Everyone has many faces, at different times for different people, the performance is very different, in the court he may be a good official who is loyal to his duties, but in private he may be a violent and hurtful husband, a rebel who does not recognize his six relatives, this is the complexity of human nature, today we will take stock of those characters in history who have a thousand years of merit but have very poor private morality, see how many you know?
1. Fan Ye
Everyone knows the "first four histories", "Historical Records", "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", among which the author of "Book of the Later Han" is the famous Fan Ye, his "Book of the Later Han" is highly respected by the historical circles and even the literary circles, and is known as "The history is like a fan, how many people can there be through the ages?"
Fan Ye is quite talented and can be called "talented", but this is his only positive label!
The last three labels are: "greedy for money and lustful", "disloyal and unfilial", and "afraid of death"!
Greed for money and lust can also be understood as the true character of a talented man, but unfilial piety is a big mistake in life. When his mother-in-law died, Fan Dacai not only failed to go to the funeral in time, but finally set off with the purchased concubine.
Even if he has no affection for his mother-in-law, if he disdains and behaves, his attitude towards his biological mother will be outrageous! He lives in a luxurious court all day long, and even his concubines live a life of fine clothes and fine food, while his mother lives in a humble house and has no quilt in winter! When his mother died, he was not sad, and even sang at the funeral, and even Liu Yikang, the king of Pengcheng, who was also of poor character, couldn't stand it anymore and repaired him fiercely--demoted the official.
Fan Ye also gritted his teeth because of his hatred for Liu Yikang, but later faced the other party's money and beauty, he couldn't restrain his greedy and lustful nature, and successfully "betrayed", pulling the entire Shunyang Fan family to the abyss of rebellion.
At that time, Fan Ye was in control of the forbidden army, and Liu Yikang had been in power for a long time, quite authoritarian, it should be said that the possibility of success was not small, but on the day of the incident, although the guards of Emperor Wen who were rebelled repeatedly hinted at taking action, Fan Ye was instigated, and a coup d'état was aborted.
Two months later, the accomplice Xu Zhanzhi denounced, and Fan Ye and others were imprisoned. Next, his wonderful performance made it "breathtaking"!
Fan Ye, who was imprisoned, first turned into a self-saving vicious dog and began to bite indiscriminately. He told Emperor Wen that the entire rebellion was planned by Kong Xi first, and that he was framed! But when Kong took out the rebellion deployment written by him (he was a dog-headed military advisor), he was speechless.
Later, the whole case dragged on for some reason, and the deflated Fan Ye thought that he could be spared from death, and immediately begged for permission everywhere as if he had been beaten with chicken blood, for which he also wrote to Emperor Wen, showing the demeanor of a great writer, he gave Emperor Wen a fan, with his own inscription: "Go to the Zhaozhao of the day, attack the long night", hoping that Emperor Wen could save his life because of pity, but Emperor Wen was indifferent at all.
On the execution ground, Fan Ye's curtain call was the most "exciting". First of all, when he saw that he was the first to be killed, he actually asked: "Is the order of punishment also according to the size of the official position?" (King Pengcheng does not need to go to the execution ground because he is a royal family, and the others are the largest among his officials)", which provoked his nephew Xie Zong to scold: "You are the head of the thief! Of course first!"
After that, waiting for the execution, he cried bitterly again, and Xiaokong Xiaoxie couldn't help but spray him: "In the past, I pointed out the country, and I thought I was a hero, why are I so afraid of death?!"
Later, when his son Fan Ai, who was implicated and beheaded, was brought up, because he spat on him, he actually picked up the shelf again: "I am your father!
Finally, use the words of Fan Ye's wife as a summary of his life: "You are not a hundred-year-old family, you don't feel the grace of the Son of Heaven, and your death is not enough to sin the crime, so why kill your children and grandchildren in vain!"
Second, Wu Qi
As a military theorist, he is as famous as Sun Wu, and is the author of the classic "Wu Zi" on the art of war.
As a reformer, on a par with Shang Ying, Wu Qi changed the law and made the Chu State rise rapidly and became one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period.
Wu Qi lived in the three kingdoms of Shilu, Wei, and Chu, and was a general, with extraordinary military talent and political wisdom, which had a profound impact on later generations. In Lu, he led the weak Lu to defeat the strong Qi; in Wei, he founded the Wei Wushu and achieved the miraculous feat of "72 battles and 64 victories"; in Chu, Nanping Baiyue, Northern Imperial Sanjin, Western Expedition to strengthen Qin, assisted the mourning king to change the law and strengthen the country.
However, just as famous as his achievements are his character.
Wu Qi's family was rich when he was young, in order to seek an official and a half-position, he drilled camps on all sides, exhausted his family wealth but still achieved nothing, "the township party laughed at it, Wu Qi killed more than 30 people who slandered himself", a few casual jokes, he killed dozens of villagers, Sima Qian said that he was inhumane!
Wu Qi caused a great disaster and had to leave the country, and his mother was afraid all day long, and soon died of illness. When he heard the news, he refused to go home to mourn, so much so that his teacher, Zeng Shendu, despised his behavior and disowned him.
Later, Wu Qi developed in the country of Lu and became a doctor, but he was still not satisfied. In 412 BC, Qi Guotian Bai attacked Lu, and Mu Gong wanted to make him a general, but when he heard that his wife's maiden family was in Qi, he gave up this intention, and Wu Qiwen drew a knife to kill his wife, and exchanged his wife's head for the general's seal.
Fang Xuanling, a famous minister of the Tang Dynasty, said in the Book of Jin: "Wu Qi is a corrupt official, his mother dies and does not return, he kills his wife and begs for a general, he is very unfilial and cruel." ”
Zhao Kuangyin also kicked him out of the martial arts temple because of this.
3. Cai Lun
Cai Lun's historical achievements do not need to be repeated too much, his papermaking technology has made great contributions to human civilization, American Mike Hart in the "List of 100 Celebrities Who Influenced the Process of Human History", he ranked seventh, far surpassing Columbus, Einstein, Darwin and other big bulls, the United States "Time" magazine also named him "one of the greatest inventors in human history".
However, Cai Lun's character is really not flattering.
Cai Lun entered the palace in his teens, and achieved the "high position" of Xiaohuangmen in his twenties, but he was not satisfied, in order to tie up the favored Dou family at that time, he designed to frame Song Guiren to perform "witchcraft", causing him to commit suicide by poisoning, and the crown prince Liu Qing was also deposed as the king of Qinghe. Later, he framed Liang Guiren, causing him to die of depression.
After the death of Emperor Zhang, Dou became the empress dowager, and Cai Lun also ascended to heaven and was named a regular servant, "among the Yu Shen Commanders".
In 92, Liu Zhao, who had grown up, wanted to be pro-government, and it happened that the elder brother of the Empress Dowager Dou, Dou Xian, conspired to rebel, and Cai Lun, who heard the rumors, did not hesitate to turn the rudder and took refuge in Liu Zhao.
And his improvement of papermaking was not for the benefit of mankind and the spread of civilization, but only to please the Empress Dowager Deng at that time.
In 106, the twenty-seven-year-old Liu Zhao died of illness, and Liu Long, who had just turned 100 days old, succeeded to the throne, and his mother, the Empress Dowager Deng, listened to the government.
In order to implement the new policy, Deng organized a group of scholars to revise the scriptures and publish them all over the world, which required a large amount of paper. Cai Lun realized that this was a good opportunity to curry favor with the Queen Mother, so he took advantage of his position to improve the papermaking skills of his predecessors.
Cai Lun presented the "Cai Hou Paper", and sure enough, he was praised by the Empress Dowager Deng, and was crowned as the Marquis of Longting, "three hundred households were sealed", and his power also reached its peak.
Cai Lun has been insidious and treacherous all his life, seeing the wind and steering the rudder, but the world is impermanent, and one day, he will pay the price.
In 121, Empress Dowager Deng, who had been sheltering Cai Lun, died, and Emperor Liu Hu of the Han Dynasty became the ruler of the People's Republic of China, and Liu Hu was the son of Liu Qing, the king of Qinghe (Liu Longwuhou).
After Liu Hu became in power, he began to retry his grandmother Song Guiren's witch Gu case, Cai Lun knew that he could no longer fall against the wind, so he took poisoned wine and committed suicide in fear of sin.
Fourth, Li Si
Li Si made a great contribution to Qin Shi Huang's unification of China. He exhorted the expulsion order so that talents from all over the world gathered in Great Qin; he abolished the division of feuds, and laid the foundation for the unification of China by proposing the same text and the same track; he revised the Qin laws and banned private learning, and was the biggest planner of a series of policies of the Qin Dynasty.
In addition, his contributions to literature, calligraphy, philosophy and other aspects also have a considerable position in history, "The Book of Exhortations to the Guest" is a famous prose in ancient times, "Mount Tai carved stone", "Langxitai carved stone" and so on are also famous monuments, "Cangjie Chapter" seven chapters are called "the first of Qin Sancang", is one of the enlightenment popular science books of the past dynasties.
However, Li Si's character has been criticized for thousands of years, he talks about pomp, loves vanity, and extravagance, and Qin Shi Huang has a complaint against him; he is narrow-minded, jealous and jealous, and frames Han Feizi; he is mercenary, for his own selfish interests, he and Zhao Gao tampered with the edict of the First Emperor, gave death to Fusu, and killed the Meng brothers, resulting in the death of Qin II.
Of course, he himself could not die well, and he confessed to rebellion under the framing of Zhao Gao, and ended up with no place to bury.
Fifth, Shi Lang
Everyone knows that Shi Lang helped Kangxi recover Taiwan and was considered a "national hero". It is worth mentioning that because of his words - if he does not rule Taiwan, it will become a base for the remnants of the Ming Dynasty, which made Kangxi change his mind and not send Taiwan to the Dutch, but into the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
In this respect, he has made tremendous contributions to the Chinese nation, and it can be said that he has made a great contribution to the Chinese nation.
But his personal morality is very unbearable.
Shi Lang was originally a general of Zheng Zhilong, and then he was demoted to the Qing Dynasty, and later because he was not reused, he followed Zheng Chenggong to oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty.
Many people think that Shi Lang was cleared again because his whole family was killed, but in fact, it was just the opposite. After he took refuge in Zheng Chenggong, Zheng did not give him a heavy responsibility, but was wary of his arrogance, Shi Lang was also very dissatisfied, he said that he wanted to become a monk, in order to spy on Zheng's attitude towards him, Zheng was unmoved, he shaved his hair in a rage, and no longer saw Zheng Chenggong.
In the ninth year of Shunzhi, Zeng De, who was restrained by Shi Lang, in order to seek his head, "relied on the intimacy of the Zheng family and fled to Zheng", Shi Lang blatantly ignored Zheng Chenggong's strict order of "galloping and not killing", and arrested him and beheaded him.
This angered Zheng Chenggong, so he ordered the right vanguard Huang Ting to arrest Shi Lang and his son and put them in prison, and then Shi Lang escaped to the Qing Dynasty with the help of some cronies, and Zheng beheaded his father and brother. Shi Lang also hated Zheng because of this, and was bent on making enemies of the Zheng family.
After Shi Lang surrendered, he was not reused at first, but he drilled camps everywhere, whether it was to worship the powerful ministers at that time, or to the later Mingzhu and Suo Etu, he was extremely flattering, but the Qing Dynasty was too deeply guarded against repeated people like him who surrendered and rebelled, so it has not been reused, until Kangxi planned to recover Taiwan, Shi Lang became the main general of the restoration of Taiwan.
If these can still be disguised by a determination to take revenge, then his subsequent series of actions are the embodiment of his true character.
In history, after Shi Lang captured Taiwan, he took a large number of acres of land, almost half of Taiwan's reclaimed land, called "Shi Hou Rent Farmland", and later, he even did not let go of the Penghu fishermen, and extorted the fishermen from the fishermen for "rules" and private pockets.
Shi Lang has always been negatively evaluated in history because of his repetitive, domineering, and money-greedy image, and it was not until the 80s of the last century that the case was successfully overturned because of the "recovery of Taiwan" and became a national hero.
Sixth, Zhang Juzheng
The first first auxiliary of the Ming Dynasty, the implementation of a whip law, the great reformer, the core figure of Wanli Zhongxing, known as "a hundred years of life for the Ming Dynasty".
However, in terms of personal morality, Zhang Juzheng is quite unbearable.
For example, in the battle between Xu Jie and Gao Gong, he was in contact with Gao Gong in private, but on the surface, he maintained a close teacher-student relationship with Xu Jie.
During the reign of Gao Gong, Zhang Juzheng let him charge in front and do errands that offended people, while he himself established a good relationship with the celebrant and the harem in private, and when the conditions were ripe, he united with Feng Bao and Empress Dowager Li to easily overthrow the unobtrusive Gao Shoufu and successfully ascended to the prime minister.
If this is a conspiracy and is blameless, then in terms of personal style, Zhang Juzheng has more deficiencies.
For example, Zhang Ju was pampered and arrogant in his later years. He once proclaimed: "I am not the prime minister", and even hung a pair of couplets given to him by others in front of the hall: "The sun and the moon are bright, and all the countries look up to the son of tomorrow; Not only did he not take the emperor in his eyes, but he also brazenly called himself the emperor's father.
Another example is his arrogance and lasciviousness, he returned to his hometown to worship his ancestors, and rode in a gorgeous sedan chair carried by 32 people, which was more popular than the emperor's 16 sedan chairs. In addition, he searched for beautiful women everywhere, so that the family had a group of spoiled concubines. According to the records of his friend Wang Shizhen, a famous writer in the late Ming Dynasty, Qi Jiguang gave Zhang Juzheng "always buying a thousand gold concubines", and also sent a lot of fur seal kidneys produced in his hometown Penglai.
Even, Zhang Juzheng's death is also related to this, in Wang Shizhen's words, it is the fault of aphrodisiac - "the Chinese medicine in the day bait house, strong yang and dry, then drink cold medicine to vent it, and it becomes hemorrhoids", so that he died of a violent illness.
Regarding Zhang Juzheng's character, a Xiucai named Ai Zixiu commented at that time: "Zhang Juzheng, Juzheng is not upright, and the black-hearted prime minister is lying on the dragon bed." ”
Seven, Qin Jiushao
He was a famous mathematician in the Southern Song Dynasty, whose technique of seeking the first degree of mathematics was called the "Chinese Remainder Theorem" and was hundreds of years ahead of the West; his "Positive and Negative Formulators" was called the "Qin Jiushao Procedure"; and his famous work "Nine Chapters of the Book of Numbers" was a glorious page in the history of Chinese mathematics and even in the history of mathematics in the world, which had a profound impact on the development of mathematics in later generations, and the American historian of science Sutton called him "one of the greatest mathematicians in history."
However, Qin Jiushao, who made such achievements, was a complete villain, and the evaluation given to him by the people of the time was: "Violent as a tiger and wolf, poisonous as a snake and scorpion, and not a human being." Such a bad evaluation can be said to be the only one in history.
There are many "bad deeds" of him, such as he once sent his men to kill his own son, and for this reason, he personally designed several murder plans, such as poisoning, self-cutting with a sword, drowning, etc., when his subordinates couldn't bear to kill the young master and secretly let him go, he offered a huge bounty and chased his son and his subordinates all over the world.
For example, he likes to collect poisons, even make his own poisons, and once someone offends him, his favorite way is to let them "test the poison" to see which poison is the most painful. One year, Qin Jiushao and his favorite Ji Yueye were secretly happy in the courtyard, and were unintentionally bumped into by a servant who drew water, he first let him test the medicine, and after the servant tried several poisons and did not die, he sent it to the official in the name of stealing, the official thought that the crime was not to death, and did not sentence according to his requirements, he actually hated the magistrate because of this, and tried to poison him to death, and the record at the time said that he: "Accumulate more poison, and if you don't like it, you will be poisoned by it."
In addition, his misdeeds also include taking prostitutes to his father's banquet, subordinating officials, robbing the people's land, building ultra-luxurious manors, and so on.
His character can no longer be described simply as poor.
Seventh, Yang Su
Yang Suqi was a man who was all-powerful in military and political affairs, wise and brave, and extremely talented, who was not only the founding father who assisted Emperor Wen of Sui to unify China and defeat the Turks, but also helped Yang Jian create a "prosperous era of the emperor".
Yang Suchu accompanied the famous general Wei Xiaokuan on his eastward expedition and killed the Northern Zhou clan Yuwenxuan, making great contributions to Yang Jian's behalf of Zhou Jiansui; After Yang Guang ascended the throne, Yang Liang, the king of the Han Dynasty, rebelled against the state, Yang Su only quelled the rebellion with tens of thousands of people, he first attacked the enemy on the Zhongshan Road in the Battle of Gaobi, and killed more than 100,000 Zhao Zikai, and then in the Battle of Qingyuan, he defeated Yang Lang's 100,000 troops with regular soldiers, and captured Xiao Maha, the world's first fierce general; Later, Yang Su made two northern expeditions, the first time with horseback against horseman, and the Datou Khan was hit hard and escaped, and the second expedition to the Turks, the surprise attack broke it, and the Turks fled far away from then on, and there was no recovery court in Monan。
In terms of merit alone, whether it is for the Great Sui or the Chinese nation, Yang Su has made great contributions.
However, everyone in the world knows that he is a traitor who plays a conspiracy, frames the loyal and good, and has a bad character, for example, for the sake of military merits, he is extremely brutal to the soldiers under his command, and if he cannot break the formation, all those who return will be beheaded; in order to ascend to the throne, he framed He Ruobi, Shi Wansui, Li Gang and other loyal ministers and good generals, causing the heroes to be wronged and the world boiling; in order to curry favor with Yang Jian, he abused the people's power to build a palace, resulting in "tens of thousands of dead", and then burned the bones, and even Yang Jian scolded him: "The people's strength is to leave the palace, and to complain to the world for me"; In order to convince Yang Guang, he framed Yang Xiu and helped him win the throne, and later when Emperor Wen was seriously ill, he falsely passed on the holy decree to help Yang Guang ascend the throne.
In terms of character, Yang Su is a villain.
VIII. Sinking
The most powerful figure in the history of Chinese science, but also the most comprehensive talent in history, diplomatically sent an envoy to the Liao State, militarily defended the Western Xia, politically served as the third envoy, and participated in Wang Anshi's reform. Mathematically, it is the first to prove the existence of magnetic declination and to accurately and vividly describe the principle of small hole imaging. Wet copper smelting was proposed for the first time in chemistry, and the concept of "petroleum" was proposed. In astronomy, the armillary sphere and leaky pot were improved, and it was found that the true solar day has a long and short time. In addition, he also has deep attainments in calendar, geography, water conservancy, medicine, etc. A "Dream Creek Writings" made him "a coordinate in the history of Chinese science", and the Chinese Academy of Sciences named an asteroid discovered "Shen Kuo" in honor of him.
However, although Shen Kuo's achievements are high, his influence is wide, and his contributions are great, his character is not good.
Shen Kuo once stabbed his friend Su Shi in the back, when Su Shi was demoted to Hangzhou, he met his friend Shen Kuo, and the two talked about old poems and wines, and laughed and laughed, so happy. Towards the end, Shen Kuo proposed to ask Su Shi to take out the poem for him to read, and Su Shi accepted it without thinking.
Who knew that Shen Kuo copied the poem that night, and circled the verses suspected of slandering the court, and then secretly presented it to the emperor, Su Shi was imprisoned for this, and later thanks to the intercession of Wang Anshi and others, he was degraded to Huangzhou.
Including to Hangzhou, discussing the old with Shi, seeking to record a close poem. If you return, you will sign and post to advance, and the cloud words are all scolded. Later, Li Ding and Shu were good at discussing Shi poems and putting them in prison, which was actually based on Kuoyun. ”
- "Yuanyou Supplement"
As Wang's fellow countryman, Shen Kuo has always been a supporter of Wang Anshi's change, so the relationship between the two is also very good. But later Wang Anshi resigned, Shen Kuo immediately changed camps, he secretly presented a letter of ten thousand words to the prime minister at the time, counting all kinds of ineffective changes in the law, in order to clear his name, he even counterattacked, and criticized Wang Anshi for nothing.
The prime minister was very disgusted with his approach, and made his book public, Wang Anshi called him a capricious villain, and Shenzong also vowed never to use such a shameless renegade.
Since then, Shen Kuo's personal credit has been completely bankrupt, he is not a person inside and outside the conservative school and the law-changing faction, although the two factions are regarded as the same fire and water, but in the matter of despising him, the position is surprisingly consistent, and they have stepped on him, and soon he was expelled from the capital and demoted to Xuanzhou.
Later, Zhezong ascended the throne and granted amnesty to the world, and the people in the court and China wrote books to list their crimes, and Zhezong said that everyone in the world can be pardoned, but Shen Kuo is not forgiven. At that time, Shen Kuo's image of corrupt character was already ironclad and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.