Surveys show that more than 90% of diabetic patients in mainland China belong to type 2 diabetes. The comorbidity of type 2 diabetes and hypertension is about 50%.
Diabetes combined with hypertension will significantly increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney disease and retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes
Cardiovascular complications account for about 20-80% of deaths.
For this reason, hypertension is known as a "risk partner" for diabetes. There are several reasons for this:
01
Obesity predisposes diabetics to high blood pressure. According to statistics, the rate of obesity is 13.81%, and 50% of obese people suffer from hypertension.
02
Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance can lead to hypertensive disorders in patients with diabetes.
03
Dyslipidemia can cause hypertensive disorders in people with diabetes.
04
Environmental factors can cause diabetes and hypertension to co-occur. Less and less physical work, a gradual increase in mental work, coupled with an increase in high-calorie, high-fat foods, has led to an increasing number of obese people.
These are all important reasons for the formation of insulin resistance, and they are also important factors in the simultaneous increase of hypertension and diabetes in today's society.
05
People with diabetic nephropathy are more likely to develop high blood pressure. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. Diabetic patients with long-term proteinuria will have a mortality rate of 37-80 times that of normal people.
In the treatment of diabetes, lowering blood pressure is more important than lowering blood sugar
Results from the UK prospective diabetes study showed that tight control of blood pressure was associated with a 24% reduction in any diabetes-related endpoint events (i.e., complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, etc.) and a 32% reduction in diabetes-related mortality. Among them, the incidence of stroke decreased by 44%, and the incidence of microangiopathy decreased by 37%.
Tight control of blood glucose resulted in only a 12% reduction in any diabetes-related endpoint events, a 25% reduction in microangiopathy, and a 16% reduction in myocardial infarction. Diabetic patients should control their blood pressure lower than those with high blood pressure, i.e. their blood pressure must be controlled at the currently internationally recognized level of 130/80 mm Hg.
The greatest threat to patients with type 2 diabetes is not the microvascular lesions directly related to hyperglycemia (such as diabetic nephropathy), but the macrovascular lesions, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and peripheral arterial occlusive lesions. Clinical findings show that more than 80% of deaths from diabetes are due to cardiovascular disease. People with diabetes get twice as much benefit from lowering blood pressure as lowering blood sugar.
Principles of treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension
Patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension must be treated intensively, and comprehensive prevention and treatment measures such as hypoglycemia, blood pressure, lipid regulation, weight loss, fiber reduction, viscosity reduction, and insulin resistance should be taken.
In addition to medication, diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and self-monitoring (especially blood pressure and blood sugar) are also important and indispensable. Only early intervention, comprehensive intervention, and thorough intervention can achieve the goal of improving long-term prognosis and protecting the function of target organs.
The following points should be achieved in the adjustment of dietary structure
First, limit sodium salt, 3~5 g/day.
Do not eat or eat less processed foods such as bacon meat, ham, pickles, bean curd, etc. However, potassium supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in elevated blood pressure, while weight loss was observed.
Therefore, it is advisable to eat more potassium-containing vegetables (spinach, amaranth, coriander, rape, kale, celery, etc.) and nuts.
Second, a high-fiber diet can promote a decrease in blood pressure and blood sugar.
It is recommended to eat green leafy vegetables, carrots, onions, tomatoes, cabbage, yams, pumpkin, bamboo shoots, celery, mushrooms, fungus, and shiitake mushrooms.
Third, supplement with high-quality protein.
Eat fish rich in high-quality protein (such as herring, bream, black fish and other river fish), egg white, skim or low-fat milk, etc.
Fourth, oils and fats should be mainly sunflower oil, olive oil, camellia oil, corn oil, sesame oil, etc., which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and cellulose.
Fifth, eat more calcium-containing foods appropriately.
The lower the calcium intake, the higher the blood pressure. It is recommended that sugar friends eat more calcium-containing foods, such as milk, soy products, kelp, etc.
The above is the relevant knowledge of high blood sugar combined with hypertension introduced to you, I hope that sugar friends will master more disease knowledge and better guide their lives, and I hope everyone's blood sugar will become more and more stable!
The content of this article is only for health science popularization. For specific treatment, please consult a doctor at a regular hospital
Source: Diabetic Home Care