Preface
Liu Chan must be familiar to everyone, he is Liu Bei's son, or a child who experienced life and death at a very young age, if it were not for Zhao Yun desperately to save Liu Chan, there would be no Liu Chan's deeds after that.
But I don't know if Zhao Yun touched his head when he rescued him, or if Liu Bei threw him to the ground in order to show his concern for Zhao Yun and hit his head, in short, his mind has not been very good in history.
During Liu Bei's lifetime, they were able to maintain the status of the Three Kingdoms with the other two countries, but after Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan succeeded to the throne and surrendered to Wei during Liu Chan's reign, a move that further established his stupid character.
As one of the three major powers, why did Liu Chan surrender so simply? What was the reason for the collapse of Shu?
1. A troubled childhood
Liu Chan was the son of Liu Bei, and a man who had experienced many lives and deaths as a baby, and the closest to death was undoubtedly that they were trapped by Cao Cao's Wei army in the Battle of Changbanpo, and almost died there.
But fortunately, there was Zhao Yun, he tied Liu Chan to his body, took one of Liu Bei's wives, experienced a desperate fight, and successfully killed more than fifty Wei troops, and finally escaped from the encirclement of the Wei army.
After catching up with the lord Liu Bei, he handed over Liu Bei's wife and Liu Chan to Liu Bei, and Zhao Yun's bravery also made Liu Bei appreciate him very much.
Looking at the rescued Liu Chan and the injured Zhao Yun, Liu Bei was both angry and distressed in his heart, compared to a baby who had just been born for a short time, a loyal and very brave general on the battlefield, he would definitely choose the latter.
So he wanted to fall to death this Liu Chan, who almost dragged his feet, but then he was stopped by Zhao Yun, this is also the second life and death that Liu Chan has experienced, or almost died in the hands of his father.
After growing up and becoming an adult, Liu Bei also valued Liu Chan very much, and even Liu Chan's name was obtained by Liu Bei with great hope.
However, the evaluation of Liu Chan in history is stupid, but Liu Chan also has advantages, that is, obedience, he listens to what Zhuge Liang tells him.
But his shortcomings are also obvious, that is, he listens to anyone's words, especially after Zhuge Liang's death, he listens to the slander of traitorous ministers, enjoys all day long, and is finally beaten to the door by Deng Ai, the general of Wei, and he surrenders to Wei.
Second, it's all because of him
Shu is at least a big country in the Three Kingdoms era, although it is not as good as Wei and Wu, but it is not easy for the other two countries to destroy Shu, but why did Liu Chan surrender in the end? There are many reasons why it is popular on the Internet, and some even say that it is related to Guan Yu's loss of Jingzhou.
Then I want to say that Shu Han died and returned to Zhuge Liang, which has nothing to do with Guan Yu, Guan Yu is in Jingzhou, and Xichuan is 108,000 miles!
The death of Shu Han was due to Zhuge Liang's successive years of reckless military force, almost every year of the Northern Expedition, and he also lost troops and lost an inch of land, and lost money and labor! In the end, the last bit of national strength of Shu Han was hollowed out.
Zhuge Liang's dictatorship, the Manchu Dynasty was afraid of Zhuge Liang's power and did not dare to tell the truth, no one dared to oppose the Northern Expedition, even the later lord Liu Chan dissuaded Zhuge Liang from taking a break to raise the army, Zhuge Liang moved the first emperor out to press Liu Chan with a handful of snot and tears, and Liu Chan did not dare to speak up and let him go.
Successive years of troops, Shu Han's national strength deficit is serious, every time the Northern Expedition fails is the grain and grass is exhausted, the Eastern Wu envoy visited Shu Han and came back, Sun Quan also asked Shu Han what the scene was, the envoy replied: "Lu Qiye, the people have vegetables, enter its dynasty, do not listen to the advice!" Sun Quan sighed.
Don't always believe in romance novels, later generations described Zhuge Liang as a god, in fact, Zhuge Liang was in vain to mislead the country and the people, with the national strength of Shu Han at that time, it was still reluctant to hold on, not to mention the Northern Expedition!
Zhuge Liang insisted on using troops for many years, and finally completely hollowed out the only remaining national strength of Shu Han, and it was difficult to even defend in the later period.
Deng Ai took the small road into Shu, along the way the states and counties looked at the wind and surrendered, none of them resisted, Deng Ai's army almost bloodless to the city of Chengdu, Shu Han had no soldiers and no generals to be sent to resist.
In the end, there was really no recruitment, so Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan and grandson Zhuge Shang were invited to lead the troops to fight, and the soldiers were all old, weak, sick and disabled, because the last bit of strong soldiers and horses were taken away by Jiang Wei to defend the Sword Pavilion.
Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Shang were defeated and their father and son were killed, and after the destruction of Shu, Wei obtained the household registration book of Shu Han, the national population of Shu Han was only 940,000, with 100,000 armor and 40,000 officials.
I can't eat hot tofu in a hurry, Zhuge Liang is too anxious, and he is anxious to help the Han family in the Northern Expedition, and the weak side has been using troops for many years, and the loss of troops will accelerate the demise of Shu Han!
In terms of employing people, in the later period of the Shu Han Dynasty, with the gradual withering of the early batch of generals who followed Liu Bei, the five tiger generals died, and the Shu Han Dynasty had a talent crisis.
The few remaining outstanding talents in the late Shu Han Dynasty, one Ma Yan and one Wei Yan were all cut down by Zhuge Liang, and they did not die at the hands of the enemy, but died under their own swords.
Ma Yan and Wei Yan were both pillars of talent at that time, especially Wei Yan, who could be said to be the first fierce general in the late Three Kingdoms period, and the enemy was afraid of it, but Zhuge Liang said that people had a backbone to kill.
Ma Jian is Ma Liang's younger brother is also very talented, when he was in Jingzhou, he followed Liu Bei with his brother, loyal, but he lacked practical experience in staff work for a long time, and he was defeated on the battlefield for the first time, Zhuge Liang cut people down and didn't even give him a chance, and he was only in his thirties when he died.
If Liu Bei was still alive, Zhuge Liang would never be allowed to do that, Huarong Dao was going to kill Guan Yu who let Cao Cao go, but he was stopped by Liu Bei alive, and Wei Yan, who was going to kill him, said that he had a backbone in the back of his head, and Liu Bei did not agree.
Then he instigated Liu Bei to kill his son Liu Feng, because Guan Yu was killed, and Liu Bei, who was angry, did not stop him this time, and after the killing, Liu Bei regretted that he couldn't bear to kill the loyal and righteous people. After Liu Bei died, no one stopped Zhuge Liang now, and the pillars of Shu Han were almost killed.
When Liu Bei died, he actually gave it to two people, one was Zhuge Liang and the other was Li Yan, Li Yan was on an equal footing with Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang found fault and said that Li Yan's purchase of grain and grass was not good and he was dismissed and demoted to a commoner and exiled to Jiangzhou.
Zhuge Liang can completely monopolize power now, but in the years when he governed Shu Han, the national strength of Shu was in a state of loss every year, and the army was defeated again and again in successive years.
3. True and false
Zhuge Liang is just beautified by romance novels and is about to become a god, novels are like this, distorting facts and turning black and white upside down, it depends on who the author likes, the heroic and the great, the great military strategist and the great writer Cao Cao was written as a white-faced adulterer.
Cao Cao and his three sons were one of the seven sons of Jian'an, and they were great military strategists who wrote the art of war of Wei Wu, and personally led the army every time they went out to destroy Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu, behead Lu Bu, and go deep into the north of the desert to take Karasuma to unify the north.
In governing the country, it was the first to pacify the displaced people to solve the food problem, and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, Cao Cao was the real hero, but he was scolded for a thousand years, Zhuge Liang was incompetent, but he was praised for a thousand years, where to reason.
Liu Bei can still restrain Zhuge Liang when he is alive, Zhuge Liang gives advice Liu Bei gives orders, Liu Bei will use people to know people, that is, to read less and strategically almost meaningful, they complement each other's strengths and weaknesses, Shu Han can still reach the peak, as soon as Liu Bei dies, Zhuge Liang's shortcomings will be immediately visible.
Liu Bei attached great importance to Wei Yan, and seized Hanzhong, a strategic place at the gateway of Shu and Han, Hanzhong was in Xichuan, Hanzhong died in Xichuan, and he appointed Wei Yan, who had the least seniority, to be the Taishou of Hanzhong.
Everyone thought it was for Zhang Fei, and in order to establish Wei Yan's prestige, they also held a special meeting and asked Wei Yan what good strategy he had to defend Hanzhong, Wei Yan said: "The king of Wei sent a partial general to lead 100,000 people to come to replace the king and go to Tunzhi, and the prince of Wei led the people of the world to come to reject the king for him!"
Liu Bei clapped his hands and laughed, everyone was convinced, as soon as Liu Bei died, Wei Yan was suppressed by Zhuge Liang everywhere and sulked! In the first Northern Expedition, Wei Yan proposed to give him 5,000 elite soldiers to attack Chang'an from the Meridian Valley, but Zhuge Liang did not agree.
If Wei Yan's strategy had been adopted, the Northern Expedition of Chang'an would have been successful long ago, and every time he went on the Northern Expedition in the future, Wei Yan would never say anything again, he lived aggrieved enough, and the real Zhuge Liang in history was simply exaggerated.
epilogue
Zhuge Liang changed history or accelerated the wheel of history, the Three Kingdoms have been formed, the pattern has been decided, the Northern Expedition is to accelerate the extinction, the north is strong and the south is weak, as long as Wu slowly develops, the Three Kingdoms can last at least four or five hundred years or even longer.