"Dyslipidemia" is a booster of arteriosclerosis and increases the risk of cardiovascular events, such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. What are the signs that we may have abnormal blood lipids?
Nodules, plaques or rashes appear on the body
First of all, you should have regular physical examinations and pay attention to the two indicators of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the physical examination report.
Yellow, orange or brownish-red nodules, plaques or rashes appear on certain parts of the body, medically known as "xanthomas."
These nodules or rashes may appear on the heels, backs of the hands, buttocks, elbows, knees, knuckles, etc., and may appear as yellow or orange stripes on the palms.
If the above manifestations appear, it usually indicates that there is a familial hereditary hyperlipidemia, which is often more serious and should be taken seriously.
Hyperlipidemia is a disease that is not easy to detect, usually everyone can only find it during the physical examination, because it has almost no symptoms in the early stage, and hyperlipidemia itself will not make you have any symptoms, it produces symptoms because it has damaged your organs, and the corresponding symptoms of each organ.
Note: Patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or obese people may also have dyslipidemia, and lipid studies should be routinely performed.
Both eyes reflect dyslipidemia
1. Sudden blurred vision;
2. Opaque white ring around the cornea;
3. Orange patches appear on the eyelids.
In daily life, we should also pay attention to our eyes, because our eyes can reflect dyslipidemia.
"Excessive" lipids can be deposited in various tissue sites, forming yellow or orange patches that rise above the skin, have irregular borders, and are inconsistent in size, and are more common in the eyelids or tendons, which are important and easily recognizable for clinical diagnosis.
In general, blurred vision, opaque white rings around the cornea, or orange patches on the eyelids may indicate dyslipidemia and it is recommended to go to the hospital for examination.
There are usually four blood lipids in the hospital, and they all have an optimal range
1. Triglycerides
Triglycerides are best below 1.7 mmol/L.
2. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
LDL-C is deposited on arterial blood vessels to form atheromatosis, which is a "bad cholesterol" that is bad for cardiovascular disease.
Different types of patients need different treatment goals:
For very high-risk groups, LDL-C is controlled below 1.8 mmol/L;
For high-risk groups, LDL-C is controlled below 2.6 mmol/L;
For low- and medium-risk groups, LDL-C is controlled below 3.4 mmol/L.
Risk classification should be done in consultation with a cardiologist.
3. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
HDL-C, also known as "good" cholesterol, can promote the transport and clearance of cholesterol produced in the body, and protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. HDL-C is in the range of 1.16~1.42 mmol/L for men and 1.29~1.55 mmol/L for women, and the higher the "good" cholesterol, the better.
4. Total cholesterol
The normal range is 3.6~5.2 mmol/L, if the content is 5.2~6.2 mmol/L, it indicates a moderate risk of disease, and more than 6.2 mmol/L is a high risk.
If any of the total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol are found to be elevated, it is dyslipidemia and should be seen promptly.
Dyslipidemia should be avoided according to the indicators
1. High total cholesterol or "bad" cholesterol
Limit the cholesterol content in food, preferably below 300 mg per day, and preferably eat less or no animal offal and brain, caviar, shrimp paste, and scaleless fish such as crab and squid.
2. "Good" cholesterol is low
Appropriately supplement foods rich in omega-3, such as deep-sea fish, and increase foods rich in soluble fiber, mainly fruits and vegetables.
Reduce the intake of saturated fats, such as animal fats and palm oils.
It is best not to eat trans fats in daily life, where the ingredient list of food labels labels "edible vegetable oil", "refined vegetable oil", "vegetable oil", "hydrogenated vegetable oil", "shortening" and "margarine" are basically trans fats, which may exist in biscuits, shortbreads, instant noodles, burgers, moon cakes, fries, egg yolk pies and other foods.
3. High triglycerides
Strictly control the total intake of fat, including cooking oil, it is best not to exceed 50 grams per day, vegetable oil is preferred, olive oil, rapeseed oil, do not eat visible fatty meat or animal fat, cream.
Try to avoid or eat less sweets to avoid excessive sugar intake and convert it into triglycerides in the body.
Five kinds of nutrition to help control blood lipids
1. Dietary fiber
Moderate intake of dietary fiber is conducive to satiety, which can not only combine with bile acid and bile salts in the intestines, but also stimulate the peristalsis of the large intestine and reduce blood lipids. The main sources of dietary fiber include fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, nuts, legumes, etc.
2. Carotenoids
Carotenoids prevent the oxidation of "bad" cholesterol, protect blood vessels, and avoid the development of plaques and vascular lesions. Yellow, green, and red fruits and vegetables are all excellent sources of carotenoids, such as papaya, mango, tomatoes, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, carrots, etc.
3. Vitamin C
Vitamin C can increase the level of "good" cholesterol, promote cholesterol metabolism, and can inhibit the activity of cholesterol synthase, reduce the rate of cholesterol synthesis, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling blood lipids. Fresh fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin C, such as kiwifruit, fresh dates, green peppers, green leafy vegetables, etc.
4. Potassium
Moderate intake of potassium is beneficial for regulating heartbeat, lowering blood pressure, reducing lipid attachment, and preventing damage and hardening of blood vessels. Peanuts, fungus, soybeans, mushrooms, tomatoes, peas, etc. are all good sources of potassium in the diet.
5. Plant sterols
A daily intake of two or three grams of plant sterols can reduce plasma cholesterol levels by about 10%. Foods with a high content of plant sterols are legumes, nuts, etc.
Tips:
If you want to stay away from hyperlipidemia, you need to strictly control your diet, eat less foods with high cholesterol, high fat and high sugar, avoid sitting and supper, have regular physical examinations, keep your mouth shut, open your legs, and have a healthy lifestyle to stay away from high blood lipids.