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The high-speed rail that rides the wind and waves, the stations have been built into high-rise buildings. In recent years, high-speed rail stations in China's cities have grown in height and size, with some new stations even rising several stories above the surrounding skyscrapers. In the face of such a luxurious high-speed rail station, many people can't help asking: Chinese people are generally less than two meters tall, but the high-speed rail station has to be built to more than 60 meters, why bother?
First, to facilitate the needs of a large number of passenger flows
Compared with ordinary urban rail, the high-speed rail station is more like a "living square", integrating shopping, dining, entertainment, culture and other functions. In terms of passenger traffic alone, high-speed rail stations in first- and second-tier cities can handle hundreds of thousands of passengers per day. If you can't build a wide and open station hall and exit, it is easy to get crowded or even stampede accidents on holidays. Coupled with the wide view and abundant commercial facilities, passengers can maintain a comfortable mood during the long waiting process.
Beijing South Railway Station, for example, has a daily passenger flow of up to 150,000 passengers. The station is 450 meters long, 210 meters wide, and about 50 meters high, with a total construction area of 300,000 square meters, which is equivalent to the size of six football fields. The concourse level and platform level are located on the ground and ground floors respectively, and passengers feel as if they are in a huge three-dimensional space. The commercial area is 14,000 square meters, and there are various fast food restaurants and supermarkets for passengers to shop and dine.
Second, the need to highlight the image of the city
High-speed rail stations often stand in the center of the city as a new landmark building in the city, representing the modernization level and strength of a city or even a country. Many designers put a lot of effort into the exterior and interior of the station to create a distinctive architectural style that fits the surrounding environment. This is not only to cater to the aesthetics of foreign tourists, but also to highlight the local cultural heritage and historical accumulation.
Taking Nanjing South Railway Station as an example, the entire station building adopts a combination of Chinese and Western architectural styles, solemn during the day and brilliant lights at night. The tall dome is propped up by carved stone pillars, resembling an ancient palace. "Ten Nanjing people, eight of them have to get lost when they arrive at Nanjing South Railway Station" is the best proof of its magnificence. In addition, Hangzhou East Railway Station is like an elegant ship, and Wuhan Railway Station is like a blooming Dragon Boat Festival flower, both of which have their own ingenuity.
3. The need for disaster prevention and relief
High-speed rail stations should not only consider the appearance and use area, but also safety. Due to the possibility of earthquakes, fires and other emergencies at any time, the structure of the high-speed rail station must be strong enough to have strong seismic and fire prevention capabilities. At the same time, the station is usually set up on the edge of the city, which can avoid the impact of accidents in the urban area, and it is also convenient for fire vehicles to enter and exit.
Shanghai Hongqiao Station adopts a double-layer, three-span special-shaped grid shell structure, which can withstand the impact of earthquakes of magnitude 8 or more due to its lateral force resistance and torsional strength higher than that of ordinary frame structures. In addition, the high dome also served to evacuate the smoke and dust. There are 6 high-power fans on both sides and in the middle of the platform, which can quickly extract harmful gases from the station when an accident occurs.
Fourth, the difficulty of the project and the crystallization of wisdom
The difficulty of building a high-speed rail station with a wide area and an extremely open internal space can be imagined. This requires not only calculating the load of structures, water, electricity, air conditioning, etc., but also solving a series of problems such as civil engineering, foundation engineering, and seismic resistance. It can be said that the construction and commissioning of a high-speed railway station is the crystallization of contemporary engineering technology, which embodies the wisdom of technicians in many fields such as welding, surveying, and electromechanical.
Taking Nanchang West Railway Station as an example, due to its location in a soft soil zone, 658 pipe piles are used as supports, and a single pipe pile is up to 80 meters deep, which is equivalent to a 30-storey building. At the same time, the station's air-conditioning system also adopts multi-connection technology and all-air two-way air supply technology, which not only ensures the cooling effect of large space, but also saves 60% of operating energy consumption. This shows the technical difficulty of this.
Fifth, the role of promoting regional development
The radiation range of the high-speed rail station can reach hundreds of kilometers, which will have a profound impact on the economic and social development of the surrounding cities and even the entire region. Many small and medium-sized cities have relied on the construction of high-speed rail stations to upgrade their urban positioning to regional transportation hubs, and have undergone major changes in industrial structure and employment methods. At the same time, it has also enabled hundreds of millions of rural people to easily integrate into the city and participate in the development of modern service industries.
Jinhua South Station is a typical example. Since its opening, the time between Jinhua and Shanghai has been shortened to 2 hours, and the frequency of exchanges and business travel between residents in Shanghai and Shanghai have been greatly improved. At the same time, it has also driven the development of Jinhua's new materials, new energy and other industries, with GDP increasing from 166.5 billion yuan in 2015 to 345.7 billion yuan in 2021.
6. Actively lead the future
At present, China has the longest high-speed railway network in the world, and with the deepening of the construction of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas, the high-speed rail network connecting key cities will continue to improve and expand, and high-speed rail stations will continue to play an important role as transportation hubs and urban landmarks. The design of the high-speed rail station with a forward-looking and sustainable development concept will lead the direction of sustainable urban development.
Taking Shenzhen Future Science and Technology City Station as an example, the overall shape resembles a big bird with wings spread, implying that the high-speed rail will help the city take off. Considering that Shenzhen is a hot and rainy city, a rainwater storage system is installed on the roof of the station, and solar panels are used to generate electricity for the station. At the same time, it also uses green and long-life building materials. It can be seen that even if the high-speed rail station pursues style, it cannot ignore the concept of energy saving, environmental protection and humanization.
Some netizens said that the construction of high-speed rail stations is somewhat magnificent, which represents the strength of the country. But it should not be too exaggerated, and it should be for the sake of the people. Some stations are not around the city, and it is difficult to find a bus. Some netizens said that the interior decoration of the high-speed rail station should not be too luxurious, and resources should be used efficiently and more attention should be paid to environmental protection. The money is spent on the outside, and the inside is shabby. Some netizens said that the grandeur of the high-speed rail station is a good thing, and it can be used as a city business card. However, the space should be used reasonably, and there should be more free facilities for the people in the station, such as rest areas, charging sockets, etc.
From the above, it can be seen that the construction of high-speed rail stations should not ignore the needs of humanized design and sustainable development while pursuing modern style and meeting the needs of large passenger flows. Outside the station should increase the surrounding supporting traffic and facilitate the people to travel, and the station should be reasonably laid out and provide public facilities and services.
In general, the high-speed rail station should be used as a window to attract people's attention, and at the same time, it should also be based on people's livelihood to make people feel at ease and comfortable. This requires designers and decision-makers to actively adopt the opinions of the general public, so that all aspects of station construction are full of humanistic care.
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