In today's society, cancer has become one of the major diseases affecting human health. According to the World Health Organization, there are more than 10 million new cases of cancer each year worldwide, and this number continues to rise. Among these malignancies, four cancers are recognized as the most alarming health threats due to their high incidence and wide range of impacts. They are: lung, breast, colorectal, and liver cancers.
Although these cancers can have serious consequences at an advanced stage, they often show some subtle signs in the early stages. However, most people often ignore these early signs or fail to recognize them in time due to a lack of adequate knowledge. In fact, early detection and treatment are key to improving the survival rate of cancer patients.
1. Lung cancer: a hidden killer
Lung cancer, the name ringing in many families, often brings deep worry. Why is this disease so frightening? The key is its insidiousness and pervasiveness. Lung cancer often has no obvious symptoms in the early stages, or the symptoms are vague and easy to ignore. When coughing, phlegm, or even coughing up blood occur, many people may blame it solely on a common respiratory infection.
In addition to these more common signs, there are some less noticeable signs, such as hoarseness, persistent chest pain, difficulty breathing, recurrent lung infections, etc. Unfortunately, by the time these symptoms appear, lung cancer tends to progress to a later stage.
The prevention of lung cancer lies in avoiding its main risk factors, among which smoking is the number one public enemy. Quitting smoking is undoubtedly the most important measure to prevent lung cancer. In addition, avoiding long-term exposure to harmful substances such as asbestos, arsenic, chromium, and nickel is also an effective way to reduce the risk of lung cancer. In your diet, eating foods rich in vitamins and minerals, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, can also help reduce the risk of lung cancer.
Have regular check-ups, especially for high-risk groups such as long-term smokers, and regular chest x-rays or low-dose CT scans. These tests can help detect lung abnormalities at an early stage and allow for timely intervention.
2. Breast cancer: a concern for women's health
Breast cancer is a major killer of women's health. Unlike lung cancer, breast cancer has more recognizable signals in the early stages. One of the most common early signs is a breast lump, which is usually painless, hard, and poorly bordered. In addition, abnormal changes in the nipple (such as inversion, discharge, etc.) and changes in the breast skin (such as indentation, orange peel, etc.) are also signs that need to be vigilant.
Importantly, these symptoms do not necessarily mean breast cancer, but they do require a medical test to rule out cancer. Early detection and treatment are crucial for breast cancer patients. Self-examination is a simple and effective way to help women detect abnormal changes in their breasts in a timely manner. In addition, regular breast examinations are recommended under the guidance of a medical professional.
Preventing breast cancer includes weight control, avoiding long-term excessive alcohol consumption and hormone replacement therapy, in addition to paying attention to lifestyle habits. A healthy diet and moderate exercise are also important measures to reduce the risk of breast cancer. In some high-risk groups, such as women with a family history of breast cancer, more intensive monitoring or drug prophylaxis may be required.
3. Colorectal cancer: a threat that occurs quietly
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive system. Its early signs may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, etc. These symptoms may not be obvious in the early stages and are often overlooked.
Colorectal cancer prevention, lifestyle modification is crucial. A high-fiber diet rich in fruits and vegetables, low in fat and processed foods can help reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Avoiding excessive intake of red and processed meats, while maintaining moderate physical activity, is also an effective way to prevent colorectal cancer.
Regular screening is key to identifying colorectal cancer. Fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy are commonly used screening methods. For individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, screening may need to be started earlier and screening intervals shortened.
4. 肝癌:不容忽视的杀手
Liver cancer often has no obvious symptoms in its early stages, which makes early diagnosis a challenge. As the condition progresses, possible signs include right upper quadrant pain, weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, and even jaundice. Laboratory findings of liver abnormalities, such as abnormal liver function, can also be warning signs of liver cancer.
To prevent liver cancer, the most important thing is to avoid hepatitis virus infection. The spread of hepatitis B vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of liver cancer. In addition to this, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, controlling blood sugar and lipid levels, and avoiding exposure to hepatotoxic drugs and chemicals are all effective measures to prevent liver cancer.
Regular check-ups, especially for people with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, or a family history of liver cancer, are key to early detection of liver cancer. Ultrasonography and monitoring of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are commonly used to screen for liver cancer.