The official Shangshu Jianyi was an important minister of the Five Dynasties in the early Ming Dynasty, and was highly appreciated by Zhu Yuanzhang, who was promoted by Emperor Jianwen to the right attendant of the Zhengsanpin Official's Department for many years before serving the imperial court, and was promoted by Zhu Di to be the right attendant of the Zhengsanpin Official's Department, and was promoted by Zhu Di to be the Right Attendant of the Zhengerpin Official's Department, and concurrently served as the Zhan Shifu Zhan Shi, and was also trusted by Zhu Di and Zhu Gaozi, assisting the crown prince Zhu Gaozi to oversee the country, and with the same name as Xia Yuanji, assisting Zhu Gaozi and Zhu Zhanji in creating the rule of Renxuan.
Jian Yi served as an official Shangshu for twenty-seven years, and selected and appointed a large number of competent officials for the imperial court, with outstanding talents, and was trusted and relied on by Zhu Di, Zhu Gaozi, and Zhu Zhanji.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" >, was highly appreciated by Zhu Yuanzhang, and served with the emperor for many years</h1>
JianYi (蹇義), also spelled Yizhi, was a native of Ba County, Chongqing, whose original name was 蹇瑢, born in the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1363 AD), the seventeenth year of Hongwu (1384 AD), who took the Sichuan Township Examination, took the Sichuan Township Examination, took the examination in the second year, and was named Zhongshu Sheren.
The song was very much in line with Zhu Yuanzhang's wishes and was appreciated by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Once, Zhu Yuanzhang asked Jian Yao, "Are you a descendant of Uncle Jian?" ”
Uncle Jian assisted Qin Mugong in achieving hegemony, ranked as one of the "Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons", and was a famous military figure and politician in history.
She prostrated her head and did not dare to answer. Zhu Yuanzhang thought that Jian Yao was honest and kind, so he gave him the name "Righteousness", and the imperial pen personally wrote his name to him.
According to the custom at that time, officials should be transferred to other official positions after serving for three years, but Zhu Yuanzhang deliberately ordered that the officials should wait for the nine years of their term of office to be transferred, saying: "Zhu Yuan intends to reuse Jianyi."
Since then, Jian Yi has accompanied Zhu Yuanzhang day and night, and Zhu Yuanzhang often handed over important confidential documents to Jian Yi for handling, and Jian Yi was meticulous, respectful and cautious, and almost never made a mistake to anger Shengshang.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > second, was promoted by Emperor Jianwen to the position of right attendant of the bureaucracy</h1>
In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398 AD), after the Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunjiao ascended the throne, according to Zhu Yuanzhang's emphasis on Jianyi and his outstanding performance of Jianyi during his lifetime, he promoted Jianyi to the position of Right Attendant of the Bureaucracy, Zheng Sanpin, and his position in the Bureaucracy was second only to that of Shangshu and Zuo Shilang.
Emperor Jianwen reused Qi Tai and Huang Zicheng, allowing them to participate in state affairs, strictly cut the domain, implement the new policy of Jianwen, and let Fang Xiaoru preside over the reform. During the reign of Emperor Jianwen, Jianyi did not make any important suggestions.
In June of the fourth year of Jianwen (1402 AD), Zhu Di, the King of Yan, led his troops into the Beijing Division, and Jian Yi welcomed Zhu Di, who was promoted by Zhu Di to the position of left attendant of the official department.
Dr. Guozi Wang Sheng once wrote a letter to rebuke Jian Yi, but Jian Yi could not answer, "Dr. Guozi Wang Sheng's suicide note is responsible, and Yi cannot answer. (Biography of Ming Shi Jianyi)
Wang Sheng's father was the son of Wang Yi, who served as the chief official of the Yuan Shi together with Song Lian, and was later killed when he was ordered to go to Yunnan to recruit The King of Yuan Liang, and the Ming Shi included Wang Yi's biography in the Zhongyi Biography.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18" > third, was appointed by Zhu Di as the official Shangshu</h1>
In September of that year, Jian Yi was promoted by Zhu Di to the position of official Shangshu, responsible for the assessment, selection, and appointment of civilian officials. The official Shangshu was the highest official of the bureaucracy, Zheng Erpin ( 正二品).
The position of the officials in the six ministries is particularly important, and it is the first of the six ministries, "Shangshu, who is in charge of the government decrees of the selection, awarding, and examination of the officials in the world, in order to screen other talents and praise the rule of the Heavenly Son." The position of Gaikotsuka Zai is regarded as a special weight. (Ming Shi Zhi Zhi)
From this time until the fourth year of Xuande (1429 AD), Jian Yi was in charge of the ministerial department for twenty-seven years, and a large number of competent officials were selected and appointed for the imperial court, and because of their outstanding talents, they were highly relied on by Zhu Di and Zhu Gaozi.
Among the jianwen ministers who were attached to Zhu Di, Jian Yi was likely to be the highest-ranking civil servant and held real power, which was different from Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and other cabinet ministers.
Although the cabinet ministers were involved in the handling of confidential matters, they played a role by making suggestions to the emperor, and the six Shangshu directly held real power. During Zhu Di's reign, the cabinet was more of a secretarial body, the cabinet ministers made suggestions to the emperor, the emperor could listen or not, the cabinet ministers did not have the system of deliberative power, not an indispensable part of the emperor's decision-making process, Zhu Di did not ask the cabinet for advice on all decisions. At that time, the documents issued by the cabinet ministers to various departments could only be stamped with the seal of the Hanlin Academy, and Yang Shiqi, who was particularly valued by Zhu Di, was only a scholar of Zuo Chunfang University during the Yongle years.
In the eighth year of Yongle, Yang Rong, Jin Youzi and other cabinet officials followed Zhu Di's northern expedition for the first time, and they were no different from the general civil servants, who did not receive special attention because they served in the cabinet, and during the march, they often ate with Soap Li or drank tea with the eunuchs of the conscription.
However, as the time before serving the emperor became longer and longer, the status of cabinet officials gradually improved, and in the twenty-second year of Yongle, when Zhu Di made his last northern expedition, Yang Rong, Jin Youzi and other cabinet ministers never left Zhu Di's side, and sometimes ordered eunuchs to reward wine and meat, and their status rose to be similar to that of meritorious generals and six ministers.
At that time, the imperial court was revising the policies of the Jianwen period in an all-round way, and the changes made during the reign of Emperor Jianwen were almost all abolished.
Jian Yi calmly said to Zhu Di: The important thing to make revisions is to be in line with the actual situation, and the changes made during the Jianwen period are certainly inappropriate, and now they must all be restored to their original state, and they are not necessarily appropriate. Subsequently, JianYi stated the ins and outs of several examples to explain, and Zhu Di thought that Jianyi was reasonable after listening to it, and adopted Jianyi's opinion.
It can be seen that Jian Yi has a profound insight into things, not blindly pandering to Zhu Di, but has his own ideas, and dares to express his views skillfully.
Some people say that Jianyi is nostalgic for the Jianwen period, but Zhu Di did not pay attention to it.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="30" >4, concurrently serving as Zhan Shifu Zhan Shi, and was trusted by Zhu Di and Zhu Gaozi at the same time</h1>
Jianyi is not only excellent in practical ability, but also very good at communication.
In the second year of Yongle (1404 AD), Zhu Di made his eldest son Zhu Gaozi crown prince, and then set up an auxiliary agency for the crown prince: Zhan ShiFu, and selected a group of imperial court ministers to work part-time in Zhan ShiFu, and Jian Yi concurrently served as Zhan Shi Fu Zhan Shi, and Zhan Shi was the highest official of Zhan Shi Fu.
Zhu Di did not like the obese and clumsy eldest son Zhu Gaoxu, but the second son Zhu Gaoxu, who was very heavy, felt that Zhu Gaoxu was brave and good at war, more like himself.
Although Zhu Gaoxu had been made crown prince, his situation was not easy, and Zhu Gaoxu looked at the position of prince and said bad things about the prince from time to time in front of Zhu Di.
Probably in order to properly take care of the emotions of the warriors behind Zhu Gaoxu, Zhu Di sometimes found a reason to attack the power of the prince, and Zhu Gaozi was always worried about being blamed by Zhu Di.
Whenever Zhu Di gave instructions to the prince, he let Jian Yi convey it to the prince, Jian Yi was sandwiched between the two people, the work of passing on the word was very difficult, a little careless, it may not be flattering on both sides, and Jian Yi could always gently explain Zhu Di's meaning to the prince as clearly as possible, and has always been deeply valued and trusted by Zhu Di and the crown prince Zhu Gaozi at the same time, and Jian Yi's outstanding communication ability can be seen from this.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="37" > fifth, assisted by the crown prince Zhu Gaozi to supervise the country</h1>
In the seventh year of Yongle (1409 AD), after Qiu Fu's defeat in battle, Zhu Di decided to personally conquer Tatars and go to Beijing, leaving the crown prince Zhu Gaozi to stay in the capital to oversee the country.
Zhu Gaozi was very trusting and reliant on jianyi, who was familiar with the canonical system and precedents, and was good at grasping the fundamentals, and the prince relied on him to handle all major affairs in the military and state, "the righteousness is familiar with allusions, the rule of the body, and the military and state affairs are all relied on" ("Ming Shi Jian Yi Biography").
Among the jianwen old ministers who were trusted and valued by Zhu Di at that time, Hubu Shangshu Xia Yuanji and Jian Yi were equally famous, and both inside and outside the imperial court called the two "Jian and Xia", and after three years of examination, Zhu Di personally set up a banquet in the Ben Hall to entertain the two.
Jianyi's work ability is very strong, and he has been ordered several times to concurrently manage the affairs of other departments, and his responsibilities are heavy, but he copes with them freely, "counting and taking care of his ministry affairs, filling in the committee, and handling the yuru" ("Ming Shi Jian Yi Biography").
In the seventeenth year of Yongle (1419 CE), Jianyi's father died, and both Zhu Di and the crown prince Zhu Gaozi sent officials to the sacrifice, and soon after, Zhu Di issued an edict to let him return to Beijing to resume his duties.
At that time, Zhu Gaoxu wanted to compete for the position of crown prince, and Jian Yi was always loyal to the crown prince Zhu Gaozi and firmly sided with Zhu Gaozi. At that time, Zhu Di's most trusted civil servant was Yang Rong, and Zhu Gaozi's most trusted civil servant was Yang Shiqi, and only Jian Yi gained the trust and respect of Zhu Di and Zhu Gaozi at the same time, with unique advantages and a relatively special status.
In the twentieth year of Yongle (1422 AD), Zhu Di returned to The Capital on a northern expedition, and Zhang He, the son-in-law of The Rebbe Shangshu Lü Zhen, lost his honor, and Zhu Di surrendered his sins on the grounds that the crown prince Zhu Gao was willing to tolerate Zhang He and Jian Yi had not corrected him, and put Jian Yi in jinyi wei zhao prison, and the following spring, Jian Yi was released.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="45" > vi, highly relied on by Zhu Gaozi</h1>
After Zhu Gaozi ascended the throne, Jian Yi was deeply relied upon, and he was one of the auxiliary ministers involved in decision-making, and ranked first.
Zhu Gaozi was grateful for jianyi's previous merits in assisting the overseer, and the first one to enter the seal of Jianyi was Shaobao, and was given a crown, a wat, and a jade belt, and let Jianyi receive two copies of Fenglu, and soon after, Jianyi was successively promoted to young fu and young master, becoming the highest-ranking civil servant at that time, and was given a silver seal engraved with the words "Rope Correction Miao", which means: correcting mistakes.
With this seal, Jian Yi could directly present a secret song to Zhu Gaozi, and Emperor Kuangzheng was negligent.
Zhu Gaozi also gave the same silver seal to Yang Shiqi, Xia Yuanji, Yang Rong, and Jin Youzi, and also said to the five of them: If there is a fault in Aiqing, please ask Aiqing to immediately play the song and seal it with this silver seal, hoping that all of you Aiqing can correct the mistakes of The Emperor.
Later, Zhu Gaozi was also praised by the Imperial Edict and the "Jian Zhongzhen Seal", and only Yang Shiqi also received such an honor at that time.
Soon, Zhu Gaozi ordered JianYi to work with the British GongZhang Fu and Xia Yuanji to jointly supervise the revision of the Records of Emperor Taizong.
Yang Shiqi thought he was too thoughtful and cautious, and once scolded Jianyi in front of Zhu Gaozi: "Why do you always think so much?" ”
Jian Yi replied: "I am worried about acting recklessly and leaving me with worries." Zhu Gaozi believed that the words of the two men were reasonable.
Yang Rong once said bad things about Zhu Gaozi, and Zhu Gaozi felt that Yang Rong was not very upright.
Jian Yi prostrated his head and replied, "Yang Rong has no other meaning, if anyone around Your Majesty says bad things about Yang Rong, I hope that Your Majesty will pay attention to distinguish them." ”
Zhu Gaozi smiled and said, "I didn't believe his words originally."
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" >7, which is highly valued by Zhu Zhanji</h1>
After Emperor Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne, he used Jianyi more heavily. At that time, the tomb was being built, and Zhu Zhanji planned to follow Zhu Gaozi's funeral edict from Jane, reduce the size of the mausoleum, save manpower and material resources, and ask for the opinions of Jian Yi and Xia Yuanji.
The two strongly agreed: "Your Majesty has a far-reaching vision, expressing both filial piety and saving money, which is beneficial to future generations." ”
Zhu Zhanji personally planned and designed, and built the tomb in three months, although the grandeur and magnificence was not as great as the Changling Tomb, and later the tombs of the Ming Emperors were mostly built according to the scale of the Tombs, until the Ming Dynasty Emperor Zhu Houxuan built the Yongling Tomb, which began to become luxurious and luxurious.
Zhu Di reigned for twenty-two years, probably starting from the seventh year of Yongle to build the mausoleum, the Changling tomb was built for about fifteen years, a total of eight million taels of silver, an average of more than half a million taels per year, and Zhu Gaozi reigned for about nine months, if you build a mausoleum like Changling, it will take several years, not only the financial burden is heavy, but Also Zhu Gaozi can not quickly enter the ground for safety.
Zhu Zhanji made an example for the later emperors of the Ming Dynasty and made a good start, and the burden on the people was greatly reduced.
In the first year of Xuande (1426 AD), the Han king Zhu Gaoxu rebelled in Le'an, and Zhu Zhanji decided to march in person, and Jian Yi, Xia Yuanji, and all the scholars followed the expedition, consulting the confidential affairs of the army, and was given kurama, armor, bow and sword, and other items. After the return of the banshi to the dynasty, Zhu Zhanji rewarded Jianyi a lot.
In the third year of Xuande, Jian Yi followed Zhu Zhanji on a border patrol and returned to the Beijing Division.
Soon, Zhu Zhangene, who was elderly for the four of jianyi, Xia yuanji, Yang Shiqi, and Yang Rong, gave them the seal book and asked them to accompany the imperial attendants, "discussing the truth around the dawn and night" ("Ming Shi JianYi Biography"), and the official positions and Feng Lu were the same as before.
In the fourth year of Xuande (1429 AD), Zhu Zhanji asked Guo Yan to act as the official Shangshu, and soon accepted Hu Hao's suggestion, asking Jian Yi and four other people to discuss suggestions and chapters about local officials, soldiers and civilians, and gave Jian Yi a silver seal engraved with "loyalty and magnanimity".
In the seventh year of Xuande (1432 AD), Zhu Zhanji ordered officials to build a new mansion inside the Gate of Civilization for the sake of Jianyi.
In the tenth year of Xuande (1435 AD), When Emperor Mingying ascended the throne and fell ill while fasting, Zhu Qizhen sent a doctor to visit him and ask him what he wanted to say.
Jian Yi replied: Your Majesty has just ascended the throne, and he hopes to abide by the ancestors' laws and persist unswervingly. ”
Soon after, Jian Yi died at the age of seventy-three, and was posthumously awarded the title of Taishi (太師) with the posthumous title of Zhongding.
He is simple and upright, filial to his parents, loving his brothers, good at handling relations with his colleagues, and has never said a word of hurt. Yang Shiqi often said: "Zhang Yong does not love fun things, Fu Yaoyu treats people sincerely, Fan Jingren does not have a city government, and the advantages of the three people are both righteous and righteous." ”
Jian Yi's son Jian Ying (蹇英) was famous for his poetry, and was given the title of Shangbao Si (尚宝司丞) by Yin, and the official was Taichang Shaoqing (太常少卿).