Fafang Master, commonly known as Wang, was born in Jingxing, Hebei Province in the thirtieth year of Qing Guangxu (1904), a young orphan, once entered the Beijing Fayuan Temple Yixue School, due to illness in middle school, he met Master Qingyuan of Putuo Mountain, and had a good feeling for Buddhism, in 1921 he was ordained from Nanyue as an elder of the shore, and in the same year, the Elder of the Dao rank of The Fayuan Temple was ordained, and the Fazun Master was his fellow disciple.
In his early years, he learned from Master Taixu, was proficient in wisdom and clubhouse, and spoke five languages: Chinese, English, Japanese, Sanskrit and Ba, and edited the famous Buddhist journal "Haichaoyin" in the Republic of China three times, and successively taught at the Berlin Catechism in Beijing, the Wuchang Buddhist Academy, and the Chongqing Sino-Tibetan Catechism; in the 1940s, he was sent by the Ministry of Education to promote Mahayana Buddhism in India and Sri Lanka, and had an outstanding reputation in Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Myanmar, and he also served as the abbot of Fenghua Xuedou Monastery in Zhejiang and The Secret Seal Monastery in Dahushan, Hunan In October 1951, he died at the Age of 48 at the Age of 48, a monk for thirty-one years and a thirty-one summer abstinence.
Master Fafang was one of the first monks of Wuchang Buddhist Academy, following Master Taixu in practicing the idea of "Buddhism of Life", and from an international perspective, reforming sangha education, carrying out Buddhist research, and promoting the dialogue and integration of the three major language families of Buddhism, he wrote "Solipsism and Science", "The Concept of History and Philosophy of Wisdom", "Buddhist Views on Life", "The Light of Truth", "The Cultural Man of India", etc., and translated "Abhidharma Sutra", "Auspicious Sutra", "Brahman Sutra", "Tonyah Sutra", etc. He is an outstanding monk of great significance in the history of modern and contemporary Buddhism in China.
Mr. Liang Jianlou, the hometown of Master Fafang, collected the lectures, writings, texts and other relevant documents seen by Master Fafang in various places, and compiled and published a six-volume "Collected Works of Fafang" in 2011. For the study of Master Fa Fang, a figure of his predecessor who is not very familiar to the Buddhist circles and academic circles today, this is undoubtedly a very important foundation for laying the foundation. Unfortunately, except for a frame of handwritten handwriting in small print with a hard pen of Master Fafang, there are no other handwritings in the "Collected Works of The Fafang", and I do not know whether they are limited to physical examples or are limited to the difficulty of visiting. The author was fortunate to see a brush codex of the Master of the Fa Fang, which is very precious, and is now published and slightly combed for the experts to refer to.
It is a paper book, two pages, 24 cm in length, 21 cm in width, eight lines in a zhu frame, a line book, and the full text is interpreted as follows:
Mr. Junmuro Huijian: He is a bong Daza, and he likes to live in Nanquan, although he has a clear path, he wants to take advantage of the medicine. Promise Song carving, feel deep love, and be kind and cherished. Remembering in Eyuan, undertaking a painting of Jin? Wei? Buddha statue (Shakya Buddha), left in the courtyard, is now anxious to find a painting, in order to pay tribute, I don't know if Mr. Ever existed? Mr. DaYuan was at The Jiangjueyuan College under Shixia in Xiangwugang (author's note: Dangwei Gang); Ji Shen taught with Mr. Li Jinxi at the Northwest United University in Chang'an, and the United Nations General Assembly did not know in He County, Shaanxi; Mr. Li Lianfang did not meet, nor did he know his Beibei residence, such as to the mountain, contemporary greetings. When will sir come to Beibei for a visit? The boat should sweep the path to meet. This is the ode
Daan
Fa Fang Jing Qi, July 4.
Is baoju the same to Chongqing? Hope it shows.
Master Fa Fang to Mr. Yi Junmuro Codex
The recipient of the letter, "Mr. Junmuro", that is, Mr. Yi Zhongzhen (1886-1969) of Qianjiang, Hubei Province, "Junmu" is his character. Mr. Yi Junmu was born in a solid family on the banks of the Han River, when he was a child, he was sent to Japan to study at the end of Guangxu, graduated from Waseda University, was an early member of the League, participated in the Wuchang Uprising in Xinhai, served as the speaker of the Qianjiang County Council, the hubei Jingguo Army counselor, the protector of the Xiangxi Defense Office, the hubei provincial parliament member, the director of the Hubei provincial library, the secretary general of the army's 67th army, and successively taught at the Hubei Provincial First Girls' High School (the predecessor of the 39th Middle School in Wuhan). The private Wuchang Wenhua Library College (the predecessor of the School of Information Management of Wuhan University), the private Wuchang Art College (the predecessor of the Hubei Academy of Fine Arts), the National Northwest University, the National Northwest Normal College (the predecessor of the Present Northwest Normal University), the National Hubei Normal College (the predecessor of the present Hubei University), the National Sichuan University, the private Chenghua University (the predecessor of the Southwest University of Finance and Economics), the private Southwest College (the predecessor of the Southwest University of Political Science and Law), and other universities, were famous paleographers, epigraphers, and other universities during the Republic of China. In his later years, he was hired as a librarian of the Sichuan Provincial Museum of Literature and History, and was one of the first librarians.
Mr. Yi Junmu
This collection of Master Fa Fang is included in Mr. Yi Junmu's "The Words of the Garden of The Mackerel". "Minoru Garden" is the name of Mr. Junmuro, and "Ci Mackerel" is based on the Western Han Dynasty Lou To protect the "Five Marquis Mackerel", which means the essence of the word, which is the letter of his friends and friends and their fish and geese during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (there are also "Seal Mackerel in the Garden", "Mo Mackerel in the Garden", etc.), which are divided into three huge volumes: "Ruler Obtained in Qinzhong", "Ruler Obtained in Shuzhong", and "Friend Ruler Album", totaling more than 200 links and more than 300 pages, which are included in the "Friends Ruler Album". The calligraphers in the "Zi Ma In the Garden" include Ma Heng, former director of the Palace Museum, Sha Menghai, director of the Xiling Printing Agency, Zhang Shizhao, director of the Central Research Museum of Literature and History, and Ma Yifu, Xie Wuliang, Shen Yinmo, Huang Binhong, Tang Zuishi, and dozens of others.
Shadow of the book "The Garden of Words"
Mr. Junmuro's ancestral home was originally in Qianjiang City, south-central Hubei Province, and he only moved to the provincial capital of Wuhan in the early 1930s. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wuhan was quickly lost, and the Japanese Kou traced their way westward, coupled with the rampant banditry in the countryside, Mr. Junmuro's family had to avoid Entering Sichuan. After the Spring Festival in 1939, he set out via Shashi and Yichang, and arrived in Chongqing around April 15 (the 26th day of the second lunar month) (for details, see the fourth part of the humble article "The Beginning and End of the Journey between Yi Junshi and Sha Menghai", "Yuzhou Reunion: Comforting Life in the War"), originally lived in a friend's home in Downtown Chongqing, and then because of the "Chongqing Bombing" on May 3 and 4, people were panicked, so they "moved to The South Hot Spring in Ba County ("Yi Zhongzhen's Autobiography)". Located in the mountains on the banks of the Huaxi River in Nanquan Street, Banan District, Chongqing, Nan hot spring has a long history and is one of the famous "old five springs". Mr. Ephesus, the second son of Mr. Junmuro, recalled in an article many years later: "In Minami Onsen, we stayed at the YMCA Hotel, a three-story building built on a hill, the staircase is a hillside, and my father and aunt lived in a room on the third floor. This is the name of "living in Nanquan" in Zhazhong.
Looking at the whole Zha, it was obviously written by Master Fa Fang after he learned the news of Mr. Junmuro's arrival in Chongqing. Mr. Junmuro has survived in the "Collection of Clouds" (poetry collection), and after arriving in Chongqing, there are several poems in turn, such as "Nanquan Tour Tiger Howling Mouth, Fairy Cave, Evening BathIng Pond", "Moon Night Visit to Small Hot Spring Stone In Jilu", "Qixi Small Illness", including "Qixi Small Illness", and "A Generation of Word Flying Generals" and the famous seal engraver Qiao Dazhuang's and his works. If "Tanabata" refers to it in general, and if you add the "fourth day of July" to the signature of the Zahou, it seems that it can be inferred that "although there is a clear path, you want to take advantage of the medicine" means "Tanabata Minor Illness". From this, it can be further determined that this work was made on August 18, 1939, and that the signature "July 4" is the fourth day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar.
However, after checking the entire book of the "Fafang Anthology", Master Fafang Ji Ri seems to be accustomed to using the Western calendar, and tried to test it with the "Journey to Chongqing" (detailed "Fafang Anthology" Volume VI). At the end of 1936, at the request of The Acting President of the Chongqing Han-Tibetan Catechism, Master Fa zun, went to attend the first graduation ceremony, departing from Hankou on the morning of "January 7" and traveling by waterway through Shashi and Yichang to Chongqing, "(February) 17 at 3:00 p.m. "Returning to Hankou, with a diary recorded throughout the whole process, published on the fifth volume of The Eighteenth Volume of Haichaoyin", and the signature was "February 17, 26", that is, 1937. Its "January 23 (Han-Tibetan Catechism)" has a record: "It is stipulated that on the eighteenth day of the old calendar, all teachers and students will ascend to the peak and perform the foundation laying ceremony"; "January 30" also records: "Today is the master's birthday", and the eighteenth month of the year of Chengzi (1936) is the 30th day of January 1937 in the Western calendar, which proves that the diary of Master FaFang uses the Western calendar, which may also be the habit formed by his travels abroad. In addition, there is still a record of "arriving in Yichang at 1:00 p.m. on the 10th of february, and no ship owner drove ..., and because it is the Chinese New Year's Eve of the old calendar (the year of C Zi Chinese New Year's Eve is February 10, 1937)", which can be further proved. At this point, it can be determined that the "fourth day of July" is the Western calendar, that is, the eighteenth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar (July 4, 1939). Phrases such as "although there is a clear sickness" do not refer to "Tanabata minor illness".
Mr. Junmuro is good at the study of gold stones, tablets, and catalogs, and has collected a wealth of gold, stone carvings, statues, classics, etc. in the past, and has also opened an ancient bookstore in Wuhan. As Zha Zhong said, "promise to give Song carvings" and "promise a Jin painting?" Wei? Buddha statue (Shakya Buddha)", because there is no more supporting clues, there is no way to determine what frame to investigate, but combined with the identity of the Master of the Fa Fang, the "Song carving" is likely to be a Song Dynasty carved Buddhist scripture, and the Buddha statue should be a stone carved Tuoben.
From the end of December 1931, when he returned to Wuchang at the call of Master Taixu to serve as the director of the Library of the World Buddhist Academy, and also edited the "HaiChaoYin", until January of the Twenty-seventh Year (Fafang "From Wuchang Buddhist Academy to the World Buddhist Academy")," he presided over the teaching affairs of the Sino-Tibetan Catechetical Institute, and for more than six years before and after, Master Fafang has been promoting the Dharma in Ezhong, and the "Eyuan" in Zazhong refers to the Wuchang Buddhist Academy. During this period, in addition to teaching at Hubei Provincial No. 1 Girls' High School, the private Wuchang Wenhua Library School (the predecessor of the School of Information Management of Wuhan University), and the private Wuchang Art College (the predecessor of the Hubei Academy of Fine Arts), Mr. Junmu also presided over the publishing institution "Yizhen Society" and the famous art monthly magazine of the Republic of China - "Yizhen", and traveled extensively. When Master Fafang was in Hubei, he had very close ties with the Hankou Buddhist Orthodox Faith Association (the "Collected Works of the Law" included "Hankou Buddhist Association Six Characters Daming Seven Periods of Zhai Astronomy", "Mourning Hankou Buddhist Orthodox Association Chairman Wang Senfu Jushi", etc.), and Mr. Junmu's friends Li Shucheng (who was the chairman of the Hankou Buddhist Orthodox Faith Association) and Shen Zhaonian (who was the vice chairman of the Hankou Buddhist Residence) were all famous Protectors of the Dharma in Wuhan, and it was naturally reasonable that the two of them had exchanges and gifts. It is particularly noteworthy that mr. Junmuro's second son also recalled: "(In 1931) the Wuhan flood, all three towns were flooded, a vast ocean. My family lives in Changqingli, Hankou... Later, because the water was too large, it was really impossible to stay here, so our family fled in a small boat and ran to a Buddhist college in the countryside of Wuchang", and it can also be seen that Mr. Junmuro has a long history of contacts with the Buddhist circles in Wuhan.
The "Mr. Dayuan" mentioned in Zhazhong is Tang Dayuan (1885-1941), a famous Buddhist scholar during the Republic of China. Tang's real name was Wei Hong, and the characters Were gradually lu and Yue Liu, a native of Zhuyitang (now Zhushi Town, Dongkou County), Wugang County, Hunan Province, and "Dayuan" was his legal name, as well as pen names such as Yiyun and Foyin. At the age of eighteen, Dayuan was a student member of Wugang Prefecture, and in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904 AD), he entered the Preparatory Department of Hunan Province, graduated from the Hunan Excellent Normal School, and successively taught at the Hunan Provincial First Normal School, Gaosha Tatemei Middle School, and served as a zhejiang supervisor. In his early years, DaYuan took refuge in Master Yinguang, practiced pure land, and founded the New Lotus Society in his hometown (different from the Lotus Society created by Huiyuan in Lushan Donglin Temple during the Eastern Jin Dynasty), and later followed Master Taixu and specialized in the study of Wisdom, writing "The Mahayana Belief Theory solution", "Outline of the Study of Wisdom", "Convenient Discussion of Wisdom", "Wisdom is Easy and Simple", "Interpretation of the Three Characters of Wisdom", "Research Methods of Wisdom", etc.
Tang Dayuan has lived in Wuchang for a long time, and has taught Indian philosophy, Buddhist literature and Lao Zhuang philosophy at Chung Hua University, Southeast University, and Wuhan University, and has served as provost and director of the research department of Wuchang Buddhist College. Master Hokage specifically mentioned in the reply that it must have been Mr. Tsunemuro who had inquired. Judging from Mr. Junmuro's contacts in Wuhan at that time, it is not surprising that Tang and Yi were acquainted. More importantly, Tang Dayuan was an officer in the Philosophy Department of the Chinese Society (founded by Zhang Taiyan et al. in 1932), and Mr. Junmuro was also an officer in the Art Department of the Society ("I... self...... Later, he also served as an officer of the art department of the Chinese National Society, and edited the art thesis of his "On the Balance of Chinese Studies", "The Autobiography of Yi Zhongzhen"), belonging to the same association, living in the same city, and having some compliance, of course.
"Shixia River" is the town of Shijiang in Dongkou County, Hunan Province, because of the cliffs in the east of the town, the river flows east from the stone and named "Shixia River", referred to as "Shijiang", the Republic of China belonged to the third district of Wugang County, so Zhazhong is said "Wugang Shixia River". The "Jueyuan Academy" was established by Tang Dayuan in his early years because of the difficulties of the times, based on the understanding that "saving the country should be the first to save the school ("Dongkou County Chronicle")," in order to "make the poor and untouchables read books, so that readers do not want money ("Dongkou County Chronicle")," attached to the New Lotus Society in the Legal Circle, with the aim of "creating a pure land in the East and expounding the Aurora civilization ("Dongkou County Chronicle"). After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Oriental Culture Institute, which was originally in Wuchang, was also relocated to the society.
"Ji Shen" is Tang Zupei (1898-1996) in Xianning, Hubei Province. Tang Zupei' original name was Yisun, Zu Pei was his character, later changed to Ji Shen, Jie Xuan, after graduating from the Department of Chinese Philosophy of Wuchang Zhonghua University in 1923, he stayed on to teach, and was a disciple of Huang Jigang of Puchun. During his han dynasty, Tang Zupei participated in the establishment of the Oriental Culture Institute and the Cultural Public School; after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he successively taught at the National Northwest United University, the National Northwest Normal College, the National Shanxi University, the National Hubei Normal College, etc.; in 1949, he went to Taiwan as a full-time professor at the Taiwan Maritime College (now The Taiwan Ocean University), and concurrently served as a professor at National Taiwan Normal University and Soochow University. Tang Zupei devoted his life to the study of Fang Zhi and the Water Classic, and in addition to teaching in the Literature Department of the Northwest United States, he also participated in the compilation of "Chenggu County Chronicle", "Huang (Emperor) Lingzhi", "Luochuan County Chronicle" and other chronicles, and in his later years set up the Jiexuan Literature Museum in Taipei, and presided over the revision of "Xianning Quanzhi"; the main works include "The Famous Biography of the Republic of China", "Li Beihai Quanshu", "Zheng He Navigation Chronicle", "New Fang Zhixue", "Outline of Chinese History" and so on.
Li Jinxi (1890-1978), a native of Xiangtan, Hunan, was a famous linguist and educator, and one of the founders of the Jiusan Society. Before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Li Jinxi served as the dean of the First Normal College of National Beiping University (the predecessor of the present-day Beijing Normal University); after the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he moved with the school to Xi'an and taught at the Xi'an Provisional University, which was composed of the former National Peking University, Beiping Normal University, and Beiyang Institute of Technology; later, due to the fall of Taiyuan and the repeated harassment and bombing of Xi'an by Japanese aircraft, Xi'an Provisional University moved south again to Hanzhong and was renamed "National Northwest United University", and the headquarters and most of the colleges were located in Chenggu County, at this time Li served as the director of the secretariat of the United Nations General Assembly and the director of the Department of Chinese Literature. He is a colleague and superior with Tang Zupei. The "Chang'an Northwest United University" mentioned in Zhazhong, which mixes Xi'an (formerly known as Chang'an), the Provisional University, and the Northwest United University, is actually an inaccurate title, and the official title at the time of writing should be "National Northwest United University." ”
Mr. Junmuro later also taught at the National Northwest University and the National Northwest Normal College, because he was a fellow villager in Hubei, and had a lot of contacts with Tang Zupei, and his "Gathering of The Clouds" includes poems such as "Xin Wei ChunRuo, Jie Xuan (Tang Zu Pei) Beckons to Drink The East Lan Ruo of the City, and Rhymes with Red Characters", "Jie Jie Xuan (Tang Zu Pei) Chengdong Yu Lu is the Jie Xuan Tu made by the inscription Bin Hong", "Send Li Shao Xi (Li Jinxi) Gao Lan" and so on. Gu Xuejie (1913-1999), a well-known classical literature expert and former consultant of the National Ancient Books Collation and Publication Planning Group, also received a poem entitled "Xin Wei Li Yu Yu Lecheng Du Jia Cao Xijing Library Branch, Li Shaoxi, Tan Jiefu, Yi Junfu, Tang Jiexuan, and Mr. Li Shaoxi, Tan Jiefu, Yi Junshi, and Tang Jiexuan have all arrived first, and Du Shi rhymes, get the word "Peng", and the "Shi Kou Police Day Urgently Needed", which can be seen in the singing and grandeur of literature and wine.
Lai Kam Hee-hee, then Minister of Education, Zhu Jiahuazha, inquired about the address of Mr. Yi Junmu
"Li Lianfang" is Li Buqing (1879-1959) of Hubei Mountain, the original character Futing (a saying Sicheng), the number lotus, later renamed Lianfang. After the Wuchang Uprising in Xinhai, he successively served as the chief secretary of the Governor's Office of the Ejun Army, the commander of the Xiangyang Garrison, and the governor of Xiangyang Province and Yichang Province; later devoted himself to the reform of education and teaching textbooks, successively serving as the editor of the Zhonghua Bookstore, the director of the Ministry of Education, the director of the Henan Education Department, the director of the affairs of Wuchang Normal University, and the dean of the School of Literature of Henan University, and founded the "Kaifeng Education Experimental Zone", which is famous for its "Honest Teaching Method". In his later years, he was the general director and deputy director of Hubei Tongzhiguan, a member of the Central Cultural and Education Commission, a member of the Central and Southern Military and Political Committee and vice minister of education, a member of the Hubei Provincial People's Government, and a vice chairman of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and has written more than 200 works.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Li Lianfang went to Sichuan with the Ministry of Education and served as a teaching guide for primary school exile teachers in the Yangtze River Basin, a member of the Editorial Committee of the Ministry of Education's Primary and Secondary School Textbooks, and a member of the National Committee for Political Participation. Although the Editorial Committee of primary and secondary school textbooks of the Ministry of Education is subordinate to the Ministry of Education, it is not in the same office as the Ministry of Education (Ba County Qingmuguan Hot Spring Temple, "Ba County Literature and History Materials No. 10"), but in "near the intersection of Chongqing LiangluKou ("A Hundred Years of Dreams: Liang Shiqiu's Life Self-Description") "on a small hillside of Shangqing Temple ("Memoirs of Jiang Biwei")," and the detailed address is "No. 34 Cai Yi Road ("Beibei Wenshi Materials No. 4 Series of Beibei Literature and History Materials During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression")," which is now near the old residence of Tiansheng New Village in Beibei District, Chongqing.
From January 1938, when Master Fa Fang entered Sichuan to "sort out the teaching affairs of the Han (Tibetan Catechism) Academy" (Fa Fang's "From Wuchang Buddhist Academy to the World Buddhist Academy"), to September 1940, when he was sent to the country (Fa Fang's "Report on Yangon"), he presided over the teaching affairs of the Han-Tibetan Catechetical Institute for nearly three years. The Han-Tibetan Catechism is an important part of the Taixu Master's World Buddhist Academy, located in Jinyun Temple, a sacred site of Buddhism in Chongqing, where "to the mountain" refers to Jinyun Mountain.
When Mr. Junmuro's family entered Sichuan, they acted in batches, the eldest son arrived with his parents first because he was studying at the Central University; the second son and the second daughter set off after joining the eldest daughter's family in Jingzhou; the younger son was taken care of by Mr. Junmuro's second sister and temporarily took refuge in the Qianjiang countryside. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, a large number of people fled into Sichuan, and each of them could not take care of themselves. Looking forward to the show", I have seen the past love between Master Fa Fang and Mr. Junmuro. In fact, during the Dragon Boat Festival, Mr. Junmuro had already "returned to Bajiang (Yi Zhongzhen's "Gathering in the Clouds"), and a person returned to Hubei to serve as the secretary general of the Sixty-seventh Army of the Army in Yicheng.
Calligraphy Herald, 2016, No. 30, 10th Edition (published on July 27)
(Originally published in The Tenth Edition of Calligraphy Herald, No. 30, 2016 (published on July 27), Nanjing Printing Press, No. 2, 2016, Sina Blog.) Except for the portrait of Master Fa Fang, the other photos in the text are provided exclusively by Mr. Wang Kewan, please do not misappropriate them. ）
(Wang Kewan, born in 1983, a native of Qianjiang, Hubei Province, self-proclaimed Futang, ziling people, barnyard garden fellow villagers, etc., is now a guest in Hangcheng, is a well-known young scholar, Yi Jun room research expert, zhejiang province young calligraphers association director, academic committee members, articles scattered in "Xiling Yilin", "Calligraphy", "Library and Information Forum", "Literature and History Magazine", "Calligraphy Herald" and other professional authoritative journals. ）
Mr. Wang Kewan
Image source: original, network