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In January 1937, the "Red University" moved to Yan'an and changed its name to "Kang Da", but encountered difficulties in the initial establishment of the school.
The school enrolled its first batch of students, with more than 1,300 students, and it is worrying that there are no real classrooms and podiums to teach in the places where they go to school.
Without a desk, a bench, or a blackboard, how can we teach and read?
In this regard, General Su Zhenhua, who was teaching at the "Kang Da" at that time, said that if there are no conditions, conditions will be created.
He took a hundred of his students to the edge of the valley or to the dam yard to take nature as a classroom.
There are no benches, so the students pick up broken bricks and stack them, and if there is no desk, they use their two knees as their own desks and take notes.
Many years later, after the general's death, Deng Gong once commented that he had cultivated a large number of outstanding revolutionary cadres for the party organization as the captain of the "Kang Da" brigade.
What did General Su experience during the arduous and fulfilling years of "Kang Da", and what prompted him to stay in school for 4 years, just to teach and educate people?
A student of Chairman Mao
General Su once told others that he was a student of Chairman Mao and that the relationship between teachers and students was real and unchangeable.
This understanding of his was formed during his study at the "Red University."
Before going to "Kang University" as a lecturer, he first went to Red University to seriously study military and political related knowledge.
This is a necessary experience for many school lecturers, after all, it is an eternal truth to treat students well and learn real skills to be qualified to impart knowledge to others.
On June 1, 1936, in the old temple of Wayaobao in Anding County, northern Shaanxi, a bright red flag was rising, accompanied by the loud singing of young people.
On this day, the Chinese Anti-Japanese Red Army University (i.e., the "Red University") officially opened, and under the red flag stood the first batch of students of the school.
The school was divided into three sections, and most of the cadets of the first section were cadres at or above the regimental level.
For example, generals such as Luo Ronghuan, Liu Yalou, and Peng Xuefeng, most of them later became founding generals, which can be described as a gathering of heroes.
General Su Zhenhua was among them, and the average age of this group of trainees was 27 years old, and General Su was very young, he was only 24 years old at that time.
Although these young soldiers are young, they have already experienced a hundred battles and have rich experience, and according to statistics, there are an average of three scars left on the body of the first university members due to the battle.
The general, who grew up in a family of hired peasants, was only 16 years old when he participated in the Pingjiang Peasant Rebellion in July 1928, his first time in the revolution.
A year later, he joined the Komsomol, and in June 1930 he officially joined the Red Army as a fighter in the 3 Army Corps of the Red Army.
At that time, he changed his name for himself, he was originally called "Su Qisheng", and after joining the team, he became "Su Zhenhua" from then on.
Four months later, he joined the Communist Party and became a responsible and revolutionary communist.
Because of his courage in battle, he showed his edge in military and tactics, and soon he rose from squad leader all the way to regimental commander, and served as the political commissar of the 13th Regiment of the 5th Red Division and the 12th Regiment of the 4th Red Division.
This period of tempering has given him a deeper understanding of military and political affairs, but he believes that this is not enough, and he will continue to study.
After the end of the Long March, in order to train a group of mature revolutionary cadres and strengthen army building, the "Red Congress" came into being.
General Su must also be a powerful cadre in the army in this team, and he has a certain status.
A month after the establishment of the Red University, a new test crept in.
On July 3, 1936, Gao Shuangcheng of the 86th Division of the National Army found Wayaobao and ordered an attack on the area.
At that time, in order to preserve its strength and avoid a head-on conflict with it, the Red Army had no choice but to move to the local Baoan County.
There were no Red Army troops there, and how could they stand firm and continue to live and study when they first arrived?
The students of the First University of Science and Technology figured out a way by themselves, and General Luo Ruiqing took them around, and it took a lot of effort to find the uninhabited stone cave.
There are dozens of such caves, and these places have become new dormitories for the students of the Red University.
They were in a hurry, there were no teaching materials or teaching aids, and there was nothing in the caves, so it was very difficult to start teaching.
However, the teachers and students were not afraid of such difficulties, and if there were no teaching materials, they would let the students with practical experience discuss and compile the teaching materials together, and if there was no classroom, they would treat heaven and earth as a natural classroom.
He said that he was a baby from a peasant family, and he had walked through snow-capped mountains and grasslands, and this difficulty was nothing.
Compared with some comrades who had received education, General Su did not go to school and had a low level of education, and he was well aware of his shortcomings.
Therefore, he put in more effort than others, just to catch up and then surpass others.
From October to mid-December 1936, Chairman Mao came to the school and gave lectures to the students of the first subject.
The first content of his lecture was the situation of the revolutionary war in China at that time, and this topic contained Chairman Mao's personal summed up experience.
In the process, General Su greatly enriched himself and improved his military theory.
He studied very hard, which attracted the attention of Chairman Mao, who once praised his attitude towards learning.
It was under his unremitting efforts that he overcame his own difficulties and completed the military and political theory course taught in the school, which was affirmed by Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao called him a typical example of the intellectualization of workers and peasants, and this experience became an important reason why he stayed in school to teach other students.
During the time when he was a teacher at "Kang Da", General Su Zhenhua encountered a new test, and how did he deal with this?
Be aggressive
On July 1, 1937, "Kang Da" was established, and General Su Zhenhua, who was originally a student, went to the new school as a teacher.
And in the process of teaching, he encountered new problems, how did he deal with these new situations?
During the Yan'an period, there was a saying, "There is no second phase of the red big and no first phase of the resistance", what does this sentence mean?
In fact, this was the result of the relocation of the "Red University", and at that time, the first batch of students of the Red University had already graduated, and the results were very good.
Therefore, the school began to recruit the second batch of students, but after the "Xi'an Incident", the situation changed.
In response to this situation, the higher authorities decided to relocate the school and change its name to support the united front work.
The original second phase of the Red University students also became the second phase of the Kang University, and the students of this period were divided into two parts, one part was the university department, and the other part was the infantry school.
There are 14 teams with a total of 1,362 people in the university department, and General Su leads the 5th team with more than 100 students.
Even if life is not as difficult as before, it is still very difficult to run a school at Kang University.
As in the Red University period, the second phase of students he brought with him did not have classrooms and teaching aids, which couldn't help but remind him of the days when a group of them studied in northern Shaanxi a year ago.
Such difficulties are not difficult for him, and the key is whether these students can accept such difficult conditions.
Using nature as a lecture hall and using his knees as a desk, he led by example and showed everyone how to listen to lectures.
The second batch of students and they are all good students who bear hardships and stand hard work, and in such a difficult environment, they still listen carefully to General Su's lectures and learn rich military and political knowledge.
Soon after, the Lugou Bridge Incident occurred, and this group of second-phase students graduated ahead of schedule, and they rushed to the front line to fight against the enemy with the mood of resisting Japan and saving the country.
Among them, there were 100 students brought out by General Su, and he felt very pleased, which also prompted him to continue to stay at Kang University and teach the students to study.
In less than a month, Kang University ushered in a new batch of students, with a total of 1,272 students in this period, divided into 3 teams.
This time, General Su took the post of brigade leader, and he was in charge of the second brigade, which also specialized in the political direction.
The front line was tense, and the school construction in the rear was gradually on the right track.
This is a good thing, and it proves that the party organization is capable of training more revolutionary cadres, but problems also arise.
Kang University and Northern Shaanxi Public School are both local, and as soon as there are many students, the school building will not be enough to live.
The central government issued an order to move out of some of the school buildings and let the students of the public school live in.
In response to the fact that there were not many school buildings in the school, the school leaders decided to mobilize the students to open a new school building together.
In October and November 1937, General Su led the Second Brigade to participate in this work.
It is indeed a very difficult thing to dig a cave to build a new house, and General Su dug it together with his classmates.
At that time, he mobilized everyone and said that the Second Brigade is a political brigade, and whether it is political or not depends on whether we are effective in digging caves.
The students were encouraged to see their teachers digging caves together, and they thought it was a valuable opportunity to put theory into practice.
Therefore, in this work, everyone worked together to dig 175 caves in only half a month, and also built a 3,000-meter-long "anti-big highway".
In the later study, the second brigade led by him studied the policies and documents of the party organization in depth, criticized and reflected, and became a veritable "political brigade" in the third phase.
With the development of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the soldiers on the front line fought wits and courage with the Japanese army, and in the base areas in the rear, the students of the Anti-Japanese University also fought against the stubborn forces.
As a veteran Red Army soldier, how would General Su Zhenhua react to the provocations of the authorities' diehards?
Fight in your studies
On January 28, 1939, Kang University established two branch schools, and General Su Zhenhua continued to teach at the school at that time.
Just when they were recruiting the fifth batch of students, a conspiracy was hatched by local "friction experts", and how should General Su respond to this?
When the fifth batch of students was enrolled, Kang University came to another difficult situation, which came from the blockade and difficulties of the authorities.
Although the KMT and the CCP reached a second cooperation after the Xi'an Incident, the struggle did not stop, and the authorities secretly brewed many frictions and conspiracies.
In January 1939, there was an emergency in Wayaobao, and the authorities stationed in Wayaobao illegally arrested the county magistrate of the local anti-Japanese democratic government, as well as several staff members.
And all of this was planned by the "friction expert" Tian Jiesheng, this very serious friction incident.
At that time, General Su was leading the cadets of the 1st Brigade to study, and when they learned of this, they immediately launched a rebellion and fought against the "friction experts".
They joined forces with the garrison of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo border region, ready to strike back at any time, and also took care of propaganda.
Through the campaign and newspapers, Tian Jiesheng's conspiracy was exposed to the public, and General Xiao Jinguang, who was then the director of the rear guard of the Eighth Route Army, sent a telegram to the authorities, sternly demanding the release of the staff.
Thanks to our efforts, Tian Jiesheng had to release the arrested comrades, and there is no doubt that they won the struggle.
Chairman Mao was extremely relieved when he heard about this, and he praised General Su for being worthy of being a comrade who came out of the Red 3rd Army, with the heroic spirit of General Peng, and being able to control the situation at a critical moment!
With the development of the current situation, the students of Kang Da Nei gradually formed a pattern of fighting in study and learning in battle.
In June 1939, the central government decided to move the two schools of Kang University and Shaanxi Gong to the southeast of Shanxi.
After receiving the order, the colonel immediately took action, and on the way, they were renamed the Fifth Column of the Eighth Route Army, and then the "Youth Column".
The leader of this team was General Luo Ruiqing, and the original four brigades were reorganized into regiments, of which the first regiment was headed by General Su and General Wang Chijun was the director of the Political Department.
After two and a half months of marching, he led his students to break through the blockade of the Japanese puppet army, through many enemy-occupied areas, and walked more than 2,500 miles.
This is a huge physical and mental test for any person.
On the march, General Su Zhenhua always maintained an optimistic attitude, encountered the enemy's moves, and organized everyone to study and follow up on the situation at home and abroad during breaks.
In addition to this, he also attaches great importance to the cultural life of everyone.
Yan Jinxuan, a former literary veteran, recalled this period of school life, and she was very grateful for a decision made by General Su.
At that time, she was in General Su's team, she loved singing, dancing, and drilling, and everyone called her "golden voice".
General Su admired her very much and recommended her to the Stormtroop Drama Club in the Jinchaji Third District.
There, she was trained to become an even better literary and artistic worker, and later composed the music for classics such as the ballet "The White-Haired Girl".
It can be seen that during this period of Kang Da, General Su has greatly promoted himself and become a mature cadre.
And the cadets also took him as an example, actively studied military and political knowledge, and became a mature soldier.
In early February 1940, the situation in the southeastern part of Shanxi Province was basically stable.
The front-line fighters successfully cleared the Japanese puppet army that was "sweeping" here, sabotaging their plans.
All the teachers and students of Kang University seized this opportunity and set out from Chenzhuang overnight, wading south through the river, crossing the enemy's blockade line, and arriving in Shaanxi on February 26.
They completed the task of entering the southeast of Jinjin, and in the later summary report, General Luo Ruiqing spoke highly of General Su's first regiment.
He said that the performance of the first regiment along the way did have the appearance of "first"!
In June 1940, four months after Kang Da moved to the school, General Su was transferred out of the school, and he left the school where he had lived for four years, and was about to go to the front line of the Eighth Route Army to devote himself to a new battle.