He Su and the Manchu translation of the "Preface to the Golden Vase of Plums"
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, among the seven prefaces of several versions of "The Golden Plum Bottle", the Manchu "Golden Plum Bottle" preface is one of the important ones.
This preface is a precious Manchu document in the history of the study of "The Golden Vase of Plums" and the history of ancient novel criticism.
1. The mystery of the author of the preface to the Manchurian text "The Golden Vase of Plums".
The Manchu translation of "The Golden Vase Plum", engraved in the 47th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, 40 volumes and 100 times. The preface to the translation of the volume is signed "Preface to the May Hub Dan of the Forty-seventh Year of Kangxi", and the name of the author of the preface is not signed. Zhao Qi (1776-1829) "Xiaoting Continuation" Volume 1 "Turning the Study":
After the Dingding, set up a study room under the west porch of Taihe Gate, and select the flag clerks who are proficient in Qing literature, and there is no fixed number.
All the books of "Zizhi Tongjian", "Essence of Sexual Reason" and "Ancient Literature Yuanjian" are all translated into Qing texts. Its profound meaning is not troublesome to annotate, and it can be clear and clear, thinking that it is a momentary prosperity.
There is a household Cao Lang and the vegetarian, the translation is exquisite, the translation of the "West Chamber" and "Golden Plum" books, sparse words, salty and to-the-point, everyone is vying for recitation. ”
Zhaoqi, after the second son of the Qing Dynasty Taizu Nurhachi, was born in the 41st year of Qianlong (1776), loves poetry and literature, likes to read the historical books of the Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming dynasties, and is quite good at traveling.
He Su (1652-1718), the character Cunzhai, Chunde, Wanyan, Qing Kangxi Manchu, subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs inlaid with yellow flags. Tired official to serve as a bachelor, the first in the imperial examination of Qing literature, the number of Bakeshi, the master of the prince, the president of the flip study, and the famous Manchu translator of the Qing Dynasty.
He Su is the editor-in-chief of the Imperial Qing Wenjian. The Qing Wenjian was published in the same year as the Manchu Golden Vase Plum (1708). In addition, he translated "Sushu", "Awakening Words", "The Book of Filial Piety", "Ancient Relics" ("The Combination of Piano Scores") and so on.
In the early 80s of the last century, when he cooperated with Professor Hou Zhongyi of Peking University to edit the compilation of "The Golden Plum Bottle" (Peking University Press, first edition in December 1985), he received strong support from Mr. Zhao Zecheng, and agreed to borrow the treasured Manchurian text "The Golden Plum Bottle" and agreed to copy the preface.
The preface to the Manchu text was translated into Chinese by Professor Liu Housheng, an expert in Qing history. The following is the translated Chinese translation from the Manchu translation of Kan Duo's Codex The Golden Vase of Plums:
If you look at it, those who compile stories either promote good and punish evil in order to bring good and good fortune to good and evil, or entertain virtue and show poetry, or clarify theories and other things, or praise the righteous and the evil, and distinguish between loyalty and treachery.
The four books "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", and "Golden Bottle Plum" are known as the four strange books in ordinary Chinese, and "Golden Bottle Plum" can be called the most. All 100 times are 100 precepts, and the whole book is full of partisan fighting, drilling, informing, blasphemy, adultery, greed, bullying, framing fraud, designing concubines and killings, being poor and happy, slandering and dumping, and slandering and divisiveness. However, there is no one who is beneficial to the community in self-cultivation.
Ximen Qinglu poisoned Wu Da, (Wu Da) spun Pan Jinlian's medicine and died. Pan Jinlian killed her husband with medicine, and was finally killed by Wu Song with a sharp blade. If Simon commits adultery with another man's wife, and his wife and concubine commit adultery with a domestic slave.
Wu Yueniang concealed her husband and introduced her son-in-law into the inner room, raped Ximen Qing's concubine, and fornicated in the family. Wu Yueniang did not have the heart of chastity, and even Yin Tianding. Forced to force rape to ensure that you have the intention to molest. And Cai Jing and others deceived the monarch and bribed the public bank, and only 20 years as a prisoner, his son was also punished, and the traitorous party was all convicted and fell into the wilderness.
Ximen Qing was satisfied, and he was skillful in drilling camp for a while, but he inevitably died of greed. After Ximenqing's death, the bones were not cold, there were those who stole, some escaped, and some scammed, just like the lamp blowing the fire out, and all the dependents were like flowers falling and withering and perishing. There is no doubt that the weight of retribution is like weighing the scales.
Simon has only been in search of joy for five or six years, and his flattery, camping, and evildoers can also be for twenty years, and his evil deeds can lead to eternal admonition.
From ordinary couples, monks, Taoist priests, nuns, fortune seekers, diviners, alchemists, musicians, excellent people, prostitutes, acrobats, merchants, as well as land and water sundries, clothing and utensils, banter words, and slang songs, all of them are all-encompassing, and the narration is detailed and lifelike. This book is the best of the four.
This book was written by Lu Zheng, a Confucian in the Ming Dynasty, to denounce Yan Song and Yan Shifan's father and son. Yu made revisions at his leisure.
Those who read this book will know a hundred times and a hundred precepts, worry about fear, and know self-reflection with a heart, so that it can be said that it does not contradict the original intention of this book. If we relish, imitate and do evil, the heavier ones will destroy the family, and the lighter ones will be disabled and hateful, it is inevitable, but you can be careless! If you are not afraid to look at filthy and obscene words, you are indeed unendowed people, and they are insignificant. is for the preface.
Kangxi forty-seven years in May
The preface of the Manchu "Golden Vase Plum" says: "The meaning of the exhortation in this book is indeed clear, so that it can be translated." Yu made revisions at his leisure. From this, it can be seen that He Su presided over the translation work and reviewed and revised the translation.
The preface of the Manchu text "Golden Vase Plum" should be written by He Su. The preamble makes two important observations:
1. "Golden Vase Plum" is the best of the four strange books, writing ordinary characters, writing ugly life, playing the role of punishment, and a hundred times for a hundred precepts.
2. Proposed "Golden Vase Plum" author Lu Zheng said.
The Manchu translation of "The Golden Vase of Plums" is a book shadow
2. He Su commented on "Golden Vase Plum"
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than a dozen critical literatures that made positive evaluations of "The Golden Vase Plum" from different angles.
Earlier Dongwu Lane Bead Guest Preface, Xie Zhaoqian "Golden Vase Plum Baba". Deyuelou's engraved book "The Legend of the Embroidered Statue of the Ping Demon" (Chu Huang Zhang Wujiao, c. 1620) compares the four novels, and regards "The Golden Plum Bottle" and "Water Margin" as one category, and "The Golden Plum Bottle" "opens up another strange and elegant finale", "can be described as a strange book".
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the West Lake Diaosuo "Continuation of the Golden Bottle Plum Collection Preface", pushed "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", and "Golden Bottle Plum" as the three strange books, and called "Golden Bottle Plum" "Book of Love".
Li Yu inscribed the "Preface to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms" published by Qing Lianghengtang, saying: "I heard that Feng Ziyu of Wujun praised the four strange books in the United States, namely "Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West" and "Golden Vase Plum". Yu also likes its reward and calls it near. "The Golden Vase of Plums is called the Four Great Wonder Books along with the other three novels.
This view was accepted by the literati in the early Qing Dynasty. Song Qifeng's "Barnyard Sayings" praised "The Golden Vase Plum" as "the first writing of the late dynasty".
This view developed into the thirty-fourth year of the Kangxi Reign (1695), when Zhang Zhupo commented on "The Golden Plum Bottle", he directly named "The Golden Plum Bottle" as "The First Strange Book", affirming the achievements of "The Golden Plum Bottle" in writing poetry, and giving this masterpiece a higher historical status.
Twelve years after Zhang Pingben was published, He Su inherited and absorbed the results of the previous writers' comments on "The Golden Bottle Plum" in the Manchu translation of "The Golden Bottle Plum", calling "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", and "The Golden Bottle Plum" as the four strange books, and believed that "The Golden Bottle Plum" wrote ordinary characters.
Such as the husband and wife of the market, businessmen, prostitutes, excellent people, monks, Taoist priests, nuns, life ministers, etc., the narrative is detailed, lifelike, for the best of the four wonders, he concretized the predecessors' comments of "another secluded".
Ancient novels were criticized to the late Ming Dynasty and entered a new stage.
Li Zhen put forward the theory of childlike innocence, which opened the way for the creation of novels, and at the same time he put forward the theory of the five major articles of the universe (Han Yousi Zichang's "Historical Records", Tang Youdu Zimeiji, Song Yousu Zizhan Ji, Yuan Shi Nai'an's "Water Margin", and Ming Youli Xianji).
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Jin Shengsigh put forward the theory of the book of six talents. They all mentioned the novel as having the same status as the authentic literature "Historical Records" and Du Shi. Feng Menglong, Zhang Zhupo, and He Su went a step further and looked at the novel with an independent concept of fiction.
Feng Menglong's Preface to Ancient and Modern Novels divides the history of novel development into five periods, establishing an independent concept of novel history. Zhang Zhupo and He Su inherited Feng Menglong's view of novel history and the theory of the Four Great Strange Books, and raised "The Golden Vase Plum" to the highest position in the history of novels.
While presiding over the translation of "The Golden Vase of Plums", He Su studied many ancient Chinese novels, and he gave a general explanation of the content of the ancient novels:
"Or exalt the good and punish the evil, or entertain the mind and write poetry, or speak reasonably, use metaphors for others, or praise the righteous and the evil, and judge the loyal and traitorous. Although he is a barnyard official, he is all good. ”
Regarding the view that "every hundred times is a hundred precepts" in "The Golden Vase Plum", it is regarded as a book of punishment.
The cover of "Continuing the Golden Vase Plum".
The author's affiliation: Jilin University
This article was originally published in Selected Studies of Wang Rumei, <金瓶梅>2015, published by Taiwan Student Book Co., Ltd. Please indicate the source for forwarding.