The discipline and major settings have been updated, and the introduction of the first-level discipline of sociology and the basic requirements for master's and doctoral degrees

This article comes from the official account: Tianren Political and Economic Research

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The following content is from the official website of the Chinese Association of Academic Degrees and Graduate Education, and the official website of the Chinese Association of Academic Degrees and Graduate Education (acge.org.cn).

Introduction to the first-level discipline of sociology

(1) Discipline overview

The term "sociology" was first formally proposed by the famous French philosopher and sociologist Comte in 1838 in the Course of Positive Philosophy (Volume 4), which refers to a discipline that studies the basic laws of human society.

Sociology has gone through three main stages of development: classical sociology, modern sociology, and contemporary sociology.

Classical sociology, from the 30s of the 19th century to the 20s of the 20th century, this is the formative stage of sociology. During this period, sociology developed greatly in Europe, and formed three major traditions in the history of sociological development: the positivist tradition represented by Durkheim, the humanist tradition represented by Weber, and the historical materialist tradition represented by Marx. These three traditions had a profound influence on the subsequent development of sociology.

Modern sociology, from the 30s of the 20th century to the 70s of the 20th century, this is the stage of development of sociology. During this period, the Center for Sociological Research began to expand to the United States in continental Europe. After the introduction of sociology to the United States, under the influence of native pragmatism in the United States, the purpose of research underwent a major change: it gradually shifted from emphasizing theoretical speculation to emphasizing empirical research, and striving to analyze social phenomena with the precise methods of natural science. During the low ebb of the development of Western capitalism in the 20-30s of the 20th century, the Great Depression in the United States caused a large number of social problems. In the process of solving social problems, sociology has more obviously transformed into the direction of applied research—sociology has entered a new stage of development, and many valuable sociological theories based on the characteristics of American localization have also been formed, such as structure-function theory, conflict theory, social interaction theory, symbolic interaction theory, etc. Of course, the theory of urban sociology, represented by the Chicago School, also shone at this time.

Contemporary sociology, from the 80s of the 20th century to the present, this is the stage of widespread dissemination and development of sociology in the world. With the continuous advancement of modernization and globalization, sociology has developed rapidly in major countries, and different theoretical currents have emerged. Although sociologists have differences and even antagonisms on the issues of tradition-modernity, objectivity-subjectivity, macro-micro, society-individual, and action-structure, they have strengthened the convergence trend of mutual dialogue, mutual reference and mutual penetration of research themes and research methods. At the same time, many developing countries have also strengthened the discipline construction of sociology, and the development sociological theory with global influence has emerged, which has aroused the continuous attention of the world sociological community to the issue of modernization. The localization and modernization of sociology are becoming more and more obvious.

Around the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the main disciplines of sociology were introduced to China one after another. In 1891, Kang Youwei included "group learning" in the Wanmu Thatched Cottage to teach Dagang's Jingshi Learning. In 1897, Yan Fu began translating Spencer's The Study of Sociology, which was published in 1903 as a complete copy of The Study of Sociology. In 1916, Kang Baozhong gave a lecture on sociology at Peking University. Since then, Chinese scholars have continuously promoted the study of the sinicization of sociology and launched a series of influential scientific research results. Secondary disciplines such as theoretical sociology, applied sociology, demography, anthropology, folklore and social psychology with Chinese characteristics have been initially formed. Sociology and social surveys during the Republic of China period once attracted wide attention from the international community.

Although sociology was once cancelled due to the discipline adjustment at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, after the reform and opening up, in line with the needs of social and economic development, sociology has been rapidly restored and reconstructed, and in the process of continuous development, it has steadily promoted academic consciousness, forming a research trend of "aiming to enrich the people". It has made outstanding contributions to the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. Through the concerted efforts of the reform and opening up and the restoration and reconstruction of sociology, sociology has grown into a mature discipline with a wide range of disciplines, a complete disciplinary knowledge system, and relatively complete research methods and theoretical construction.

Since the beginning of the new era, sociology has further accelerated the process of sinicization and modernization of the discipline, the theoretical research and methodological research of sociology have been expanded with the times, and the research results of sociology have provided solid academic support for the major decision-making of the party and the government. At the same time, the Chinese sociology community has continuously achieved creative transformation and innovative development in the process of deepening the academic soil, strengthening international academic exchanges, inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and gradually forming the discipline system, academic system and discourse system of socialist sociology with Chinese characteristics, enriching and developing the independent knowledge system of sociology with Chinese practice, systematically promoting the theoretical research and construction project of Marxist sociology, and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization. It has laid a solid foundation for the study of promoting the common prosperity of all people, expanding the middle-income group and boosting domestic demand.

(2) Discipline connotation

1. Research object

The research objects of sociology are social structure, social behavior, social organization, social relations, social culture, social operation, social psychology and social change. This includes both the assertion that the object of sociological research is the society as a whole, and the assertion that the object of study is the individual of society. Social behavior includes both individual behavior and group behavior. Social relations refer to all the phenomena of connection or social interaction in human society. Social groups and social organizations contain social relations, and social networks also reflect social relations. Socioculture is the result of all social activities that are different from natural phenomena and given meaning by human beings. Social functioning, on the other hand, emphasizes the movement of the social organism as a whole. Social change reflects the process of transformation of human society from an established structure to a new structure. In other words, sociology should examine the past and present of society as a whole, predict the future, and propose a good way to govern the world. Social change emphasizes that sociology should study the laws of social evolution, development and change, and promote the smooth progress of Chinese-style modernization.

2. Theoretical basis or knowledge base

After a long period of development, sociology and its main disciplines have formed their own unique theories and schools, including social behavior theory, social interaction theory, social structure theory, social culture theory, social policy theory, social governance and social integration theory, social work theory, population theory, folklore theory, social psychology theory, social change and modernization theory, etc. These are all important theoretical and knowledge bases for sociology and its main disciplines, which are used to study different aspects of human social behavior and social phenomena, and to help people analyze and solve various forms of social problems.

3. Research Methodology

Sociological research is done under the guidance of a certain methodology. Methodologically, there have always been two basic views in sociology: one is positivism and the other is anti-positivism. Positivism generally advocates that the research objects of sociology are the same as the objects of natural science, which are purely objective, and that there is some inevitable causal law behind social phenomena, so positivism insists on objective research that has nothing to do with value, and tries to explore the objective causal relationship between social phenomena. In contrast, anti-positivism generally holds that social phenomena are not completely objective. Society is made up of people, and there are both subjective and objective aspects of human action. It is difficult to observe the subjective aspect of human beings, that is, the meaning and motivation of action, so sociology should study society from the perspective of individuals and their actions, and explain and understand individual actions and their meanings. In the process of modernizing sociology, critical theory and constructivism have also developed significantly. Under the guidance of certain methodology, the research methods of sociology can be roughly divided into quantitative research, qualitative research and mixed research. Quantitative research, that is, the quantification of social phenomena based on theoretical assumptions, the analysis of correlations or causal relationships between variables, and the quantitative prescriptiveness of certain social phenomena can be derived. For example, the survey subjects are selected by sampling, the data are obtained by questionnaire surveys, and the data analysis is carried out by statistics, econometrics, mathematical models, big data and artificial intelligence. Qualitative research is a method for researchers to go deep into the society and understand the research object through personal experience, emphasizing the understanding and analysis of the meaning of social phenomena on the basis of collecting original data, such as field investigation method, in-depth interview method, case analysis method, etc. Mixed research is a study that combines quantitative and qualitative research. At present, the use of technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the metaverse has promoted the development of computational sociology, and the quantitative research of sociology has produced a development trend from sampling inference to direct structured judgment. Experimental sociology has made significant progress in simulating human behavior and group action. At the same time, there have been new developments in interpretive sociology, phenomenological sociology, constructivism and ordinary sociology. Sociology of action and sociology of science and technology are also in the ascendant.

(3) Scope of disciplines

Sociology mainly includes 9 sub-disciplines, namely: Sociological Theory and Method, Applied Sociology, Demography, Anthropology, Folklore (including Folklore), Social Governance and Social Policy, Social Work, Social Psychology and Social Cognition, and Gerontology.

1. Sociological theories and methods

It mainly focuses on the theoretical analysis and generalization of social phenomena, and then makes theoretical analysis and generalization of the research object, discipline nature, theoretical system, role status, methods and means and historical development of sociology. Theoretical sociology can be studied horizontally from both a "logical" and a "historical" perspective. Different eras, different countries, and different sociologists will use different methods to conduct in-depth analysis and generalization of social phenomena, construct different sociological theories, form different schools of sociology, and form different discursive influences on sociological research. Sociological theories not only provide guidance for the development of applied sociology, but also continuously improve in the development of applied sociology, and promote the nationalization and modernization of sociological theories and methods. The formation of theoretical sociology is always accompanied by a revolution in sociological research methods and paradigms.

2. Applied Sociology

Compared with sociological theories and methods, applied sociology is the most important secondary discipline of the first-level discipline of sociology. It mainly applies the principles, principles, viewpoints and methodologies of sociological theories to the study of specific social phenomena and social problems, so as to obtain a theoretical understanding of the occurrence and development of social phenomena and social problems, and propose corresponding solutions. Applied sociology mainly uses "middle-level theories" related to specific social issues, such as deviant behavior theory, social change theory, social stratification theory, social organization theory, race relations theory, migration and urbanization theory, social capital theory, network society theory, symbol theory, consumer society theory, etc. Applied sociology often uses quantitative research methods, qualitative research methods, and mixed research methods to carry out specific research.

3. Demography

Demography is a science that studies the current situation of population, population process, population development law, and the interaction between population and other non-population variables. Demographic research involves a wide range of fields, which can be basically divided into two categories: one is the research on population size, population structure, population distribution, and population change carried out around the three basic elements of population, namely, birth, death, and migration, and has formed demographic methods and related theories. The second is to study the interaction between the population system and the external systems such as society, politics, economy, culture, and environment, and form a series of interdisciplinary disciplines related to it, such as population sociology, population economics, population geography, population ecology, population education, and computational demography. In the new era and the new population situation, demography mainly focuses on optimizing the population development strategy and implementing the national strategy of actively responding to population aging, and focuses on the long-term balanced development of the population to promote corresponding research. Chinese modernization is the modernization of a huge population, and it must be supported by high-quality population development. This thesis has laid a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the theoretical development of Chinese population studies and for demography to help the construction of a modern socialist country.

4. Anthropology

The term anthropology first appeared in English at the end of the 16th century, and initially focused on the human constitution and its evolution. After the end of the 19th century, anthropology emphasized primitive cultures and "other" cultures outside of Europe, so the study of these peoples and cultures constituted a new disciplinary field, "social/cultural anthropology". After the Second World War, anthropology gradually expanded its research object to include the harmonious symbiosis between human beings and multiple species in nature, in addition to the study of human sociocultural and biological attributes. Anthropology focuses on the cross-cultural and holistic perspective, and is committed to exploring the multiple possibilities of human social life, and in this way, to achieve communication and understanding between different cultures. Anthropology mainly obtains data and refines theories through fieldwork, and presents the results in an ethnographic manner. Anthropology plays an important role in forging the sense of community of the Chinese nation. To meet the needs of the network society, network ethnography has also developed rapidly.

5. Folklore

Folklore (including folklore) is a discipline that studies the knowledge system of nature, society and life and its material products and related customs and habits that have been inherited by various countries and ethnic groups for a long time. It mainly describes and studies the daily life patterns of the people, involving material folk customs, social organization folk customs, spiritual folk customs, language folk customs, folk narratives and performances, and other inherited human cultural phenomena. Folklore includes three disciplines: historical folklore, theoretical folklore and applied folklore. Through the study of the history and contemporary practice of people's living traditions, we will consolidate the cultural memory of the whole people, enhance social integration, maintain the subjectivity of national culture, and promote cross-cultural exchanges.

6. Social Governance and Social Policy

Social governance is an emerging discipline that systematically studies the basic laws and general methods of social order and social stability mechanism. It uses legislative and administrative intervention as a means to achieve the purpose of coordinating social relations, standardizing social behavior, solving social problems, resolving social contradictions, promoting social justice, responding to social risks, maintaining social stability, promoting social development, improving people's livelihood and well-being, and improving people's quality of life by formulating social policies and innovating social governance systems and mechanisms. Social governance and social policy complement each other. Social policy promotes the realization of social governance goals through institutional allocation.

7. Social work

Social work follows the value concept of helping people to help themselves, focuses on guiding social services with professional knowledge and skills, and uses professional methods such as cases, groups, and communities to help individuals, families, groups, and communities with difficulties and needs realize their potential, enhance their self-help ability to meet their needs, and then promote social justice, social harmony, and social development, so that people can share the right to social development, and increase people's livelihood and well-being. Its research and professional application can be divided into micro social work involving individuals, meso social work involving families and other groups, and macro social work involving organizations and communities and even society as a whole.

8. Social Psychology and Social Cognition

Social psychology and social cognition is an interdisciplinary field of sociology and psychology that places the psychology and behavior of individuals and groups in social contexts. This field not only studies the process of people's social mentality, thoughts, feelings, values, attitudes and behaviors formed through actual or imaginary interaction with others in social situations, but also explores the process of how people form their understanding of others' psychological states, behavioral motivations, intentions and goals based on the information in social situations, and the impact of these cognitions on people's participation in social interactions and group behaviors. This subfield focuses on the theoretical perspective of sociology, integrates the relevant theories of psychology, discusses individual and group psychology and individual and group behavior as social phenomena and social processes, pays attention to the social and cultural basis of people's psychological phenomena and behaviors, and establishes a relatively independent theory and knowledge system. In terms of research methods, both social investigation and psychological experimental methods are used to conduct research. In recent years, this field has been further integrated with computational social science, artificial intelligence, brain science and other disciplines, opening up new topics and exploring new methods.

9. Gerontology

Gerontology is a science that studies the aging of individuals and groups, from the perspective of social, psychological, biological and other disciplines, studies the current situation, process and law of human individual aging and population aging, studies the essential relationship between human aging and the living environment, and how society and individuals actively adapt to the aging process. Gerontology theories under the social discipline include not only the theories of gerontology's own development, such as aging theory, aging theory, etc., but also the theories that originate from other disciplines but have been developed in gerontology, such as detachment theory, activity theory, geriatric subculture group theory, intergenerational relationship theory, age stratification theory, etc. Gerontology research involves micro, meso, and macro levels of social theory and empirical analysis, and comprehensively applies multidisciplinary theories and analytical methods such as sociology, economics, demography, management, and psychology according to the research questions. With the goal of helping to realize Chinese-style modernization, the development of gerontology in China is committed to applying basic research findings to practical intervention and policy formulation against the background of China's unique economic, social and demographic development process, and is committed to serving the national strategy of actively responding to population aging.

(4) Training objectives

1. Master's training objectives

Comprehensively implement the party's education policy, implement the fundamental task of establishing morality and cultivating people, cultivate socialist builders with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor, adhere to Marxism to educate people for the party and the country, and expand the sociological team. Cultivate sociological talents who are concerned about national development and social construction, master professional knowledge of sociology, and can use social investigation and professional analysis methods, so that they can have the ability to identify and analyze problems, so that they can cooperate with teams to engage in scientific research and policy research, and enable them to have the corresponding work ability in party and government organs, public institutions, social organizations and enterprise departments.

2. Doctoral training objectives

Comprehensively implement the party's education policy, implement the fundamental task of establishing morality and cultivating people, cultivate socialist builders with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor, adhere to Marxism to educate people for the party and the country, and expand the sociological team. Cultivate sociological talents who are concerned about national development and social construction, who have a comprehensive, systematic and complete grasp of sociological theories and methods, and who are proficient in the application of social investigation and professional analysis methods, so that they can have the ability to discover, analyze and solve problems, so that they can improve their academic quality of integrating theory with practice, enable them to independently engage in teaching and scientific research, and enable them to be competent for the corresponding work of party and government organs, public institutions, social organizations and enterprise departments.

(5) Related disciplines

Philosophy, Law, Political Science, Theoretical Economics, Applied Economics, Archaeology, Chinese History, World History, Education, Ethnology, Psychology, Journalism and Communication, Public Administration, Statistics, etc.

Basic requirements for a master's degree in sociology

(1) The basic knowledge that should be mastered to obtain a master's degree in this discipline

1. Basic knowledge that should be mastered

Master's students should be familiar with the basic theories of sociology, and be able to reasonably use sociological theories to analyze social phenomena and social problems, be proficient in the basic research methods of sociology and social investigation techniques, and master the basic theoretical knowledge of economics, political science, social statistics, history, psychology, management, artificial intelligence, big data and other related disciplines.

2. Professional knowledge that should be mastered

Master's students in this discipline should systematically master the professional knowledge of their discipline, have an in-depth understanding of the basic theories and professional knowledge related to their research direction, be able to grasp the cutting-edge trends and latest progress of their own research field, be proficient in using sociological research methods, and be able to independently engage in certain academic research around their own research direction.

3. Instrumental knowledge that should be mastered

Master's students should be proficient in the qualitative and quantitative research methods of sociology, be proficient in using at least one statistical software for intermediate statistical analysis, be familiar with the basic methods of literature retrieval and data inquiry, be proficient in at least one foreign language, and be proficient in reading and using foreign language data in their major.

(2) The basic qualities that should be possessed to obtain a master's degree in this discipline

1. Academic literacy

Master's students should love sociology and have a strong interest in sociological research, be good at using the basic theories and professional knowledge of sociology to analyze social phenomena and social problems, be good at grasping the cutting-edge trends and development trends of their own research fields from existing research results, and have good potential, innovative consciousness and critical spirit in sociological research. Master's students in this discipline should also have a high sense of social responsibility, pay attention to the major development strategies of the mainland and major practical issues in economic and social development, and serve the needs of the country and society with professional knowledge.

2. Academic ethics

Master's students of this discipline should abide by the law and discipline and do not do anything that violates national laws and disciplines; master's students of this discipline should be familiar with the intellectual property rights and research ethics related to the discipline, should fully respect the research results of others, and should indicate the source of the theoretical views, research methods, data models, research conclusions, etc. cited in the research results; should abide by academic ethics, and it is strictly forbidden to ignore, downplay, distort or even plagiarize the achievements of others in any way.

(3) The basic academic ability required to obtain a master's degree in the discipline

1. Ability to acquire knowledge

Master's students in this discipline must be good at acquiring basic knowledge and professional knowledge from course study, social practice, social investigation, scientific research, academic exchange and other activities, and be able to proficiently use various academic resource retrieval tools (including modern Internet search tools) to obtain the professional knowledge they need.

2. Scientific research ability

Master's students in this discipline should have the ability to independently engage in certain scientific research on the basis of mastering the basic theories and professional knowledge of the discipline. Specifically, they should be able to reasonably evaluate the literature of the research direction they are engaged in, be able to use the knowledge they have mastered to identify the level and application value of academic achievements in their own disciplines, be able to put forward valuable academic questions and establish research topics in their disciplines under the guidance of their supervisors, be able to skillfully use sociological research methods to design reasonable research plans, collect and analyze research data, and carry out scientific research, and be able to apply their research results to social practice and social reality in a targeted manner.

3. Practical ability

Master's students in this discipline should have strong social practice ability, be able to carry out social investigation independently, and be able to engage in certain social management and service work. At the same time, sociology master's students should be able to apply sociological theories to social reality, serve social reality, and provide policy suggestions and theoretical guidance for solving social reality problems.

4. Academic communication skills

Master's students in this discipline should have good academic expression skills and academic achievement presentation skills. The ability to express academic ideas requires students with good eloquence and written expression skills, and to express their academic views accurately and clearly. The ability to display academic achievements requires the Master of Sociology to have the ability to publish their academic achievements and academic papers in a timely manner on academic journals, academic websites, academic conferences, new media and other platforms.

5. Other capabilities

Whether in social investigation or research work, social communication skills are an important ability that a Master of Sociology must have. In social investigation, sociology master's students should have good social communication skills in order to gain the trust of the survey subjects, so as to obtain more objective, more authentic and richer research materials, and in research work, sociology master's students should also have good social communication skills, so as to systematically improve their academic skills by learning from the strengths of others.

(4) Basic requirements for master's degree thesis

For a certain theoretical or practical problem, apply the professional methods of sociology, show evidence support, describe the logical or factual characteristics of the theory, analyze the differences or relationships between phenomena, and reflect the effectiveness of professional training.

1. Normative requirements

The research questions are specific, the concepts used are accurate, the evidence used is reliable, the analysis methods are appropriate, the citation information is complete, and the paper is completed independently, and the word count reaches 30,000 (Chinese).

2. Quality requirements

Based on the support of specific evidence, the research question is clearly answered, and its conclusion has reference value for updating the understanding of relevant theoretical issues or solving practical problems.

Basic requirements for a doctorate in sociology

(1) The basic knowledge and structure that should be mastered to obtain a doctoral degree in the first-level discipline

Doctoral students in this discipline should understand the following basic theories, understand the following core concepts, have the following basic knowledge systems, and be able to apply them proficiently in research work.

1. Familiar with classical and modern and contemporary sociological theories

Understand the core concepts of social action and social structure, social relations and social order, social organization and social system, social culture and social psychology, population and environment, localization and globalization, social change and social development, social construction and social cohesion, social governance and social policy, master the basic procedures of theory construction and theoretical testing, and lay a solid foundation for using the relevant theories of this discipline to explain the social phenomena or social processes studied, develop social theories or construct new social theories.

2. Master the classics and modern and contemporary theories of the secondary discipline or related fields

Be familiar with the classic literature and cutting-edge literature in related fields, grasp the latest academic frontier development trends in this field, understand the limitations and problems of existing research results in related fields in the academic context, and put forward new questions with academic value on this basis.

3. Understand the social reality related to the research direction

The direct empirical knowledge obtained based on investigation, observation, experiment, etc., or the indirect empirical knowledge obtained based on literature, survey database, big data information, etc., provides a practical basis for acquiring the ability to shuttle between theory and empirical phenomena, and the analytical ability to explain or understand social reality.

4. Expand the ability of historical and cross-cultural research

On the basis of being familiar with relevant sociological theories and methods, students should also understand the context of Chinese history and culture, know the theoretical perspective of the "other", understand Chinese society and other societies in the world through cross-cultural comparative research, and form the ability to make academic innovations or solve major practical problems.

5. Master relevant social research methods

Understand the similarities and differences between various theoretical orientations and methodological paradigms in positivism, post-positivism, critical theory, constructivism, etc.;Master the quantitative research, qualitative research and mixed research design commonly used in sociology as a modern social science, master the data and data collection techniques of qualitative research, quantitative research and mixed research, master the analysis methods of qualitative research, quantitative research and mixed research;be able to adapt to the innovation and development of science and technology, and improve the use of big data, network ethnography, Emerging social research methods such as the metaverse. Proficient in cutting-edge sociological theories and research methods related to their research directions.

(2) The basic qualities that should be possessed for obtaining a doctoral degree in the first-level discipline

1. Academic literacy

The Department encourages students who advocate the spirit of science and pursue academic careers to pursue a doctorate degree in sociology. Doctoral students in this discipline should have a strong interest in the academic research of sociology, and be interested in academic research, applied research or promotion and application of sociology, have a sense of innovation, independent thinking ability and good academic development potential, have a certain ability to use sociological theories and methods to discover and analyze the practical problems faced by Chinese society and societies in different regions of the world, or have a certain ability to put forward policies or programs with academic basis to deal with practical problems.

Sociology doctoral students should abide by the intellectual property rights of others, strictly abide by research ethics, respect the privacy of research subjects, and shall not cause any physical or psychological harm to research subjects during research; have a high sense of social responsibility and social service awareness, and consciously use sociological knowledge to promote social and economic development and human civilization progress.

2. Academic ethics

Doctoral students in this discipline should abide by academic norms, abide by academic ethics, abide by discipline and law, respect the research results of others in sociological research, and accurately indicate the source when citing others' views, materials and conclusions, etc., and it is strictly forbidden to ignore, dilute, distort or even plagiarize the achievements of others in any way.

(3) The basic academic ability required to obtain a doctoral degree in the first-level discipline

1. Acquire knowledge and ability

Doctoral students in this discipline should actively acquire professional knowledge from course learning, research practice and other activities, be good at independent learning, grasp the cutting-edge trends of academic research in this field by actively reading classics and cutting-edge academic papers at home and abroad, and participate in academic exchange activities at home and abroad, actively understand and learn new methods and technologies in this field at home and abroad, and be able to apply rigorous and effective methods to their own research.

2. Academic discernment ability

For the selection of research topics, they should have a certain degree of judgment ability to judge the academic value and practical significance of existing research in the context of academic context and specific institutional background. For the research process, students should have the critical thinking ability to evaluate the logical rigor of theoretical reasoning, the effectiveness of the research design, the validity of the method of obtaining the data, the credibility of the data itself, and the appropriateness of the research method.

3. Scientific research ability

Ability to ask valuable research questions, which are of great significance to academic development and social progress as much as possible, to be inspired by classic literature or the latest achievements to raise new questions, or to raise new questions by questioning existing research debates, materials, methods, conclusions, etc., or to raise new questions in the academic context based on real-life feelings and observations, or to raise new questions in other ways. Have a certain ability to carry out research work independently, be able to critically read existing academic literature, accurately understand existing research and point out deficiencies, be able to design effective and feasible research plans and put them into practice, be able to use appropriate methods to analyze data and report research findings, and be able to accurately make research conclusions and write academic papers that have been published publicly. Have a certain ability to solve social problems, and the ability to propose policies or solutions to deal with practical problems based on academic basis based on their own research conclusions.

4. Academic innovation ability

Have a certain ability to carry out innovative thinking, carry out innovative research and achieve innovative results in the discipline or main direction, and be able to put forward new questions, new theoretical explanations, new research design schemes, new research methods, new analysis methods or draw new conclusions on the basis of existing research results.

5. Academic communication skills

Be able to accurately present one's own academic views in one's mother tongue or at least one foreign language in seminars and other academic exchange activities, respond to the comments and questions of reviewers, have clear levels and key points, be able to accurately understand the academic views of others and make targeted comments or raise questions; Ability to communicate with publishers or editorial boards.

6. Other Abilities

Have certain organizational and coordination skills and team spirit, and be able to play a team member or leadership role in research and research, teamwork, cooperative publication and other work.

(4) The basic requirements for doctoral dissertation

The dissertation must use independently collected data, use professional methods to systematically present evidence, verify its objective sources, processes, logics, mechanisms or reasons for an important theoretical proposition or practical problem, and strive to make innovative contributions to a certain aspect of perspective, concept, method or interpretation to supplement the sociological literature in the relevant field.

1. Topic selection and review requirements

Explain the background source and importance of the topic selection in connection with the major issues in the related field, explain the progress of existing research according to the specific research question of the paper, and explain the differential value, expected contribution and difficulty of your own research by evaluating its limitations or unsolved problems.

The topic selection must be dictated, and the implementation will be confirmed after being reviewed and approved by the proposal committee (up to two times).

2. Normative requirements

The research question of the dissertation is clear, the concepts used are accurate, the analysis methods are appropriate, the evidence is true, the inferences are rigorous, the structure is complete, the citation information is complete, the summary contribution and limitations are moderate, and the number of words reaches 80,000 (Chinese).

3. Achievement innovation requirements

The dissertation must clearly put forward a point of view and strive to enrich the sociological knowledge of the professional direction involved through perspective innovation, or conceptual innovation, or methodological innovation, or theoretical innovation.