The Tibetan Plateau is a "natural barrier". Due to its special geographical location and topographical conditions, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has become an important barrier to national security and an important area for maintaining the ecological security of China and even South Asia and Southeast Asia. However, for a long time, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially Tibet, lacked efficient, convenient and large-volume transportation links with the hinterland, and this situation was effectively alleviated after the completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in July 2006. However, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway needs to detour to the northwest, far away from the economically developed regions such as Chengdu-Chongqing, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Greater Bay Area, which is a long distance and a long time, which affects the traffic efficiency. Therefore, the state has also planned major railway arteries such as New Tibet, Sichuan-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet, and the "Qinghai-Tibet Second Corridor" to form a pattern of "five routes into Tibet" and strengthen the connection between the interior and Tibet. Recently, this "heavenly road" into Tibet has ushered in new progress, passing through the Indian Ocean and then facing strong support.
The picture comes from the Internet
This is the Yunnan-Tibet Railway (Bomi to Ranwu section). This section of the railway has been included in the national "14th Five-Year Plan" railway development plan, the line is located in Nyingchi and Qamdo, from the proposed Bomi station, eastward through Songzong Town, Yupu Township, Bomi County, and the end point in Ranwu Town, Basu County (reserved for further eastward extension conditions), with a total length of about 138 kilometers (nearly 135 kilometers of the new main line), with a total of 8 stations and 2 lines. According to the relevant information publicity on the website of the Changdu Municipal Government, the construction of the railway is difficult, including 16 bridges (about 18.2 kilometers) and 12 tunnels (about 94.4 kilometers), and the bridge-tunnel ratio is as high as 83.74%.
At present, the preliminary work of the Bomi-Ranwu railway is progressing in an orderly manner. In August 2022, China Railway Group launched a bidding for the survey and design project of the railway, in February 2023, the Qamdo Municipal Government issued the first information announcement for public participation in the environmental impact assessment of the railway, and in the same month, the railway was shortlisted for the "14th Five-Year Plan of the Tibet Autonomous Region and the Medium and Long-term Railway Network Plan", and planned to start construction during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and in April 2023, the archaeological survey of cultural relics and cultural relics of supporting projects was carried out in the areas along the line. Recently, according to the relevant report of "Tibet Daily": "The feasibility study report of the Bomi to Ranwu section of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway has been submitted to the National Railway Group for approval". In other words, the preliminary work of this section of the railway was carried out in an orderly manner, and the progress was relatively smooth, and it was one step closer to the start of construction!
We are no strangers to the Yunnan-Tibet Railway. The railway is the third railway into Tibet in the mainland, connecting Kunming, Yunnan Province and Lhasa, Tibet, and is built by building a new line and merging the old line, and operates in stages. At present, the section from Kunming to Shangri-La in Yunnan and the section from Lhasa to Nyingchi in Tibet have been put into operation. The sections that have been opened in Yunnan are divided into Kunchu Railway, Dali Railway and Lixiang Railway, and the "Hulk" EMU has been opened on the whole line. In September 2009, the Dahlia Railway (140 km/h), with a total length of about 164 km, was put into operation in July 2018, the Kunchu Railway (200 km/h), with a total length of about 328 km, and in November 2023, the Lixiang Railway (140 km/h), with a total length of about 139 km, was put into operation. In Tibet, the Lalin Railway (an important part of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, 160km/h) with a total length of about 403 kilometers was put into operation in June 2021, making it the first electrified railway in Tibet and the highest in the world.
At present, only the Nyingchi-Shangri-La section of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway has not started construction. According to the original plan, the section of the Yunnan-Tibet connection takes the Shangri-Bangda route, that is, from Deqin into Tibet, through Mangkangxi County to the north along the Yuqu upward, through Zuogong County to the north to Bangda Town, access to the proposed construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, a total length of about 415 kilometers, to be built in accordance with the standard of Class I single-line, electric traction, with a total investment of about 43.6 billion yuan (about 265 kilometers in Tibet, a total investment of about 27.8 billion yuan), as early as 2016 completed the feasibility study report to solicit opinions, and strive to start construction in the "14th Five-Year Plan". In the "National Medium and Long-term Railway Network" plan announced in 2016, the "Shangri-La ~ Bangda Section of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway" has also become an important railway line to "improve the passage in and out of Tibet and Xinjiang".
According to the latest released information, the Yunnan-Tibet Railway will be connected to the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in Bomi, not in Bangda Town, according to the "Bomi - Ranwu - Shangri-La" route, a total length of about 548 kilometers, according to the relevant railway planning in Tibet, will strive to start construction during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. It is also normal for the Yunnan-Tibet Railway to connect to the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in Bomi, after all, Bomi is a key hub connecting the border town - Medog County, and the intersection of the two railways in Bomi will help strengthen the hinterland of the rear of Medog County, and have an unspoken role in national defense and security, border development, etc.
The construction of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is extremely difficult, but its importance is self-evident. The Yunnan-Tibet Railway has complex geology and fragile ecology, which needs to cross alpine valleys and plateau alpine areas, with large altitude differences, and needs to face complex geological conditions such as debris flows, soft soils, frozen soils, faults, and karsts. According to incomplete statistics, 419 tunnels (about 492 kilometers in length, including 11 tunnels with a length of more than 6 kilometers) and about 392 bridges (27 extra-large bridges and 48 high bridges) need to be built along the line!
Lixiang Railway Jinsha River Bridge
No matter how difficult it is, it is necessary to speed up the construction of a railway passage into Tibet. The railway passage into Tibet should not only be considered from the perspective of economic benefits, but also from the overall situation of geopolitical pattern, national defense security, the construction of a modern nation-state, and regional economic and social development, and maintain social stability and ethnic unity in border areas and ethnic areas through railway construction, so as to lay the foundation for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation and promoting the development of resources along the line, and consolidate national defense and security.
First, the railways into Tibet are mainly funded by the central government, and the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is no exception. According to the relevant approvals, the total investment of the Lalin Railway, which has been completed and opened to traffic, is about 36.6 billion yuan (35.98 billion yuan in engineering investment), and the project adopts full capital, mainly from the central budget investment (15.686 billion yuan), vehicle purchase tax (11.764 billion yuan), and the railway construction fund of the National Railway Group (9.15 billion yuan). h) The total length is about 1,011 kilometers, the total investment is about 319.8 billion yuan, all funded by the state, and a dynamic price adjustment mechanism is established according to the actual situation! The Bomi-Ran-U railway is also planned to be 100% funded by the central government. This is also normal, after all, the railway into Tibet is a national strategic passage, and it needs to be considered more from the perspective of geopolitics and national defense and security.
Larin Railway
Second, it will help form a passage to the sea on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and promote the development of the regions along the route. Railways have a strong spatio-temporal compression effect, which can effectively integrate the advantageous resources along the line, strengthen the radiation and driving role of the central region, and promote the leapfrog development of the economic "sub-region." Once the Yunnan-Tibet Railway is opened up, it will not only help to form a diversified railway channel into Tibet and diversify risks, but also help Tibet form the most convenient passage to the sea, and open up the southwest channel out of Tibet, that is, along the Yunnan-Tibet Railway - Yunnan-Guizhou Railway - Guangxi Coastal Railway, directly to the Beibu Gulf, and can also transfer to the Nanguang high-speed railway in Guangxi, etc., directly to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and can also transfer the planned China-Myanmar Railway in Dali to the Indian Ocean! At that time, the railway travel time between Lhasa and Guangzhou will be reduced from the current 35 hours to 19 hours, and in the future, with the opening of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, Tibet will further strengthen its ties with China's economically developed regions such as the Chengdu-Chongqing region, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the Yangtze River Delta, and will have closer ties with the strategic rear.
In addition, the area along the route is located deep in the mountains, which is an economically underdeveloped area, and is also an area rich in mineral resources and tourism resources, and most of the residents are Bai, Tibetan, Naxi, Yi, Lisu and other ethnic minorities. After the completion and opening of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway, it will help the areas along the line to transform their geographical and resource advantages into development advantages, promote the economic and social development of the areas inhabited by ethnic minorities along the line, and promote the common prosperity and exchanges and exchanges of all ethnic groups along the line. This is of great significance to the construction of a modern nation-state and the strengthening of the sense of community of the Chinese nation. You must know that on the second anniversary of the opening of the Lalin Railway, a total of 1.825 million passengers and 419,100 tons of goods were transported, which effectively promoted the high-quality development of the snowy plateau.
Third, the Indian Ocean and the South Asian subcontinent have ushered in strong support. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the "top of the world", and due to its special geographical location and topographical conditions, it has become a natural barrier for national defense and security, as well as an important ecological security barrier for China and the Indochina Peninsula, which has an important impact on the geopolitical and economic pattern. For a long time, the passage into Tibet was mainly maintained by highways, but the geological conditions along the highways were complex, the climatic conditions were harsh, and it was necessary to pass through mountains and rivers or uninhabited areas, and the transportation time was long, the transportation volume was limited, and even the traffic was interrupted, which was not conducive to the connection between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the strategic rear.
Therefore, under the condition that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has already been built, the mainland has laid out the new Tibet Railway, the "Qinghai-Tibet Second Channel", the Yunnan-Tibet Railway, the Sichuan-Tibet Artery, and other railway arteries. At present, the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway has started on all lines, and it is expected to be opened in 2030, and most sections of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway have also been put into operation (about 548 kilometers from Bomi to Shangri-La have not yet started construction). Once the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and the Yunnan-Tibet Railway facing the major economically developed regions (Chengdu-Chongqing region, the Greater Bay Area, and the Yangtze River Delta) are completed and opened to traffic, the time and space distance between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the strategic rear will be greatly reduced, and strong support will be provided for the Indian Ocean and the South Asian subcontinent in the future to maintain national defense security.
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