The Qin Emperor swept Liuhe, and the tiger looked at He Xiongya!
After Qin Shi Huang unified China, he planned to pass it on to infinity, and ordered the people to carve heshi bi (one said to be Lantian jade) into a four-inch square jade seal with a tiger as the button, and also ordered the chancellor Li Sihuan to write eight characters, "Ordered by heaven, both Shou Yongchang", which was carved on the jade seal by the jade worker Sun Shou, which was used as a sacred national jade seal by later emperors.
The heirloom jade seal replaced the "Jiuding" of the Zhou Dynasty as a symbol of the Son of Heaven, and after its advent, it was regarded as a symbol of the orthodoxy of the dynasty, a proof of legitimacy, and gradually deified by the emperors of later generations, without this jade seal, it always felt that the throne under the ass was not secure, and the person who got this jade seal would suddenly have the ambition to become emperor.
Around the chuanguo jade seal led to a scene of legendary stories.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the turbulent and displaced National Jade Seal</h1>
After the advent of the Chuanguo Jade Seal, it was put on the shelf, and the emperor did not use it when actually handling government affairs, and made another "Six Seals of heavenly sons" to work.
Qin Shi Huang wanted to pass on the world, but he died twice. Liu Bang entered Xianyang first, and the prince of Qin descended to Daozuo and presented the jade seal of chuanguo to Liu Bang, the emperor of Han Gao, from Qin to Han.
As mentioned earlier, the Imperial Seal is seen as a sign of dynastic orthodoxy and a proof of legitimacy. Therefore, when Wang Mang usurped Han, his first time was to force Suo Yuxi to Empress Xiaoyuan to increase the legitimacy of his usurpation of the Han throne as emperor. The empress dowager was furious and threw the jade seal to the ground and broke a corner; Wang Mang ordered people to make up for it with gold, and although the craftsmanship was exquisite, it also left a trail of missing horns.
After Wang Mang's defeat, the chuanguo yuxi fell into the hands of liu Xuan, the first emperor; Liu Xuan was defeated by the Chimei army, and the jade seal fell into the hands of Liu Penzi; after the defeat of the Chimei army, the jade seal belonged to Liu Xiu, the emperor of Han Guangwu, and after a turn, he returned to the Han Dynasty again.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo rebelled, and various princes rebelled against Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo saw that the Kwantung army was strong, destroyed Luoyang and moved the capital to Chang'an, where Yuxi was lost. After Hou Sun Jian led his army into Luoyang, he accidentally fished out the Chuanguo Jade Seal in the Zhenguan Well in the south of the city. Yuan Shu used Sun Jian's wife Xiao as a threat to obtain the jade seal, and as mentioned earlier, he immediately had the ambition to become emperor. But some people also think that Sun Jian's discovery of the Chuanguo Jade Seal is a figment.
After the defeat of Yuan Shu, the jade seal was obtained by Cao Cao, at this time Cao Cao "blackmailed the son of heaven to order the princes", and after obtaining the jade seal, it was like a tiger adding wings and the destiny of heaven, and from Han to Cao Wei, and then from Cao Wei to the Western Jin Dynasty.
Yuan Shu saw "Xi" eyes open
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > confusing national jade seal</h1>
After the Western Jin Dynasty, the whereabouts of Yuxi gradually became confused. After the Yongjia Rebellion, Emperor Huai of Jin was captured, the jade seal of Chuanguo was obtained by Former Zhao Liu Cong, and Shi Le destroyed Former Zhao to obtain the jade seal, which was passed on to Later Zhao, followed by Ran Wei of Ran Min.
As mentioned earlier, the jade seal of chuanguo is a sign of the orthodoxy of the dynasty, and after the Western Jin Dynasty, the jade seal fell into the hands of the Former Zhao Liu clan and the Later Zhao Shi clan, so Liu and Shi Er ridiculed the Jin Emperor as a "whiteboard heavenly son" because the jade seal was not in Jin, and the Jin Dynasty was deeply ashamed.
Ran Min usurped the throne and posted Yuxi in Yecheng. When Min died in turmoil, his son called for help from the Eastern Jin Dynasty and sent Yuxi to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, where it spread from the north to the Southern Dynasty. The above circulation path is only a statement, during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Chuanguo Jade Seal has been difficult to verify, lost and damaged, and even at this time, it is not too much to say that the Qin System Chuanguo Seal has disappeared.
According to the above path, after the Sui Dynasty destroyed Jiangnan, the Chuanguo Jade Seal should be inherited by it. The Sui Emperor Yang Guang was killed at Jiangdu, and Empress Xiao fled with yuxi to the Northern Turks. In the fourth year of Tang Zhenguan (630), the general Li Jing led an army against the Turks; in the same year, Empress Xiao returned to the Central Plains and presented the jade seal to Tang Taizong, which was transmitted from the Southern Dynasty to sui and then to Tang.
Tang Taizong Li Shimin
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the unaccounted for chuanguo jade seal</h1>
After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms followed suit, and the jade seal was passed to Li Congke, the late Emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty. Emperor Shi Jingyao used khitan cavalry to rebel south and attacked the Later Tang capital Luoyang, but Li Congke did not want to tie his hands and killed himself, holding Yuxi and burning himself, and Yuxi was nowhere to be found. From the Beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the whereabouts of the Chuanguo Jade Seal were passed down to the Later Tang Dynasty, which is also the most widely circulated version.
But the Taiwanese writer Gao Yang believes that from the Qin to the Later Jin, there were actually three national jade seals during this period:
1. Qin Xi (秦害), the first emperor's original system of the Chuanguo Jade Seal, wen Yue "was ordained by heaven, both Shou Yongchang", died in the Southern and Northern Dynasties;
2. Jin Xi, a jade seal made by the Eastern Jin Dynasty after Qin Xi's disappearance, wen yue "was ordered by heaven, emperor Shouchang", and the one held by Li Congke, the late Tang Emperor, was the Jin seal;
3. Shi Shi Xi (石氏玺), who made another seal for the Later Jin Dynasty Shi Jingyao, wen Yue "was ordered by Tianming, but De Yunchang", the Khitan was brought back to the Khitan after the Destruction of the Jin Dynasty, and the Late Liao Emperor Yelü Yanxi was lost in the Sanggan River.
Li Congke set himself on fire
During the Song Zhezong period, the Xianyang farmer Duan Yi found a green jade seal and presented it to the imperial court, the ministers identified it as the first emperor's heirloom jade seal, Song Zhezong also deliberately changed the yuan "Yuan Fu", but many people of insight doubted its authenticity, it is likely to be another political performance to whitewash taiping. Until the Jing Kang Rebellion, the Jin soldiers attacked the capital city of Bieliang and obtained fourteen jade seals of various types, including this green seal. By the time Emperor Aizong of Jin died in Caizhou, the whereabouts of this qingxi were also unknown.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the Ming Dynasty did not have a national seal</h1>
In the 31st year of the Yuan Dynasty (1294), Yushi Zhongzhong purchased a jade seal from his widow who had been collected after the meritorious service. Cui Yu also did not know what words were engraved on the jade seal, so he went to the erudite inspector Yushi Yang Huan to identify it. After Yang Huan read it, he said that the above were eight words, "Ordered by Heaven, Shou Yongchang", which was the first emperor's heirloom jade seal, and was dedicated to the emperor, and was enshrined as a sacred object, and passed on to the last emperor, Emperor Yuanshun. The Qing seal of the Northern Song Dynasty was suspected to be most likely forged, and this so-called Chuanguo Jade Seal obviously could not be true.
Whether it is the Qin Seal, the Jin Seal, the Shi Seal or the later Northern Song Dynasty Qingxi, they all disappeared into the long river of history. However, the symbolic significance of the Imperial Jade Seal has not disappeared, and the legitimacy it represents is still needed by imperial politics.
Therefore, when a new dynasty is established, it is often necessary to receive all the jade seals left over from the previous dynasty to show the transfer of the Mandate of Heaven. But the Ming Dynasty was an exception, because Emperor YuanShun brought Yuxi back to his hometown in northern Mobei, and the Ming army did not capture it. Therefore, when the Ming Dynasty was founded, Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, had three regrets, the first of which was the "Seal of the Lesser Transmission of the Country".
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang
Because he did not get the Yuan Dynasty's national seal, in the eyes of many Yuan Dynasty remnants, the Mandate of Heaven was still in the Mongols, and Zhu Yuanzhang was the "White Plate Emperor". Therefore, whether Zhu Yuanzhang or zhu Di later, he went north many times to the north of the desert but worked hard and found nothing, and he never got the Northern Yuan's imperial jade seal.
Ming Chengzu Zhu Di took the throne from his nephew through the "Battle of Jingnan", which seriously lacked legitimacy. Therefore, Zhu Di publicized how brilliant his Wenzhi martial arts were by moving the capital to Beijing, going to the West, and compiling the Yongle Canon, and established legitimacy for himself to take the throne, but unfortunately he could not get rid of the insult of "usurping the throne". But if you can take the "Jade Seal of the Nation" from the Mongols, you can use the Mandate of Heaven to transfer it to establish legitimacy for yourself. Zhu Di's imperial conquest, "five out of the desert north, three ploughs and pavilions", the Laoshi expedition did not take back the jade stone.
In the thirteenth year of Hongzhi (1500), The Inspector of Shaanxi Xiong Chong entered the side of the Jade Seal, and the book Xiaozhuan was "ordained by heaven, that is, Shou Yongchang", saying that it was "the comeback of Qin Xi". And the Rebbe Shangshu Fu Han played the "Man ruled the world with virtue and not with the seal, please do not use this appointment." "Emperor Hongzhi is still an understanding person, knowing that this jade seal is not true, and ninety-nine percent is the flattering work of his subordinates, and it is hidden in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and not used."
The Biography of Cheng Shao of the Ming Dynasty records that in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), the people of Linzhang cultivated the land on the Zhangshui River, and collected a jade seal, the shape of a dragon and a thin turtle, four inches square and three inches thick, on which was engraved the words "Ordained by Heaven, Both Shou Yongchang", which was dedicated to the magistrate Cheng Shao. Cheng Shao reported to the imperial court, saying that "Qin Xi is not enough to enlist for a long time" and hoped that His Majesty would take the talents as treasures. At that time, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian also wanted to use this jade seal as political capital to publicize it, but some of his subordinates expressed their opposition and had to end it hastily.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > flowers fall to whose family heirloom national seal</h1>
In 1636, Emperor Taiji sent Dolgun to conquer the Mongolian Chahar tribe lin dan khan, and lin dan khan was also the last great khan of mongolia. Lin Dan Khan was forced to die of illness in Qinghai, and the people surrendered to Dolgun and presented a Yuan Dynasty jade seal "Treasure of Making Curses", and Emperor Taiji accidentally obtained the Yuan Dynasty jade seal that the Ming Emperor dreamed of.
Emperor Taiji's conquest of Chahar was a key to the manchu Qing's demise. Previously, Houjin only used Shanhaiguan as a boundary to draw a frontier and rule; later changed the name of the country to "Qing", changed the name of the clan to "Manchuria", and the jiannian name "Chongde", and decided to enter the Central Plains; and a major factor that contributed to the emperor's determination was to obtain the "Jade Seal of chuanguo" in Chahar.
Of course, this is only a superficial reason, but in fact it is a favorable change in the strategic situation. At this time, Manchuria was attacked on three sides, Korea in the east, Mongolia in the northwest, and the Ming Dynasty in the southwest. Mongolia has three major tribes with strong strength, one is the Horqin Department in eastern Mongolia, which is married to Manchuria and has a close relationship; the second is the Ordos in western Mongolia, which lives in the Hetao belt; and the third is the Chahar Department in central Mongolia, which is also the strongest department, which has been assisting the Ming Dynasty in curbing the rise of Manchuria. Emperor Taiji destroyed the Chahar department, which was equivalent to breaking one arm of the Ming Dynasty; then he conquered Korea and broke another arm, completely without worries, and could concentrate on dueling with the Ming Dynasty and entering the Central Plains.
However, the jade seal seal obtained by the Emperor Taiji was written on the "Treasure of making the Curse", neither the Jin Seal nor the Shi Seal, nor the Song Seal, nor the Qin Seal, but should be an ordinary jade seal made after the Yuan Dynasty. It's just that Huang Taiji is very good at political propaganda, creates momentum successfully, forms a kind of public opinion guidance that is destined for destiny, and has gained enough political capital and established an orthodox consciousness.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the end</h1>
Europe has "divine right of kings", we also have "destiny", the national jade seal has been given more political symbolic significance since the first emperor was created, and it is orthodox, but is the stable rule of a regime that can be determined by a jade stone? It can even be said that it is just an enlarged version of the beggar keepsake to beat the dog stick.
But how much blood and story is hidden behind this stone.