China is the homeland of tea, and Chinese also has a strong tea plot. Drink tea at home, drink tea in tea houses, drink tea at meetings, visit relatives and friends to drink tea, say that the media marry relatives to drink tea, and mediate public sentiments to drink tea. Tea can be divided into morning tea, afternoon tea, afternoon tea, appetizer tea, consumption tea, tonic tea, qinghuo tea, court tea, scribe tea, feather tea, folk tea and so on. Wherever there is Chinese life, there will basically be tea figures. Today we will learn about tea and see what test points are available for tea in the exam!
1. Tea writings
Lu Yu (陸羽), courtesy name Hongwei, was a tang Dynasty native of Jingling(present-day Tianmen City, Hubei), a disease, the character Ji Lingzi, Sang Amaranth, Donggangzi, also known as "Chashan Yushi". Tang Dynasty tea scientist, known as "tea immortal", revered as "tea saint", worship as "tea god", wrote three volumes of the "Tea Classic", the characteristics, quality, origin, planting, harvesting, cooking, utensils and so on. It became the world's first tea monograph.
Second, the classification of tea
green tea:
One of the main types of tea in China refers to the new leaves or buds of tea plants, unleavened, through the process of greening, shaping, drying and other processes to make drinks, the color of the finished products and the brewed tea soup more preserved the green style of fresh tea leaves, the main varieties are Longjing tea (West Lake), Biluochun (Suzhou), Xinyang Maojian (Henan)
black tea:
Black tea is a fully fermented tea, which is a tea refined by a series of processes such as withering, kneading, fermentation and drying withering, twisting, fermentation and drying, and the main varieties are Keemun black tea, Kung Fu black tea and Yunnan black tea
white tea:
Micro-fermented tea, is a traditional tea created by Chinese tea farmers, without greening or kneading, only after drying or simmering after processing tea, with a complete shape buds, varieties of white silver needles, Junshan silver needles
oolong:
Also known as green tea, semi-fermented tea, pharmacological effect, outstanding performance in the decomposition of fat, weight loss and bodybuilding, etc., in Japan is called "beauty tea", "bodybuilding tea", varieties of Tieguanyin, Wuyi rock tea
Tea:
That is, the tea brewed from the flowers or leaves of the plant or its fruits is processed by drying jasmine, osmanthus flowers, chrysanthemums, etc., and the flower tea is divided into flower green tea and flower black tea according to the type of tea
Third, the beneficial ingredients of tea
1. Tea polyphenols are the most abundant soluble ingredients in tea, but also the most important substance for tea to exert its health care effects, the most typical representative is catechins (phenols), with antioxidant (eliminate oxygen radicals), anti-inflammatory, reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, lower blood lipids, reduce body fat formation, antibacterial, change the ecology of intestinal flora and many other effects.
2. Tea pigment mainly includes chlorophyll, β-carotene, etc., which has the effect of delaying aging and beauty.
3. Theanine can improve brain function, enhance memory and learning ability. It has a preventive effect on Alheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease), Parkinson's disease and autonomic dysfunction.
4. Tea polysaccharides are a class of complex mixtures of ingredients. Tea polysaccharides have the effect of anti-radiation, increasing the number of white blood cells, improving immunity, and lowering blood sugar. Folk tradition of brewing coarse tea to cure diabetes is mainly to play the role of tea polysaccharides.
5.Y-Aminobutyric acid is not much in natural tea, but its content increases significantly after tea is processed. The main effect of Y-aminobutyric acid is to dilate blood vessels and reduce blood pressure, so it can be used as an adjunct to the treatment of hypertension. It can also improve blood circulation in the brain and enhance the metabolic capacity of brain cells, which helps to recover from stroke (stroke) and sequelae of cerebral arteriosclerosis.
Fourth, drink tea small common sense
1. Can I drink new tea?
New tea is not the newer the better, improper drinking method is easy to hurt the stomach, because the new tea has just been picked back, the storage time is short, containing more unoxidized polyphenols, aldehydes and alcohols and other substances, these substances will stimulate the gastrointestinal mucosa, the original gastrointestinal function of people are more likely to induce stomach disease. Therefore, new tea should not be drunk more, and new tea stored for less than half a month should not be drunk.
2. When is the best time to drink tea?
The time to drink tea is best after meals, because drinking tea on an empty stomach will inhibit the secretion of gastric juice, hinder digestion, and cause palpitations, headaches and other "tea drunkenness" phenomena in serious cases. In addition, when drinking tea at night, you should put less tea leaves, because there is caffeine in the tea leaves, which will affect the quality of sleep.
3. Can I drink overnight tea?
Overnight tea due to too long time, most of the vitamins have been lost, and tea protein, sugars, etc. have become bacteria, mold propagation nutrients, so it is not suitable for drinking. Summer temperature is high, tea is easy to sour and taste, if it is shelved for more than 12 hours, it is best not to drink, otherwise it will cause diarrhea.
4. Tea drinking season
Most of China has a monsoon climate, with warm spring, hot summer, cool autumn and cold winter, with four distinct seasons. Therefore, the drinking of tea in different seasons should also be adjusted accordingly, generally advocating: spring drinking flower tea, summer drinking green tea, autumn drinking green tea, winter drinking black tea.
Practice Questions:
[Exercise-1] Since ancient times, Chinese have had the habit of drinking tea, and the earliest domestic research on tea comes from Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" of the Tang Dynasty. According to the production process, tea can be divided into unfermented tea, semi-fermented tea and fully fermented tea. The following are semi-fermented teas:
A. West Lake Longjing Tea
B. Fujian Anxi Tieguanyin
C. Anhui Keemun black tea
D. Lushan Cloud Tea
Answer: B
【Analysis】The first step, this question tests the common sense of life.
The second step, oolong tea: also known as green tea, is a semi-fermented tea, that is, proper fermentation during production, so that the leaves are slightly red, which is a kind of tea between green tea and black tea. It has both the freshness of green tea and the sweetness of black tea. Because the middle of the leaf is green and the leaf edge is red, it is called "green leaf red trim". Representative teas are: Tieguanyin, Da Hong Pao, frozen top oolong tea. Fujian Anxi Tieguanyin belongs to semi-fermented tea.
So, choose option B.
【Expand】AD item: green tea, unfermented tea (fermentation degree is zero). Representative teas are: Huangshan Maofeng, Pulong Tea, Mengding Manna, Rizhao Green Tea, Laoshan Green Tea, Liu'an Gua Tablets, Longjing Tea, Meitan Cuiya, Biluochun, Meng'er Tea, Xinyang Maojian, Duyun Maojian, Liping Finch Tongue, Guanzhuang Dry Hair Tea, Ziyang Maojian Tea. "West Lake Longjing Tea" and "Lushan Cloud Mist" all belong to non-fermented tea. Item AD did not meet the theme and was therefore not elected.
Item C: black tea, fully fermented tea (fermentation degree of 80 ~ 90m), Keemun black tea, lychee black tea, Hanshan black tea, etc. There are three main types of black tea: small black tea, Gongfu black tea and red crushed tea. Gongfu black tea is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi, mainly Chaoshan Gongfu tea. Anhui Keemun black tea is a fully fermented tea. Item C did not meet the title and was therefore not elected.
[Exercise-2] "It is better not to drink alcohol for life than to eat tea without three meals", tea culture has a long history in China. One of the following misrepresentations about tea is:
A. Known as the "Saint of Tea" is Lu Yu, a famous tea scholar of the Tang Dynasty, who wrote the world's first tea monograph "Tea Classic"
B. Green tea is conducive to clearing heat and diuresis, so people with cool constitution should not drink more, black tea is refreshing and eye-catching, and the blood lipid lowering function is strong
C. Drinking tea before meals and before going to bed late to help digestion and sleep, tea should not be left too long when it is brewed
D. Da Hong Pao is produced in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province, which belongs to Oolong Tea and is a special famous tea in China
Answer: C
【Analysis】In the first step, this question examines cultural common sense and selects the wrong items.
In the second step, drinking a small amount of tea before or during a meal is not a big problem, but if you drink a lot of tea or drink too strong tea, it will affect the absorption of many macro elements (such as calcium, etc.) and trace elements (such as iron, zinc, etc.).
Do not drink tea before going to bed. This is even more important for early tea drinkers. After many people drink tea before going to bed, falling asleep becomes very difficult, and even seriously affects the mental state of the next day. People with neurasthenia or insomnia should pay special attention.
So, choose the C option.
【Expansion】Item A: Lu Yu, Zi Hongxian, Fuzhou Jingling (present-day Tianmen, Hubei) people, the number of Jinglingzi, Sangqi weng, Donggangzi, also known as "Chashan Yushi". He is a famous tea scholar of the Tang Dynasty, known as "tea immortal", revered as "tea saint", and worshiped as "tea god". Lu Yu was a lifelong lover of tea, proficient in tea ceremony, and was famous for writing the world's first tea monograph", the Tea Classic. He was also very good at writing poetry, but not much of his poetry survives. He has a strong interest in tea and has long been engaged in research, is familiar with tea cultivation, breeding and processing techniques, and is good at tea tasting. Item A is correct and is not elected.
Item B: Green tea not only has the pharmacological effect of refreshing the heart, clearing heat and relieving heat, diuretic relief, fire reduction and other pharmacological effects, but also has certain pharmacological effects on modern diseases, such as radiation diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and other diseases. However, people with a cool constitution should not drink more. Black tea can help digestion, promote appetite, diuresis, eliminate edema, and strengthen heart function. Black tea has a refreshing and eye-catching function, which is rich in flavonoids can eliminate free radicals, have an antacidizing effect, lower blood lipid function, and reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction. Item B is correct and is not elected.
Item D: Da Hong Pao, produced in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province, belongs to oolong tea, excellent quality. Chinese specialty tea. Its shape is tightly knotted, the color is greenish brown and moist, the soup color is orange and yellow after brewing, and the leaves are red and green. The most prominent feature of the quality is that the aroma is rich and orchid, the fragrance is high and long-lasting, and the "rock rhyme" is obvious. Item D is correct and is not elected.