"With tears in my eyes, praise for Harbin!"
This is what many people feel after visiting the "Unit 731 Evidence Exhibition Hall" in Harbin.
From the central street to the 731 ruins, the distance of nearly 30 kilometers, and the weather of minus 30 degrees did not stop the footsteps of tourists.
A big brother in the Northeast, for the convenience of tourists, even paid out of his own pocket to charter several love buses to transport tourists to and from the 731 site for free.
The crowd in line was solemn and orderly.
People who came out had tears in their eyes, or were silent or grieving.
This is the most special stop on the journey, and it is also deeply imprinted in the hearts of every Chinese.
This period of history should be remembered.
"Thursday, November 26, sunny.
According to the division of labor of poison gas, venom and electricity, the test was carried out on living people.
In the first group, the subjects were tested after 5 minutes of carbonyl chloride for severe pneumonia, and they were still alive until yesterday. After another injection of 15 mg of cyanic acid compound, he completely lost consciousness after 20 minutes.
The second group, the first person was tested with 20,000 volts of high-voltage current several times, and it was still alive. until it is killed by injection of venom. The second person was still alive after repeated tests of 5,000 volt high-voltage currents, and the last few minutes of current application took place before the person was burned to death. ”
This creepy text is from the record of Unit 731's live experiments.
Under the cover of war, under the guise of preventing diseases and purifying drinking water, this army is doing the tragic thing of experimenting on living people and studying bacteria and viruses to mutilate living beings.
On September 18, 1931, Japan launched a war of aggression against China.
Because of the lack of resources, logistics supply became the biggest concern of the Japanese army.
In order to achieve a quick solution, the concept of "bacteriological warfare" was proposed. This person is Shiro Ishii, the commander of Unit 731.
Shiro Ishii, graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Kyoto Imperial University, and served in the Japanese Army and the First Army Hospital in Tokyo.
In 1924, Shiro Ishii was promoted to the rank of military doctor, and he was very concerned about the information on bacteriological warfare around the world, not only conducting in-depth research on it, but also sparing no effort to advocate the power of bacteriological warfare.
"Japan, which lacks resources, can only rely on bacteriological warfare if it wants to win. If we don't prepare in advance, we will inevitably find ourselves in trouble. ”
This remark really attracted the attention of the Japanese government.
In 1931, the Army Medical College established an epidemic prevention research laboratory and appointed Shiro Ishii as its director.
As the war spread, the Kwantung Army began to carefully plan to establish a large-scale bacterial cultivation base in the northeast. It is hoped that through large-scale bacteriological warfare, they will realize their ambition of annexing China and dominating Asia.
Therefore, in August 1933, the Kwantung Army established a bacteriological research institute in the middle of Xuanhua Street and Wenmiao Street in Nangang District, Harbin City, and the bacteriological test site was located in Beiyin River, 70 kilometers away from this place.
Later, due to the increasing scale of the experiment, the institute moved to the Harbin Bungalow Base in June 1938.
In order to cover up the truth and achieve ulterior purposes, this institute has changed its name several times.
It was not until 1941 that it was officially named "Manchurian Unit 731".
In 1941, the strength of this unit was more than 3,000 people, and at its peak it was more than 4,500 people.
Because the experimental site was managed by a Japanese captain named Nakama, it was also called "Nakama City".
It is known as the research institute to the outside world, and it is actually an experimental area for living people.
The experimenters were arrested by the Japanese gendarmerie and the Japanese puppets from all over Northeast China and East China. Among those arrested were Chinese, Koreans, Mongols, and Soviets.
There were the Eighth Route Army, underground workers, anti-Japanese students, workers, teachers, and ordinary people.
After being secretly escorted to Zhongma City, their unified name was "Malutai".
Translated into Japanese, "maluta" means "wood", and to put it bluntly, it means treating people as "materials" for experiments.
All the "wood" that was sent here have all experienced inhumane treatment.
Unit 731 has carried out more than 40 kinds of human experiments, including bacterial infection tests, frostbite tests, poison gas tests, and anatomical tests.
There are 4-5 types of bacterial infection experiments alone, among which bacterial injection, oral irrigation, and subcutaneous implantation are the most common.
Typically, 15 subjects are divided into three groups, injected with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 grams of bacteria, and then the different responses of the participants at different doses are recorded.
In addition to bacteriological experiments, there are also appalling "human-horse blood exchange", "anatomical experiments" and so on.
The human-horse blood exchange test is an experiment in which the blood of the human and the horse is drained, and then the horse's blood is transfused into the human body, and the human blood is transfused into the horse's body. Transplantation, on the other hand, involves amputating the limbs of two people and then reconnecting them by swapping hands and feet.
Among them, the anatomical test was the most cruel.
In order to obtain the most accurate data, the subjects were dissected without anesthesia and with a clear mind, and while they were still conscious, they felt the great pain of internal organs being taken out one by one, which made people shudder to think about it.
Even when the heart is in the bottle, it is still beating.
In the frostbite experiment, the subject's hands are exposed to a low temperature of more than minus 20 degrees, and the hands are frozen into ice bars until the fingers are broken with a light tap.
Or soak your frozen hands in warm water until they hang down with wilting, and then jerk them so hard that the flesh falls off, and the elbows instantly turn into two pieces of white bones.
In the "Human Hydration" experiment, the subject was confined to a high-temperature, airtight room and steamed for 15 hours until the water was completely evaporated and the body became a dry mummy.
And this is just to conclude that the human body contains 78% water.
Unit 731 is full of crimes and atrocities, and it is really too many to write.
In order to test the performance of the weapon, the Japanese army also conducted a variety of field human live target tests.
For example, the subject is loaded into a tank for spraying, and the state of the subject during the combustion process is observed.
Or use different models of guns to fire poisonous bullets at the subject to test the penetration of the gun on the human body.
There is also a kind of gun penetration experiment, in which the Japanese military uses the Type 38 rifle, which shoots at three groups of human bodies wearing cold-proof clothing, ordinary military uniforms and naked bodies, and records the penetration performance of the human body under different clothing conditions.
To test the functionality of bacteriological weapons, they will be tied to wooden stakes in the field, spaced five meters apart and arranged in a circle.
Then, a bacteriological ceramic bomb is dropped from the air or detonated at close range, and the bomb is encased in bacteriobacteria such as anthrax, plague, cholera, melioidosis, dysentery, and paratyphoid.
Most of them were killed instantly, and some were infected with bacteria after being injured and would soon die from cure.
According to some data, more than 5,000 people died in live experiments during the 731 part of China.
In addition, Unit 731 also carried out a number of sensational bacteriological warfare through various bacteriological experiments.
In 1940, Unit 731 threw 50 kilograms of cholera bacteria and 5 kilograms of cholera fleas into Ningbo, causing more than 1,500 infections and deaths in a few months.
In 1941, plague bacteria were airdropped in Changde, causing a large-scale plague and more than 6,000 deaths.
In 1942, a large number of cholera bacteria were released into Yunnan, resulting in cholera epidemics of varying scales in 58 counties, killing more than 90,000 people in two months.
In August 1943, after heavy rain in the Luxi area, the Japanese army took advantage of the sharp rise in the river water level to launch the Luxi bacteriological warfare.
They scattered cholera bacteria into the Wei River valley and then dug up the dikes, causing heavy damage in 24 counties and killing more than 427,000 people.
Behind the series of shocking figures, there are heinous conspiracies and innocent and tragic deaths.
In 1945, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was coming to an end, and Japan's defeat was irreversible.
Unit 731 burned the base in order to destroy the incriminating evidence. At the time of the rout, these criminals, who had lost their conscience, also scattered the remaining bacteria and viruses on the land of China.
Between 1946 and 1954 alone, there were six outbreaks of plague in Harbin.
Before Shiro Ishii fled back to Japan, he issued a strict order to the troops: "Take the secret to the grave." ”
It is unbelievable that Unit 731, which committed many crimes, actually escaped in the Tokyo trial after World War II.
According to credible sources, secret deals were made between the United States and Japan during the Tokyo trial from 1946 to 1948.
Japan exchanged detailed data on Human Experiments, Bacteriological Experiments, and Bacteriological Warfare of Unit 731 in exchange for the United States exempting the prosecution of Japanese Unit 731 war criminals.
These materials include a large number of experimental reports, as well as more than 8,000 specimens and slides of live experiments and dissections.
Thus, the Japanese germ warfare war criminals were able to escape the Tokyo trial.
It is also reported that as early as April 1943, the U.S. Department of the Army set up a bacteriological research base called the "Detrick Experimental Field" at Fort Detrick, Maryland.
Beginning in September 1945, the base successively sent a number of bacteriological warfare experts to investigate the situation of Japanese bacteriological warfare, and also questioned more than 20 members of Unit 731, including Shiro Ishii.
The backbone of Japan's Unit 731 was later sent by the United States to Fort Detrick to participate in the research of germ warfare in the United States.
Some archives show that in the experimental report of the 731 unit conducting human experiments on melioidosis, anthrax, and plague bacteria, the words "Fort Detrick Base Biological Warfare Laboratory" are prominently visible.
It can be seen from this that Fort Detrick and the presence of Unit 371 have long had "close exchanges".
The main story of the movie "On the Cliff" is the story of "Utra" operation, which escorts Wang Ziyang, a survivor who escaped from the Japanese army's "killing factory", to the Soviet Union, so as to expose the story of Japan's war crimes to the world.
But Wang Ziyang is not a fiction, there are indeed people in history.
However, he did not go to the Soviet Union, and participated in the Anti-Japanese Federation, and finally died heroically.
And Wang Ziyang is one of the survivors who escaped from Unit 731 that year.
At that time, after Wang Ziyang and a group of ordinary people were arrested by the Japanese puppet military police on the street, they were first detained in Harbin Prison, tortured, and then "transported" to the Beiyinhe bacteriological unit.
Here, they were forced to poop once a day, have blood drawn once every three days, and draw a bowl of blood each time. Because of malnutrition, some people died after fifteen or six blood draws, and some even collapsed after eight or nine blood draws.
Wang Ziyang knew that if he wanted to survive, he had to escape from this demon cave, so he was always on the lookout for escape opportunities.
The day has finally come.
On September 30, 1934, it happened to be the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, taking advantage of the opportunity that the Japanese soldiers were drinking to celebrate and the Japanese guarding were slightly drunk, Wang Ziyang and several fellow refugees planned to attack the Japanese guards with wine bottles, got the key, and prepared to escape from prison.
But with the high walls and the dense power grid, there is no way to escape.
Fortunately, the prison suddenly lost power. Wang Ziyang hurriedly set up a ladder with his cellmates, opened the power grid, and crossed the wall.
But soon their actions alarmed the devils. They had barely escaped a hundred meters when Japanese gunfire rang out behind them.
More than 20 refugees died at the gunpoint of the Japanese, and 18 of them were captured, and three died on the way due to physical exhaustion.
Fortunately, at this time, Wang Ziyang and his entourage met Zhao Yiman, an anti-Japanese female general, and they were able to save their lives.
It is precisely because of this that the evil side of Unit 731 has also been presented to the people.
After that, Wang Ziyang and 12 other members who successfully escaped participated in the revolution under the care and training of Zhao Yiman, joined the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, and some also served as regiment commanders and division commanders.
Wang Ziyang later served as the adjutant of the Sixth Division of the Third Army of the Anti-Japanese Alliance, and the acting commander of the Sixth Division, and died in the battle with the Japanese army in 1937.
"Utra" means "dawn" in Russian, and Wang Ziyang successfully escaped, which was the dawn that belonged to him.
It is precisely because of thousands of Wang Ziyang that China won the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and finally ushered in its own "Utra".
After some netizens came out of the exhibition hall, they cried and laughed again.
Crying is for the compatriots who suffered in the war, laughing is to see so many people and young people come to the 731 site to remember history.
Her grandfather participated in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the War of Liberation, the Battle of Pingjin, and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
The restoration of history is because history cannot be forgotten, and let each of us cherish today's hard-won achievements.
The exit of the exhibition hall is an uphill road, and the confessions of war criminals on the walls on both sides are oppressive and heavy.
And after walking through the long exit, as soon as you look up, you can see the dawn. This is the dawn of rebirth, the dawn of inspiring people to forge ahead, and this is a bright road paved for us by our ancestors with their lives and blood.
As the narrator says:
Go forward and don't look back. There is light at the exit, fireworks in the world, and peace and security in the country.
Don't forget the time and road, there is national suffering, and there is national hatred and family hatred.
Cherish peace, do not forget the national shame, and our generation should be self-reliant.
——End——
The author of this article | Mr. Pumpkin
Editor-in-Charge | Faint emerald
Curated | Blue orange