washed at night, the dirt is completely removed, and the teeth are not damaged." "Therefore, morning gargling is not as good as night gargling, which is good at raising teeth." At that time, brushing teeth in the morning and evening was a daily habit to keep teeth clean, and the book pointed out that brushing teeth at night was better than brushing teeth in the morning, which was better for dental health.
Above_ The shape of the Qin and Han dynasties resembles a dry tobacco pouch, a bronze vessel, and the inside of the tube should be an animal mane
The question is, what did the ancients use to brush their teeth?
As early as the Qin Dynasty, there were bronze toothbrushes, shaped like smoke pots, with strips of cloth stuffed into the round holes as brushing tools. Even so, this toothbrush was a patent enjoyed by the aristocracy. During the Three Kingdoms period, the ancients used to brush their teeth with their fingers. Use it to dip it in fine salt and make a SPA, quite raw. To be precise, this should be done by rubbing the teeth, although there is a process of cleaning the teeth, the actual effect is so-so. In the Dunhuang mural "The Holy Picture of Laodu Fork Head", a monk is depicted holding a water bottle in his left hand and carefully rubbing his teeth with his right hand.
Above_ In the Dunhuang mural "The Holy Picture of Laodu Fork Head", a monk squatted on the ground, holding a mouthwash bottle in his left hand and rubbing his front teeth with the middle finger of his right hand
In comparison, the toothpicks of the same period appear tall. In 1976, in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, the tomb of the Three Kingdoms Dongwu Gaorong was discovered, and two small objects were unearthed.
Lu Yun, a literati in the Western Jin Dynasty, wrote in a family letter with his brother Lu Ji: "One day Cao Gong utensils, there are toothpicks, and now I send one to my brother." "What Lu Yun gave to his brother was a toothpick used by Cao Cao. At that time, giving away toothpicks was a fashionable and elegant trend. Two toothpicks from different periods have one thing in common, they are both pure gold, and today's bamboo and wood toothpicks are too low.
Above_ Ancient toothpicks
The effect of tooth rubbing is not ideal, the key is not a good toothbrush. Toothbrushes in the true sense of the word are "foreign" from India. Indian Buddhist monks have the habit of brushing their teeth after meals, which is prescribed by Buddhist precepts. Guanyin Bodhisattva's net bottle, in addition to water, is also soaked in two willow branches, which are both sprinkled and brushed. Xuanzang has a similar record in "The Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty". When he returned home, he brought back an Indian wooden toothbrush, which he improved with willow branches.
With the spread of Buddhism in China, the ancients also began to brush their teeth with willow branches. First soak the willow branch in the water, bite the end of the soaked willow branch when brushing your teeth, and the willow fiber is scattered to become a brush, which is also dipped in salt, and the brushing effect is immediately reflected, which produces the allusion of "chewing tooth wood in the morning".
In addition to willow branches, locust branches, peach branches, and kudzu vines can also achieve the purpose of cleaning teeth, and the bitter and spicy taste is really uncomfortable. To this end, the Tang Dynasty medical book "Outer Taiwan Secrets" prepared a secret recipe similar to tooth powder, "9 grams of cimicifuga, 9 grams of Angelica dahurica, 9 grams of Moben, 9 grams of fine pungent and 9 grams of agarwood, 18 grams of agarwood, 18 grams of aqueous stones, ground into fine powder, pounded and sifted for scattering, each towards the willow branch bite soft, point to take medicine, rub teeth, fragrant and smooth." ”
Above_ The late Tang Dynasty used willow branches to make toothbrushes
With the development of the times, dental cleaning tools have been continuously improved. The writer Su Dongpo used pine resin and poria as raw materials, dried and grinded, screened fine powder, and made "Su's tooth powder". This tooth powder is not used for brushing teeth, but for gargling. In addition, Su Dongpo created his own strong tea gargling method, drinking a few sips of strong tea after meals, relieving greasy and odor, cleaning teeth and leaving fragrance. The Northern Song Dynasty medical classic "Taiping Shenghui Fang" has a record of toothpaste: "Willow branches, acacia branches, and mulberry branches are decocted in water and paste, and ginger juice, fine spices, etc., are used to wipe the teeth every time." "This is the prototype of medicated toothpaste.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, shops specializing in making and selling toothbrushes appeared. Wu Zimu, a literati of the Southern Song Dynasty, recorded the life of Hangzhou in "Dream Record", "There are brushing teeth among all kinds of groceries. There are more than 100 toothbrush stores all over the streets and alleys, among which the "Golden Alley Mouth Official Toothbrush Shop" is the most prestigious.
Above_ Toothbrush remnants and Song money unearthed from the ash pit of the Song Dynasty
Above_ The toothbrush handle of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period already has an ivory material
The toothbrush is made of ivory, tiger bone, donkey bone, horn, bamboo, wood and other materials, the head is drilled and planted with horse hair, the toothbrush is about 25 cm long, and the pores are as few as 4 holes and as many as 24 holes. There are two kinds of planting hair, which are clearly worn and darkly worn, and the open perforation is small on the outside and large on the inside, reinforced with metal wire, and the dark wear is beautiful and generous, and the process is difficult. The price of a toothbrush is about 25 Wen, which is comparable to the price of a candle.
In the "Compilation of Treasures of Family Health", there is a special discussion on brushing teeth in the morning, "You can't brush your teeth in the morning, you are afraid that the roots will float and the teeth will be sparse and easy to shake, and you will suffer from toothache for a long time, and the brushing of your teeth is a ponytail, which is extremely damaging." "It turns out that the horsetail is hard, and regular use can cause sequelae of loose and painful teeth.
Guo Yu, a poet at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a poem: "Nanzhou toothbrushes are sent to the day, and they are tired of cleaning up the annoyance." The short hairpin is cut into a tortoiseshell light, and the ice silk is embellished with silver and dense. The word "toothbrush" appears for the first time in this poem. The poet received a toothbrush from the south, worth one gold, with a handle like a short hairpin, made of tortoiseshell, and silver with white horsemane. Horsehair is softer and makes it a good material for bristles.
Above_ The front and back of the Liao Dynasty grafted bone toothbrush in the folk antique market
In addition to tooth decay, bad breath can also be produced by teeth. For the ancients, who paid attention to social etiquette, this was a very humiliating thing. During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Diao Cun had bad breath in the waiter, and Emperor Huan's face was green. In order to improve Diao Cun's bad breath, Emperor Huan gave him something and ordered him to go to court with his mouth in his mouth.
Diao Cun thought it was a royal poison at first, but he didn't expect that after taking it in his mouth, the aroma was pervasive and the bad breath disappeared. It turned out that Emperor Huan rewarded him with chicken tongue incense, which was concocted with cloves, which was very valuable and had a wonderful effect. The Eastern Han Dynasty scholar Ying Shao wrote in the "Han Guanyi": "Shang Shulang contains chicken tongue incense and volts to play, and Huangmenlang kneels and accepts, so it is called Shang Shulang Huaixiang and holds the orchid, and tends to take the Danqi." Shangshu contains incense, which has become a kind of court etiquette, often referring to the meaning of serving the king.
Friends look familiar, this is the classical version of chewing gum. This kind of chewing gum is recorded in works such as "Qi Min Yaoshu" and "Mengxi Writings". The Sui and Tang Dynasty historian Li Baiyao once had the poem "Peicui and the cold, the plum is fragrant and receives the sun", and the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi also wrote: "The new grace is the same as the dog's tooth, and yesterday it contained the same chicken tongue." During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the old custom of having chicken tongue in the mouth was still popular in the officialdom.
Above_ Advertisement for tooth powder in modern times
The ancients believed that a good tooth should be used for dental hygiene and develop a good habit of teeth cleaning.
Usually turn the tongue at 360 degrees, first outside and then inside, insist on 36 times a day, and knock the teeth once in the morning and evening, 72 times a day, in addition, close the lips tightly, gargle, and gargle 36 times. These methods are not only popular in ancient times, but also applicable to modern times, friends for their own oral health, hurry up and try it.
Resources:
"Han Guanyi", "Compilation of Treasures of Household Health", "Taiping Shenghuifang", "Secrets of Outer Taiwan", "Jindan Quanshu", "Rites", "Historical Records: Canggong Biography"
(This article only represents the author's point of view and does not represent the position of this number)
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